Lung abscess
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
1 like•23 views
Lung abscess is a localized necrotic lesion in the lung parenchyma containing pus that forms a cavity. It is generally caused by aspiration of anaerobic bacteria. The most commonly affected areas are the lower lobes and upper lobes posteriorly. Lung abscesses are usually caused by aspiration of oral/gastric contents but can also be caused by septic emboli, necrotizing pneumonia, or underlying conditions like granulomatosis. Symptoms include cough with foul sputum, fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves tests showing elevated inflammatory markers and imaging showing increased density, cavity formation, or air-fluid levels in the lungs. Treatment is generally broad
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized necrotic lesion in the lung tissue containing pus that forms a cavity. It is generally caused by aspiration of anaerobic bacteria from the GI tract into the lungs. The most common areas affected are the superior segment of the lower lobes and the posterior segment of the upper lobes. Clinical manifestations include cough producing foul-smelling pus, fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
Lung abscess
Lung abscesses represent necrosis and cavitation of the lung due to microbial infection. They are typically marked by a single cavity greater than 2cm in diameter. Primary lung abscesses usually arise from aspiration of oral bacteria and affect the lower lobes. Secondary abscesses occur in the context of an underlying condition like obstruction or immunosuppression. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting anaerobic bacteria for several weeks and sometimes drainage for large abscesses. Complications include persistent cysts, recurrence, and life-threatening bleeding or aspiration.
Lung Abscess
Lung abscess is a necrotic pulmonary infection that forms cavities containing fluid or debris. It is usually caused by microbial infection following aspiration or pneumonia. Without treatment, lung abscess was often fatal, but antibiotics have greatly improved outcomes. Most lung abscesses are now cured with prolonged antibiotic therapy targeting the usual culprits of anaerobic bacteria and occasionally aerobic pathogens. Imaging helps confirm the diagnosis and monitor response to medical management, with surgery rarely needed for uncomplicated cases.
Empyema dr yusuf imran
Empyema is the accumulation of pus in the pleural space caused by a lung infection spreading. It is classified into three stages based on the fluid characteristics. Common causes are bacterial pneumonias like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Symptoms include fever, cough, and chest pain. Chest x-ray or ultrasound can detect fluid buildup. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of pus, and occasionally surgery. The goal is to clear the infection, expand the lung, and resolve symptoms. Complications may include persistent fever, abscesses, or fistulae if not properly treated.
Lung Abscess 2010
Lung abscess is caused by microbial infection that leads to necrosis of lung tissue, forming a cavity. Symptoms include cough, expectoration of purulent sputum, and abnormalities on imaging. Lung abscesses are usually polymicrobial infections from oral anaerobes following aspiration. Risk factors include predisposition to aspiration, poor dental health, and conditions compromising immunity. Diagnosis involves chest imaging showing cavitary lesions and microbiological testing of sputum or lung aspirates. Treatment involves antibiotics and drainage of complications like empyema.
Lung abscess
Lung abscesses represent cavitated areas of lung tissue caused by microbial infection. They can be either primary, arising from aspiration of oral bacteria, or secondary, caused by an underlying condition impairing lung defenses. Primary abscesses are usually polymicrobial involving anaerobic bacteria and streptococci. They typically present with cough, sputum, fever and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest imaging showing a cavitary lesion and treatment is antibiotics targeting the likely microbes. Prognosis depends on abscess size and patient factors, with primary abscesses having a better outlook than secondary which involve a broader range of pathogens.
lung abscess
The document discusses lung abscess, including its definition, classification, microbiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. A lung abscess is a microbial infection that causes necrosis of lung tissue, forming a cavity. It is usually caused by aspiration of oral anaerobic bacteria. Symptoms include cough, sputum production and fever. Diagnosis involves imaging showing a cavity with an air-fluid level. Treatment involves long-term antibiotics targeting the causative bacteria. Surgery is rarely needed except for failure of medical management or an underlying condition.
Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized infection and necrosis of lung tissue that forms a cavity containing pus. It is usually caused by aspiration or infection traveling via the bloodstream. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sputum production, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray or CT scan to identify lung cavities. Treatment consists of antibiotics chosen based on suspected bacteria and may require hospitalization. Complications can include spread of infection to the pleural space or amyloidosis.
Recommended
Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized necrotic lesion in the lung tissue containing pus that forms a cavity. It is generally caused by aspiration of anaerobic bacteria from the GI tract into the lungs. The most common areas affected are the superior segment of the lower lobes and the posterior segment of the upper lobes. Clinical manifestations include cough producing foul-smelling pus, fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath.
Lung abscess
Lung abscesses represent necrosis and cavitation of the lung due to microbial infection. They are typically marked by a single cavity greater than 2cm in diameter. Primary lung abscesses usually arise from aspiration of oral bacteria and affect the lower lobes. Secondary abscesses occur in the context of an underlying condition like obstruction or immunosuppression. Treatment involves antibiotics targeting anaerobic bacteria for several weeks and sometimes drainage for large abscesses. Complications include persistent cysts, recurrence, and life-threatening bleeding or aspiration.
Lung Abscess
Lung abscess is a necrotic pulmonary infection that forms cavities containing fluid or debris. It is usually caused by microbial infection following aspiration or pneumonia. Without treatment, lung abscess was often fatal, but antibiotics have greatly improved outcomes. Most lung abscesses are now cured with prolonged antibiotic therapy targeting the usual culprits of anaerobic bacteria and occasionally aerobic pathogens. Imaging helps confirm the diagnosis and monitor response to medical management, with surgery rarely needed for uncomplicated cases.
Empyema dr yusuf imran
Empyema is the accumulation of pus in the pleural space caused by a lung infection spreading. It is classified into three stages based on the fluid characteristics. Common causes are bacterial pneumonias like Streptococcus pneumoniae. Symptoms include fever, cough, and chest pain. Chest x-ray or ultrasound can detect fluid buildup. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of pus, and occasionally surgery. The goal is to clear the infection, expand the lung, and resolve symptoms. Complications may include persistent fever, abscesses, or fistulae if not properly treated.
Lung Abscess 2010
Lung abscess is caused by microbial infection that leads to necrosis of lung tissue, forming a cavity. Symptoms include cough, expectoration of purulent sputum, and abnormalities on imaging. Lung abscesses are usually polymicrobial infections from oral anaerobes following aspiration. Risk factors include predisposition to aspiration, poor dental health, and conditions compromising immunity. Diagnosis involves chest imaging showing cavitary lesions and microbiological testing of sputum or lung aspirates. Treatment involves antibiotics and drainage of complications like empyema.
