Niccolò Machiavelli was a 16th century Italian historian, politician, diplomat, philosopher, humanist, and writer based in Florence during the Renaissance. He is famous for his political writings and advice for rulers, suggesting that strong leadership requires a ruler to act in self-interest, even if unethical, and be willing to use force against enemies and subjects when needed. Some of his most well-known maxims advise rulers to inspire fear rather than love if they cannot have both, that politics have no relation to morals, and that it is better to be a true enemy than a false friend.