Lung abscess
Lung abscesses represent cavitated areas of lung tissue caused by microbial infection. They can be either primary, arising from aspiration of oral bacteria, or secondary, caused by an underlying condition impairing lung defenses. Primary abscesses are usually polymicrobial involving anaerobic bacteria and streptococci. They typically present with cough, sputum, fever and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest imaging showing a cavitary lesion and treatment is antibiotics targeting the likely microbes. Prognosis depends on abscess size and patient factors, with primary abscesses having a better outlook than secondary which involve a broader range of pathogens.
lung abscess
The document discusses lung abscess, including its definition, classification, microbiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnosis and treatment. A lung abscess is a microbial infection that causes necrosis of lung tissue, forming a cavity. It is usually caused by aspiration of oral anaerobic bacteria. Symptoms include cough, sputum production and fever. Diagnosis involves imaging showing a cavity with an air-fluid level. Treatment involves long-term antibiotics targeting the causative bacteria. Surgery is rarely needed except for failure of medical management or an underlying condition.
Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized infection and necrosis of lung tissue that forms a cavity containing pus. It is usually caused by aspiration or infection traveling via the bloodstream. Common symptoms include fever, cough, sputum production, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves chest x-ray or CT scan to identify lung cavities. Treatment consists of antibiotics chosen based on suspected bacteria and may require hospitalization. Complications can include spread of infection to the pleural space or amyloidosis.
Empyema
This document discusses empyema, which is an accumulation of thick, purulent fluid in the pleural space caused by bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, chest trauma, or surgery. Common organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Empyema develops from a parapneumonic effusion through exudative, fibrino-purulent, and organizing stages. Symptoms include fever, chest pain, and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves imaging and culture of pleural fluid. Treatment requires drainage of fluid, antibiotics for 10-14 days intravenously or longer orally, and oxygen. Nursing diagnoses relate to impaired gas exchange, acute pain, and risk for activity intolerance.
Cavitatoy lung lesions
Cavitary lung lesions can have various causes including cancer, infection, autoimmune disease, vascular embolism, and trauma. On imaging, characteristics like wall thickness, inner contour, location, and other associated findings provide clues to the underlying etiology. Malignant processes tend to have thicker walls over 15mm while benign lesions usually have thinner walls under 4mm. Infectious cavities often have irregular inner walls and may contain fluid levels. Autoimmune diseases typically cause multiple bilateral nodules. The clinical context is also important for determining the most likely diagnosis.
2.lung abscess
1. A lung abscess is a localized collection of pus and necrotic lung tissue caused by a mixed infection, most commonly by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or anaerobic bacteria.
2. Lung abscesses typically form after aspiration of infected oropharyngeal contents or following severe pneumonia.
3. Clinical presentation includes fever, cough, foul-smelling sputum, chest pain, and weight loss. Without treatment, abscesses can cause complications like empyema or bronchopleural fistula.
lung abscess
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis and formation of cavities greater than 2cm in the lung tissue caused by microbial infection. It is often caused by aspiration during anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness. Risk factors include age, male sex, and conditions like periodontal disease or dysphagia. Symptoms include cough with foul sputum, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-ray or CT scan showing spherical areas of density and air-fluid levels. Treatment is generally broad spectrum antibiotics for 6-8 weeks along with drainage procedures in some cases.
Lungs abscess
1. Lung abscess is a localized necrotic lesion in the lung tissue containing pus, generally caused by aspiration of anaerobic bacteria. It starts as pneumonia, with areas of lung tissue dying off and forming cavities containing pus.
2. Symptoms include fever, cough, sputum production, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays and CT scans to identify fluid-filled cavities.
3. Treatment depends on the size and includes antibiotics, drainage of large abscesses through the chest wall, and surgery if complications occur.
Pneumonia, lung abscess, bronchiectasis
This document provides information on pneumonia, lung abscess, and bronchiectasis. It discusses the clinical classification, pathophysiology, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of pneumonia. It also covers the etiology, symptoms and diagnosis, and management of lung abscess. Finally, it discusses the introduction, etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, and management of bronchiectasis.
Lung Abscess, Pulmonolgy
Abstract Lung Abscess is a liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and arrangement of cavitation (in excess of 2 cm) containing necrotic debris and liquid brought about by parenchymal infection. It very well may be brought about by yearning, which may happen during changed cognizance and it for the most part causes a discharge filled depression. In addition, liquor addiction is the most widely recognized condition inclining to lung abscesses. Lung abscess is viewed as essential (60%) when it comes about because of existing lung parenchymal process and is named auxiliary when it entangles another procedure, e.g., vascular emboli or follows rupture of extrapulmonary abscess into lung. There are a few imaging strategies which can distinguish the material inside the thorax, for example, electronic tomography (CT) output of the thorax and ultrasound of the thorax. Broad Spectrum anti-biotics to cover blended vegetation is the pillar of treatment. Pneumonic physiotherapy and postural drainage are additionally significant. Surgeries are required in specific patients for pneumonic resection Keywords: Lung abscess, anti-bodies, video-assissted thoracoscopic medical procedure (VATS), thoracoscopy
Bronchitis
This document discusses bronchitis in children, including defining bronchitis, causes, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It describes bronchitis as an inflammatory disease of the bronchi mucous membrane causing cough and sputum production. The document outlines infectious and non-infectious causes and provides details on viral, bacterial, and mixed etiologies. It recommends treatment approaches including antiviral medications, antibiotics, and medications to reduce inflammation and normalize mucus secretion and cough.
BRONCHIECTASIS
This document discusses bronchiectasis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that bronchiectasis involves the permanent and abnormal dilation of the medium-sized bronchi. There are three main theories for its causes: atelectasis, mucus plugging, and traction from lung fibrosis. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, breathlessness, and fever. Diagnosis involves tests like sputum culture, chest X-ray, and HRCT scan. Treatment consists of antibiotics, bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, and addressing underlying causes. Chest physiotherapy helps clear secretions through techniques like postural drainage and directed coughing.
Empyema om new
Pyothorax, also known as empyema or purulent pleuritis, is a condition where pus accumulates in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection spreading from the lungs. There are three stages: exudative, fibrinopurulent, and organizing. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays, CT scans, and thoracentesis to analyze pleural fluid. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus, and sometimes surgery to remove infected areas. Complications can include spread of infection to other areas or sepsis.
Lung abscess
This document discusses lung abscesses, which occur when microbial infection causes necrosis and cavitation of lung tissue. There are two main types: primary lung abscesses arise from aspiration of oral bacteria and usually affect middle-aged men with risk factors like alcoholism or gastroesophageal reflux; secondary lung abscesses have an underlying cause like obstruction or immunosuppression. Symptoms include fever, cough, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest imaging like x-ray or CT scan. Primary abscesses are generally treated with antibiotics like clindamycin or beta-lactam combinations for 3-14 weeks. Secondary abscesses require treatment of the underlying condition as well as antibiotics targeting the identified pathogen. Complications can include recurrence,
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
A condition characterized by chronic permanent dilation & destruction of bronchi due to destructive changes in the elastic and muscular layers of bronchial walls.
The common thread in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis consists of difficulty clearing secretions & recurrent infections with a “vicious circle” of infection and inflammation resulting in airway injury and remodelling.
PLEASE REFER TO REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS FOR CLARITY.
PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIECTASIS BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MED...
PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIECTASIS BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MED...Prof Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar
Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar associate professor medicine chinkipora sopore kashmir presently working in malaysia speaks about bronchiectasis.Bronchiectasis which is defined as the irreversible dilatation of the cartilage-containing airways bronchi or bronchioles.Bronchiectasis
1. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by the permanent dilatation of the bronchi caused by recurrent infection and inflammation.
2. There are three main types of bronchiectasis - cylindrical, varicose, and saccular/cystic.
3. Surgery is an option for treating bronchiectasis in selected patients, including those with focal, unremitting disease amenable to lobectomy, or those presenting with massive hemoptysis. The goal of surgery is complete resection of affected areas.
Empyema narthananan
This document discusses empyema, a type of pleural infection. It begins by outlining the aims and introduction. It then covers the pathogenesis and types of paraneumonic pleural effusions. Diagnosis involves thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis. Common causative bacteria include streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobes. Treatment requires accurate diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy guided by cultures, drainage of infected material via chest tube, and potential intrapleural therapies. Complications can arise if not properly treated.
Lung abscess
Lung abscess or pulmonary abscess is a local suppurative process within the lung.
It is characterized by accumulation of pus accompanied by the destruction of lung tissue.
Content:
Definition
Etiology and pathogenesis
Morphology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic findings
Prevention
Management
LUNG ABSCESS
Lung abscess is a localized area of lung tissue necrosis and pus formation that can be either primary or secondary. Primary lung abscesses usually develop from aspiration of infected material and are often single and large, located in the lower right lung lobe. Secondary lung abscesses are usually multiple and small, developing post-pneumonia or following septic embolism. Lung abscesses are caused by bacteria like streptococci, staphylococci, and gram-negative organisms introduced via aspiration, preceding lung infection, bronchial obstruction, septic embolism, or direct extension from other sites. Lung abscesses vary in size and can be acute, with poorly-defined ragged walls, or chronic
Inflammation(3)
This document discusses surgical infections of the thorax, including pathology, investigations, treatments, and specific conditions. It covers topics such as the stages of empyema (exudative, fibrino purulent, organizing), classifications of inflammatory diseases of the thorax (infections of the container vs contents), and treatments for specific infections like tuberculosis of the ribs and actinomycosis. Empyema treatment options discussed include antibiotics, tube thoracostomy, fibrinolytic therapy, VATS, rib resection, decortication, and thoracoplasty.
CT Chest: Lung abscess
The document discusses a case of a patient presenting with left sided chest pain and fever and breathlessness who was found to have a loculated effusion and abscess in the left lower lobe of the lung. It provides differential diagnoses for the condition and discusses the medical and surgical treatment and management of lung abscesses, including appropriate antibiotic therapy over 4-6 weeks, indications for surgery, and generally favorable prognosis with over 90% being cured medically.
5 diseases of the lung pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue that causes symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Bacterial pneumonias often start as a primary infection in the bronchioles and spread within the lungs. Viral pneumonias typically cause a primary infection of the bronchioles as well but spread differently, resulting in interstitial pneumonia. The pathology of pneumonia interferes with gas exchange in the lungs, which can lead to hypoxemia, cyanosis, and respiratory distress if severe. Clinical signs depend on the causative agent and stage of illness, and may include fever, cough, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and lung sounds
5 diseases of the lung pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue that causes symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Bacterial pneumonias often start as a primary infection in the bronchioles and spread within the lungs. Viral pneumonias typically cause a primary infection of the bronchioles as well but spread differently, resulting in interstitial pneumonia. The pathology of pneumonia interferes with gas exchange in the lungs, which can lead to hypoxemia, cyanosis, and respiratory distress if severe. Clinical signs depend on the causative agent and stage of illness, and may include fever, cough, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and lung sounds
Respiratory pathology harshmohan
This document discusses pneumonia and emphysema. It provides details on pneumonia, including the pathogenesis, etiology, classification, and features of lobar pneumonia. Pneumonia is defined as acute lung inflammation distal to the terminal bronchioles. It is commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, or other factors. Lobar pneumonia specifically involves inflammation of an entire lung lobe. It is usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and presents as distinct pathological phases from congestion to resolution. Complications can include organization of exudate, pleural effusions, empyema, or lung abscesses.
More Related Content
What's hot
Empyema
This document discusses empyema, which is an accumulation of thick, purulent fluid in the pleural space caused by bacterial pneumonia, lung abscess, chest trauma, or surgery. Common organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pneumoniae. Empyema develops from a parapneumonic effusion through exudative, fibrino-purulent, and organizing stages. Symptoms include fever, chest pain, and dyspnea. Diagnosis involves imaging and culture of pleural fluid. Treatment requires drainage of fluid, antibiotics for 10-14 days intravenously or longer orally, and oxygen. Nursing diagnoses relate to impaired gas exchange, acute pain, and risk for activity intolerance.
Cavitatoy lung lesions
Cavitary lung lesions can have various causes including cancer, infection, autoimmune disease, vascular embolism, and trauma. On imaging, characteristics like wall thickness, inner contour, location, and other associated findings provide clues to the underlying etiology. Malignant processes tend to have thicker walls over 15mm while benign lesions usually have thinner walls under 4mm. Infectious cavities often have irregular inner walls and may contain fluid levels. Autoimmune diseases typically cause multiple bilateral nodules. The clinical context is also important for determining the most likely diagnosis.
2.lung abscess
1. A lung abscess is a localized collection of pus and necrotic lung tissue caused by a mixed infection, most commonly by Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, or anaerobic bacteria.
2. Lung abscesses typically form after aspiration of infected oropharyngeal contents or following severe pneumonia.
3. Clinical presentation includes fever, cough, foul-smelling sputum, chest pain, and weight loss. Without treatment, abscesses can cause complications like empyema or bronchopleural fistula.
lung abscess
Lung abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis and formation of cavities greater than 2cm in the lung tissue caused by microbial infection. It is often caused by aspiration during anesthesia, sedation, or unconsciousness. Risk factors include age, male sex, and conditions like periodontal disease or dysphagia. Symptoms include cough with foul sputum, chest pain, fever, and weight loss. Diagnosis involves imaging like x-ray or CT scan showing spherical areas of density and air-fluid levels. Treatment is generally broad spectrum antibiotics for 6-8 weeks along with drainage procedures in some cases.
Lungs abscess
1. Lung abscess is a localized necrotic lesion in the lung tissue containing pus, generally caused by aspiration of anaerobic bacteria. It starts as pneumonia, with areas of lung tissue dying off and forming cavities containing pus.
2. Symptoms include fever, cough, sputum production, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays and CT scans to identify fluid-filled cavities.
3. Treatment depends on the size and includes antibiotics, drainage of large abscesses through the chest wall, and surgery if complications occur.
Pneumonia, lung abscess, bronchiectasis
This document provides information on pneumonia, lung abscess, and bronchiectasis. It discusses the clinical classification, pathophysiology, etiology, risk factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of pneumonia. It also covers the etiology, symptoms and diagnosis, and management of lung abscess. Finally, it discusses the introduction, etiology, clinical manifestations and diagnosis, and management of bronchiectasis.
Lung Abscess, Pulmonolgy
Abstract Lung Abscess is a liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue and arrangement of cavitation (in excess of 2 cm) containing necrotic debris and liquid brought about by parenchymal infection. It very well may be brought about by yearning, which may happen during changed cognizance and it for the most part causes a discharge filled depression. In addition, liquor addiction is the most widely recognized condition inclining to lung abscesses. Lung abscess is viewed as essential (60%) when it comes about because of existing lung parenchymal process and is named auxiliary when it entangles another procedure, e.g., vascular emboli or follows rupture of extrapulmonary abscess into lung. There are a few imaging strategies which can distinguish the material inside the thorax, for example, electronic tomography (CT) output of the thorax and ultrasound of the thorax. Broad Spectrum anti-biotics to cover blended vegetation is the pillar of treatment. Pneumonic physiotherapy and postural drainage are additionally significant. Surgeries are required in specific patients for pneumonic resection Keywords: Lung abscess, anti-bodies, video-assissted thoracoscopic medical procedure (VATS), thoracoscopy
Bronchitis
This document discusses bronchitis in children, including defining bronchitis, causes, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment approaches. It describes bronchitis as an inflammatory disease of the bronchi mucous membrane causing cough and sputum production. The document outlines infectious and non-infectious causes and provides details on viral, bacterial, and mixed etiologies. It recommends treatment approaches including antiviral medications, antibiotics, and medications to reduce inflammation and normalize mucus secretion and cough.
BRONCHIECTASIS
This document discusses bronchiectasis, including its definition, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment. It notes that bronchiectasis involves the permanent and abnormal dilation of the medium-sized bronchi. There are three main theories for its causes: atelectasis, mucus plugging, and traction from lung fibrosis. Symptoms include cough, sputum production, breathlessness, and fever. Diagnosis involves tests like sputum culture, chest X-ray, and HRCT scan. Treatment consists of antibiotics, bronchodilators, chest physiotherapy, and addressing underlying causes. Chest physiotherapy helps clear secretions through techniques like postural drainage and directed coughing.
Empyema om new
Pyothorax, also known as empyema or purulent pleuritis, is a condition where pus accumulates in the pleural space between the lungs and chest wall. It is usually caused by a bacterial infection spreading from the lungs. There are three stages: exudative, fibrinopurulent, and organizing. Diagnosis involves chest x-rays, CT scans, and thoracentesis to analyze pleural fluid. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus, and sometimes surgery to remove infected areas. Complications can include spread of infection to other areas or sepsis.
Lung abscess
This document discusses lung abscesses, which occur when microbial infection causes necrosis and cavitation of lung tissue. There are two main types: primary lung abscesses arise from aspiration of oral bacteria and usually affect middle-aged men with risk factors like alcoholism or gastroesophageal reflux; secondary lung abscesses have an underlying cause like obstruction or immunosuppression. Symptoms include fever, cough, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves chest imaging like x-ray or CT scan. Primary abscesses are generally treated with antibiotics like clindamycin or beta-lactam combinations for 3-14 weeks. Secondary abscesses require treatment of the underlying condition as well as antibiotics targeting the identified pathogen. Complications can include recurrence,
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
A condition characterized by chronic permanent dilation & destruction of bronchi due to destructive changes in the elastic and muscular layers of bronchial walls.
The common thread in the pathogenesis of bronchiectasis consists of difficulty clearing secretions & recurrent infections with a “vicious circle” of infection and inflammation resulting in airway injury and remodelling.
PLEASE REFER TO REFERENCE TEXTBOOKS FOR CLARITY.
PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIECTASIS BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MED...
PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIECTASIS BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MED...Prof Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar
Dr Bashir Ahmed Dar associate professor medicine chinkipora sopore kashmir presently working in malaysia speaks about bronchiectasis.Bronchiectasis which is defined as the irreversible dilatation of the cartilage-containing airways bronchi or bronchioles.Bronchiectasis
1. Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition characterized by the permanent dilatation of the bronchi caused by recurrent infection and inflammation.
2. There are three main types of bronchiectasis - cylindrical, varicose, and saccular/cystic.
3. Surgery is an option for treating bronchiectasis in selected patients, including those with focal, unremitting disease amenable to lobectomy, or those presenting with massive hemoptysis. The goal of surgery is complete resection of affected areas.
Empyema narthananan
This document discusses empyema, a type of pleural infection. It begins by outlining the aims and introduction. It then covers the pathogenesis and types of paraneumonic pleural effusions. Diagnosis involves thoracentesis and pleural fluid analysis. Common causative bacteria include streptococcus, staphylococcus aureus, and anaerobes. Treatment requires accurate diagnosis, appropriate antibiotic therapy guided by cultures, drainage of infected material via chest tube, and potential intrapleural therapies. Complications can arise if not properly treated.
Lung abscess
Lung abscess or pulmonary abscess is a local suppurative process within the lung.
It is characterized by accumulation of pus accompanied by the destruction of lung tissue.
Content:
Definition
Etiology and pathogenesis
Morphology
Clinical Features
Diagnostic findings
Prevention
Management
LUNG ABSCESS
Lung abscess is a localized area of lung tissue necrosis and pus formation that can be either primary or secondary. Primary lung abscesses usually develop from aspiration of infected material and are often single and large, located in the lower right lung lobe. Secondary lung abscesses are usually multiple and small, developing post-pneumonia or following septic embolism. Lung abscesses are caused by bacteria like streptococci, staphylococci, and gram-negative organisms introduced via aspiration, preceding lung infection, bronchial obstruction, septic embolism, or direct extension from other sites. Lung abscesses vary in size and can be acute, with poorly-defined ragged walls, or chronic
Inflammation(3)
This document discusses surgical infections of the thorax, including pathology, investigations, treatments, and specific conditions. It covers topics such as the stages of empyema (exudative, fibrino purulent, organizing), classifications of inflammatory diseases of the thorax (infections of the container vs contents), and treatments for specific infections like tuberculosis of the ribs and actinomycosis. Empyema treatment options discussed include antibiotics, tube thoracostomy, fibrinolytic therapy, VATS, rib resection, decortication, and thoracoplasty.
CT Chest: Lung abscess
The document discusses a case of a patient presenting with left sided chest pain and fever and breathlessness who was found to have a loculated effusion and abscess in the left lower lobe of the lung. It provides differential diagnoses for the condition and discusses the medical and surgical treatment and management of lung abscesses, including appropriate antibiotic therapy over 4-6 weeks, indications for surgery, and generally favorable prognosis with over 90% being cured medically.
What's hot (19)
PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIECTASIS BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MED...
PATHOGENESIS OF BRONCHIECTASIS BY DR BASHIR AHMED DAR ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR MED...
Similar to Lung abscess
5 diseases of the lung pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue that causes symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Bacterial pneumonias often start as a primary infection in the bronchioles and spread within the lungs. Viral pneumonias typically cause a primary infection of the bronchioles as well but spread differently, resulting in interstitial pneumonia. The pathology of pneumonia interferes with gas exchange in the lungs, which can lead to hypoxemia, cyanosis, and respiratory distress if severe. Clinical signs depend on the causative agent and stage of illness, and may include fever, cough, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and lung sounds
5 diseases of the lung pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammation of the lung tissue that causes symptoms like cough, difficulty breathing, and fever. It can be caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or parasites. Bacterial pneumonias often start as a primary infection in the bronchioles and spread within the lungs. Viral pneumonias typically cause a primary infection of the bronchioles as well but spread differently, resulting in interstitial pneumonia. The pathology of pneumonia interferes with gas exchange in the lungs, which can lead to hypoxemia, cyanosis, and respiratory distress if severe. Clinical signs depend on the causative agent and stage of illness, and may include fever, cough, nasal discharge, labored breathing, and lung sounds
Respiratory pathology harshmohan
This document discusses pneumonia and emphysema. It provides details on pneumonia, including the pathogenesis, etiology, classification, and features of lobar pneumonia. Pneumonia is defined as acute lung inflammation distal to the terminal bronchioles. It is commonly caused by bacteria, viruses, or other factors. Lobar pneumonia specifically involves inflammation of an entire lung lobe. It is usually caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae and presents as distinct pathological phases from congestion to resolution. Complications can include organization of exudate, pleural effusions, empyema, or lung abscesses.
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis is a chronic lung condition defined by abnormal dilatation of the bronchi. It can be caused by infections, genetic conditions, or other lung diseases that damage the airways. People with bronchiectasis commonly produce large amounts of sputum and experience recurrent lung infections. Diagnosis is made through chest imaging like CT scans. Treatment focuses on airway clearance and controlling infections with antibiotics. Surgical options are available for severe cases involving hemorrhage or localized disease.
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The document discusses several respiratory conditions including pneumonia, tuberculosis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and asthma. It provides details on the pathogenesis and morphology of pneumonia and tuberculosis, including the different types of pneumonia, typical causative organisms and clinical features. It also discusses the pathogenesis of tuberculosis, including how the bacteria infect macrophages and the immune response involving T helper 1 cells and granuloma formation. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma are also briefly introduced.
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
This document discusses chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), describing its pathology and the changes that occur in the lungs. COPD involves pathological changes in the central airways, peripheral airways, lung parenchyma, and pulmonary vasculature. In the central airways, there is goblet cell and mucous gland hyperplasia leading to excessive mucus production. In the peripheral airways, bronchiolitis and fibrosis occur. Emphysema involves the destruction of lung parenchyma and loss of alveoli. Changes in the pulmonary vasculature include intimal hyperplasia, smooth muscle hypertrophy, and destruction of the capillary bed. Smoking is a major risk factor for COPD
2 anesthesia superative lung disease ble
Bronchiectasis, lung abscess, and empyema are suppurative lung diseases characterized by the presence of pus within the lung parenchyma. Bronchiectasis is abnormal, permanent dilation of the bronchi caused by destruction of bronchial walls, often secondary to infection. Lung abscess is a localized, suppurative cavity in the lung caused by conditions like pneumonia or aspiration. Empyema is pus within the pleural space caused by spread of infection from pneumonia or a lung abscess into the pleural space. These conditions are diagnosed through imaging, sputum analysis, and other tests and treated with antibiotics, drainage procedures, or surgery depending on the severity and cause of infection.
Gwen med surg pneumonia final
This document provides information on pneumonia and lung abscess from a seminar presentation. It begins with an introduction to pneumonia, defining it as an infection of the lungs. It then discusses the incidence of pneumonia globally and in various countries. Etiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, classification, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and management of pneumonia are explained. It also provides detail on lung abscess including definition, risk factors, pathophysiology, signs and symptoms, complications, diagnosis, and management. Surgical interventions for complications like empyema are also mentioned.
pneumonia.pptx
Pneumonia is inflammation of the lung tissue distal to the terminal bronchioles. Microorganisms enter the lungs through inhalation, aspiration, hematogenous spread, or direct spread. The lungs are normally protected by defense mechanisms, but pneumonia can occur when these are compromised by factors like altered consciousness, impaired coughing or mucus transport, or immune dysfunction. Pathologically, lobar pneumonia progresses through stages of congestion, red and gray hepatization as inflammation and consolidation occur, and finally resolution as the exudate is cleared. Complications include fibrosis, effusions, abscesses, or metastatic infection.
Lesson 12 - pulmanary diseases_09091017.pptx
About the path to the uska screenshot of the uska screenshot of the uska screenshot of the uska screenshot of the uska screenshot of the uska screenshot of the uska
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is inflammation of the lungs caused by various bacterial, viral and other pathogens. It can develop through several routes of entry including inhalation, aspiration or spread from other sites. The lungs have defense mechanisms but these can be impaired by factors like smoking, viruses or immunocompromise. Pneumonia is classified based on location in the lungs (lobar, bronchopneumonia), clinical setting (community vs. hospital acquired) or cause. Bacterial pneumonias like those caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae can cause lobar or bronchopneumonia with distinct pathological stages including congestion, hepatization and resolution. Symptoms include fever, cough and chest pain.
Pulmonology revision dr.ahmed-mowafy
This document lists causes and diagnostic considerations for various pulmonary conditions. It includes 35 topics to briefly discuss, such as causes of pleural effusion, pneumonia, pneumothorax, and more. It also provides 23 "give reasons" questions addressing issues like symptoms in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chest pain in lung cancer, and jaundice in different respiratory diseases. The document serves as an outline of key pulmonary content for a medical student or resident to review.
LUNG ABSCESS.pptx
This document discusses lung abscess, including definitions, classifications, causes, risk factors, clinical manifestations, investigations, and management. It begins with defining pneumonia and classifying it based on anatomy and pathogen. Common causes of pneumonia by age group and risk factors are discussed. Clinical manifestations of pneumonia include fever, cough, chest pain, and dyspnea. The document then defines a lung abscess and classifies it as acute or chronic based on duration and etiology. Causes include aspiration, bronchial obstruction, and spread from other sites of infection. Risk factors for gram-negative colonization are listed. Symptoms of a lung abscess include cough, foul sputum, hemoptysis, and chest pain. Invest
Lungabscess 171204080119
Lung abscesses can be classified based on duration, etiology, pathogen, and location. Acute abscesses present within 2 weeks and are usually caused by virulent bacteria like S. aureus, while chronic abscesses last over 4-6 weeks and may be caused by tumors or less virulent anaerobes. Lung abscesses are most commonly caused by aspiration of infected materials or inadequately treated pneumonia. Common pathogens include anaerobic bacteria like Prevotella species and aerobic bacteria like S. aureus. Symptoms vary from indolent over weeks to acute, with subacute onset associated with aspiration.
RS Lecture 3.ppt
This document discusses various types of pulmonary infections (pneumonias). It begins by defining pneumonia as inflammation and consolidation of the lung parenchyma. It then describes different types of pneumonia including community-acquired bacterial pneumonia, atypical pneumonia, hospital-acquired pneumonia, aspiration pneumonia, and fungal and viral pneumonias. For each type, it discusses causative organisms, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, pathology, diagnosis and treatment. It provides detailed descriptions and microscopic images of different stages of lobar pneumonia, bronchopneumonia, and infectious processes like histoplasmosis, aspergillosis, and cryptococcosis.
Pneumonia Radiology
This pneumonia ppt is basically focused on radiological point od view.... but you can find almost everything here except treatment...
Common suppurative diseases of lung- Bronchiectasis...!
Bronchiectasis is a condition characterized by irreversible dilation of part of the bronchial tree due to damage to elastic and muscular components, usually from acute or chronic infection. It requires both an infectious insult and impaired drainage or airway obstruction. Symptoms include daily cough and sputum production. Diagnosis involves chest imaging showing abnormal lung signs and high-resolution CT scanning. Treatment focuses on controlling infections with antibiotics and clearing secretions. Complications can include lung damage and recurrent pneumonia.
Lecture the lungs preethi_surendran_ss
This document provides an overview of the anatomy, histology, and pathology of the respiratory system. It begins with the normal anatomy and histology of the lungs and trachea. It then discusses various pathological conditions including atelectasis, acute lung injury, diffuse pulmonary diseases such as obstructive diseases like emphysema and restrictive diseases like idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It also covers pulmonary infections, tumors, and diseases of vascular origin. For each condition, it provides details on pathogenesis, morphology, and clinical presentation.
Respiratory dis. presentation1 for gen path copy (2)
1) Respiratory diseases are mainly caused by inhalation of infectious agents, allergens, irritants, and carcinogens. The lungs are open to the environment and lack regenerative abilities.
2) Chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD) include chronic bronchitis, emphysema, bronchiectasis, and asthma. Tobacco smoke is a major cause and leads to airway obstruction.
3) Pneumonia can result from impaired pulmonary defenses and host resistance. Bacterial and viral pathogens are common causes and treatment involves antibiotics and supportive care.
Lung abscess
This document provides information on lung abscesses, including:
- Dr. David Smith postulated in the 1920s that aspiration of oral bacteria was the main mechanism of lung abscess infection.
- A lung abscess is a localized area of lung tissue destruction greater than 2cm in diameter caused by pyogenic bacterial infection.
- In the pre-antibiotic era, 1/3 of lung abscess patients died, another 1/3 recovered, and the remaining 1/3 developed chronic illnesses.
- Risk factors include dental/sinus infections, impaired swallowing, gastric issues, and pre-existing lung diseases. Common causative organisms are described.
Similar to Lung abscess (20)
Common suppurative diseases of lung- Bronchiectasis...!
Common suppurative diseases of lung- Bronchiectasis...!
Respiratory dis. presentation1 for gen path copy (2)
Respiratory dis. presentation1 for gen path copy (2)
More from AsmiRoychowdhury
Respiratory tract infections
This document discusses respiratory tract infections, including upper respiratory tract infections (URTIs) and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs). URTIs involve the upper respiratory tract including the nose, sinuses, pharynx and larynx, and commonly include the common cold, tonsillitis, laryngitis and sinusitis. LRTIs involve the trachea, bronchi and lungs and include bronchitis and pneumonia. Common symptoms of URTIs are cough, runny nose, sore throat and low-grade fever. Viruses and bacteria are common causes. Treatment involves medications, home remedies and managing symptoms.
Peritonsilar abscess
A peritonsillar abscess is a collection of pus between the tonsillar capsule and surrounding tissues, usually developing after an acute tonsillar infection progresses to a local infection and abscess. Symptoms include pain and difficulty swallowing, and examination shows swelling of the soft palate and tonsillar hypertrophy. Diagnosis involves aspirating pus for culture and Gram stain. Treatment consists of antibiotics which may resolve it, or incising and draining the abscess if delayed. Nursing care focuses on pain relief through topical anesthetics, throat irrigation and cool liquids.
Unconsciousness 150317014129-conversion-gate01
Unconsciousness is an abnormal state where the patient is unaware of their surroundings and can range from momentary to lasting months. It can be caused by structural brain lesions, metabolic disorders, or psychogenic factors. Management involves following ABCs - airway, breathing, circulation, giving oxygen, IV access, stabilizing the cervical spine, checking blood glucose, controlling seizures, and considering IV treatments like glucose, thiamine, naloxone or flumazenil. Further examination, history, and diagnostic tests are needed to investigate the underlying cause and plan additional treatment.
Conversion disorder
Conversion disorder is characterized by neurological symptoms that cannot be explained by medical causes. Instead, psychological stressors are associated with the onset of symptoms. Patients are unaware of the psychological basis and cannot consciously control their symptoms. Common symptoms include paralysis, abnormal movements, seizures, and sensory disturbances. Diagnosis involves ruling out physical disorders and assessing for dissociation. Treatment options include psychotherapy, hypnosis, and supportive therapy.
Acutedyspnea 170104145732
Dyspnea is defined as an uncomfortable need to breathe and is a common complaint in cardiopulmonary diseases. Causes of acute dyspnea include pulmonary issues like pneumonia, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, asthma, and COPD, as well as cardiac causes like pulmonary edema. Diagnosis involves history, clinical exam, and potential investigations. Management depends on the underlying cause but may include positioning, relaxation techniques, humidified air, opioids for relief, oxygen therapy, and specific treatments targeted at the condition causing dyspnea.
Post traumatic stress disorder
Post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is characterized by hyperarousal, re-experiencing traumatic events, and avoiding reminders of extreme stressors like war, assault, or disasters. PTSD develops in some individuals after experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event involving threat of death or serious injury. Symptoms include intense fear and flashbacks following the event, emotional numbness, insomnia, and impaired social or work functioning. Treatment involves antidepressants, anti-anxiety drugs, trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy, exposure therapy, and family or group psychotherapy. Nurses aim to establish trust, encourage expression of grief, and help patients move from physical to verbal expressions of anger.
Shock
Circulatory shock occurs when blood volume is displaced in the vasculature, causing hypovolemia and decreased cardiac output. There are three main types: septic shock (caused by infection), neurogenic shock (caused by loss of sympathetic tone), and anaphylactic shock (caused by allergic reaction). Septic shock is the most common and results from an immune response to infection that causes widespread vasodilation and capillary leakage. Treatment involves identifying and treating the infection, restoring intravascular volume, and providing supportive care.
Stages of shock
Shock is divided into four stages: initial, compensatory, progressive, and irreversible. In the compensatory stage, the body attempts to maintain blood pressure through mechanisms like vasoconstriction and increased heart rate. As shock worsens in the progressive stage, organ function begins to deteriorate. The irreversible stage occurs when damage is too severe to respond to treatment and organ failure leads to death.
Hyperkalemia
Hyperkalemia, or high serum potassium levels, can have serious cardiac effects and is usually more dangerous than hypokalemia. The most important consequence of hyperkalemia is its effect on the myocardium, with cardiac conduction disturbances occurring as potassium levels rise above 7-8 mEq/L. Diagnosis involves measuring serum potassium levels and obtaining an electrocardiogram to detect changes. Treatment aims to lower potassium levels through intravenous calcium gluconate, sodium bicarbonate, insulin with dextrose, and dialysis if needed.
General anxiety disorder
Generalized anxiety disorder is characterized by persistent and excessive worry and anxiety about everyday life events. It is the most common neurotic disorder and occurs more frequently in women. Genetic factors, biochemical imbalances, maladaptive thought patterns, and learned responses all contribute to the development and maintenance of generalized anxiety disorder. Symptoms include motor tension, autonomic arousal, worry, restlessness, and disturbances in gastrointestinal, respiratory, cardiovascular, genitourinary, and sleep systems. Treatment involves pharmacotherapy like benzodiazepines and SSRIs as well as cognitive behavioral therapy. Nursing care focuses on comprehensive assessment and addressing physical and psychological symptoms.
Asthma
This document defines asthma as a chronic lung disorder marked by recurring episodes of airway obstruction triggered by hypersensitivity to various stimuli. It then discusses the different types of asthma including allergic, non-allergic, cough variant, occupational, and exercise-induced asthma. The rest of the document covers asthma triggers, symptoms, diagnosis, management, and treatment.
Lung abscess
Lung abscess is a localized necrotic lesion in the lung parenchyma containing pus that forms a cavity. It is generally caused by aspiration of anaerobic bacteria. The most commonly affected areas are the lower lobes and upper lobes posteriorly. Lung abscesses are usually caused by aspiration of oral/gastric contents but can also be caused by septic emboli, necrotizing pneumonia, or underlying conditions like granulomatosis. Symptoms include cough with foul sputum, fever, chest pain, and shortness of breath. Diagnosis involves lab tests showing inflammation and imaging showing increased density, cavitation, or fibrosis. Treatment is generally broad-spectrum antibiotics with drainage procedures for
Bronchitis
Bronchitis is inflammation of the bronchi. It can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis often occurs with a cold or flu and is characterized by cough with mucus. Chronic bronchitis lasts more than 3 months per year for over 2 years and is usually caused by smoking or air pollution. Symptoms include productive cough. Treatment involves antibiotics for bacterial infections, bronchodilators to open airways, mucolytics to thin mucus, steroids to reduce inflammation, and pulmonary rehabilitation. Nursing care focuses on breathing treatments, pulmonary hygiene, comfort measures, and health education. Preventing bronchitis involves avoiding tobacco smoke, managing diet, hand washing, and using a humidifier.
Pneumonia
Pneumonia is an inflammatory process of the lung parenchyma that is commonly caused by infectious agents like bacteria, viruses, or due to aspiration. It is classified based on its causes and the areas of lung involvement. Common symptoms include fever, cough with purulent sputum, shortness of breath, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves physical examination, chest x-ray, and tests of sputum or blood samples. Treatment depends on the causative agent but generally involves antibiotics, oxygen therapy, and chest physiotherapy. Nursing care focuses on preventing infection spread, maintaining nutrition, clearing secretions, and providing patient education.
Phobic anxiety disorder
Phobic anxiety disorder is characterized by an irrational and persistent fear of a specific object, situation, or activity. There are several types of phobias, including simple phobias where one fears a specific stimulus, social phobia involving fear of social situations, and agoraphobia which is a fear of being in places where escape may be difficult. Phobias are treated through pharmacotherapy using benzodiazepines or antidepressants as well as behavior therapy and psychotherapy to help patients overcome their irrational fears. Nursing care involves assessing symptoms and triggers, providing education, and addressing safety and social needs.
Prolonged labour
This document defines labor and its stages, signs of prolonged labor, causes of prolonged labor in the first and second stages, effects of prolonged labor on mother and baby, prevention and management of prolonged labor. Labor is defined as a series of events leading to the expulsion of the fetus from the uterus through the vagina. Prolonged labor is diagnosed when the first stage lasts over 12 hours or cervical dilation is less than 1cm/hr for primiparous women or 1.5cm/hr for multiparous women. Causes include problems with uterine contractions, the pelvis, or the fetus. Prevention focuses on early detection and intervention if needed. Management evaluates for causes and effects then treats any issues while carefully
Mood disorder
Mood disorders are characterized by disturbances in mood, such as depression or mania, that are not caused by other medical conditions. Major types include major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and persistent depressive disorder. They involve changes in mood, thought patterns, physical symptoms, and behaviors. Treatment may include medication and psychotherapy to manage symptoms and prevent recurrence.
Schizophrenia
schizophrenia, types of schizophrenia, clinical features, and all the clinical types explain, diagnosis, treatment, nursing management
Organic mental disorders (Rama University)
This document discusses organic mental disorders, which are behavioral or psychological disorders associated with brain dysfunction. It describes various types of organic brain disorders like dementia, delirium, and others. Dementia in Alzheimer's disease is discussed in detail, including its etiology, symptoms, stages, diagnosis and treatment. Organic mental disorders are caused by physical changes or damage to the brain.
More from AsmiRoychowdhury (19)
Recently uploaded
Top-Vitamin-Supplement-Brands-in-India List
Swisschem Dermacare provides the Top 10 Vitamin Supplement Brands in India. To know more about us give us call at our official number
The Electrocardiogram - Physiologic Principles
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Muktapishti is a traditional Ayurvedic preparation made from Shoditha Mukta (Purified Pearl), is believed to help regulate thyroid function and reduce symptoms of hyperthyroidism due to its cooling and balancing properties. Clinical evidence on its efficacy remains limited, necessitating further research to validate its therapeutic benefits.
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
we have mentioned the best 10 ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups. You can check all these products and choose the best one for yourself.
A Classical Text Review on Basavarajeeyam
Basavarajeeyam is a Sreshta Sangraha grantha (Compiled book ), written by Neelkanta kotturu Basavaraja Virachita. It contains 25 Prakaranas, First 24 Chapters related to Rogas& 25th to Rasadravyas.
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptxMGM SCHOOL/COLLEGE OF NURSING
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations The Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India
Treat the symptoms of indigestion, heartburn and stomach reflux with the 10 Best Ayurvedic Antacid Tablets in India.
Adhd Medication Shortage Uk - trinexpharmacy.com
The UK is currently facing a Adhd Medication Shortage Uk, which has left many patients and their families grappling with uncertainty and frustration. ADHD, or Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, is a chronic condition that requires consistent medication to manage effectively. This shortage has highlighted the critical role these medications play in the daily lives of those affected by ADHD. Contact : +1 (747) 209 – 3649 E-mail : sales@trinexpharmacy.com
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Journal Article Review on Rasamanikya
Rasamanikya is a excellent preparation in the field of Rasashastra, it is used in various Kushtha Roga, Shwasa, Vicharchika, Bhagandara, Vatarakta, and Phiranga Roga. In this article Preparation& Comparative analytical profile for both Formulationon i.e Rasamanikya prepared by Kushmanda swarasa & Churnodhaka Shodita Haratala. The study aims to provide insights into the comparative efficacy and analytical aspects of these formulations for enhanced therapeutic outcomes.
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeProf. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...chandankumarsmartiso
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun Women Seeking Service
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Our aim is to organise conscious gatherings and retreats for open and inquisitive minds and souls, with and without the assistance of sacred plants.
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
• Pitfalls and pivots needed to use AI effectively in public health
• Evidence-based strategies to address health misinformation effectively
• Building trust with communities online and offline
• Equipping health professionals to address questions, concerns and health misinformation
• Assessing risk and mitigating harm from adverse health narratives in communities, health workforce and health system
ABDOMINAL TRAUMA in pediatrics part one.
Abdominal trauma in pediatrics refers to injuries or damage to the abdominal organs in children. It can occur due to various causes such as falls, motor vehicle accidents, sports-related injuries, and physical abuse. Children are more vulnerable to abdominal trauma due to their unique anatomical and physiological characteristics. Signs and symptoms include abdominal pain, tenderness, distension, vomiting, and signs of shock. Diagnosis involves physical examination, imaging studies, and laboratory tests. Management depends on the severity and may involve conservative treatment or surgical intervention. Prevention is crucial in reducing the incidence of abdominal trauma in children.
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Recently uploaded (20)
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Role of Mukta Pishti in the Management of Hyperthyroidism
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Top 10 Best Ayurvedic Kidney Stone Syrups in India
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Identification and nursing management of congenital malformations .pptx
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
#cALL# #gIRLS# In Dehradun ꧁❤8107221448❤꧂#cALL# #gIRLS# Service In Dehradun W...
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
Light House Retreats: Plant Medicine Retreat Europe
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
share - Lions, tigers, AI and health misinformation, oh my!.pptx
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control program
Lung abscess
- 3. LUNG ABSCESS: Lung Abscess is a localized necrotic lesion of the lung parenchyma containing purulent material that collapses and forms a cavity. It is generally caused by aspiration of anaerobic bacteria.
- 4. The areas of the lungs most commonly affected are : • The superior segment of the lower lobes. • The posterior segment of the upper lobes.
- 5. Causes of lung abscess: 1) Aspiration of oropharyngeal or gastric secretion. 2) Septic emboli. 3) Necrotizing pneumonia 4) Vasculities: granulomatosis 5) Necrotizing tumors 6) Gram negative organisms. (klebsiella)
- 6. 7) Anaerobic bacilli (Bacterorides) 8) Carcinoma of the lung 9) TB 10) Parasitic and fungal diseases of the lung.
- 7. Predisposing factors for aspiration Alcohol abuse Seizure disorders unconsciousness
- 8. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY Due to etiological factors Entry of micro-organisms in to the lungs Infection and inflammatory changes in lungs Necrosis of the lung tissue Tissue hypoxia Breathing impairment dyspnea
- 9. CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS: 1) Cough with foul smelling purulent sputum (Halitosis). 2) Fever with shivering 3) Night sweats 4) hemoptysis 5) Chest pain 6) Shortness of breath
- 10. 7) Lethargy 8) Finger clubbing 9) Fever 10) Leukocytosis 11) Dyspnea 12) Weakness 13) Anorexia 14) Weight loss
- 11. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION Laboratory studies Raised inflammatory markers (high ESR, CRP)
- 12. Con---------- Transtracheal or transbronchial (via bronchoscopy) aspirates can also be cultured. Fiber optic bronchoscopy is often performed to exclude obstructive lesion it also helps in bronchial drainage of pus.
- 13. Radiologic Findings CHEST RADIOGRAPH Increased density Cavity formation Cavity with air-fluid levels Fibrosis Pleural effusion
- 14. MANAGEMENT Treatment: antibiotics (often with surgical drainage). Clindamycin is a good choice . Penicillin G might be effective.
- 15. Con---------------- Broadspectrum antibiotic to cover mixed flora is the mainstay of treatment. Pulmonary physiotherapy and postural drainage are also important. Surgical procedures are required in selective patients for drainage or pulmonary resection.