This document outlines the steps for executing pipeline construction work and describes various types of pipe joints and jointing processes. The key steps for pipeline construction include alignment marking, land acquisition, excavation, trench preparation, pipe lowering, cleaning and jointing. There are three main types of joints - rigid, semi-rigid and flexible. Jointing processes vary depending on the pipe material but generally include welding, rubber rings, flanges and solvent cement. Proper jointing and testing is critical to ensure there are no leaks in the installed pipeline system.

1. Execution (construction) of Pipeline work
Steps to be follow-up
1. Alignment marking
2. ROU/ Land acquisition
3. Excavation
4. Preparation of trenches with safety measures.
5. Murrum bedding
6. Detection of cracks in pipes/ fittings
7. Lowering of pipes
8. Cleaning of pipes and fittings
9. Jointing
10. Testing
11. Pinging of instruments
12. Refilling

2. Lowering, laying and jointing of
pipeline
 Lowering
 Laying
 Jointing
 Pushing
 Testing

3. Joints
 Importance of joints
 Types of joints
 Testing of pipes

4. Types of joint
A. Rigid joints
 Welding joint,
 Flange joint,
 Threaded joint
B. Semi rigid joint
 Spigot and socket
C. Flexible joints
 Spigot and socket
 Rubber ring joints
 Tyton joints

5. Testing of Pipes
The field test pressure should not be less than
a. 1.5 times of the maximum sustain operating
pressure(Effective Head).
b. 1.5 times of the maximum pipeline static
pressure.
c. Some of maximum sustain operative pressure
and the maximum surge pressure.
d. Some of maximum pipeline static pressure and
the maximum surge pressure.
e. The field test pressure wherever possible,
should not be less than 2/3 of work test
pressure.

6. Pressure drop
Reasons:
Leakages, theft, air locking, blocking due to roots .
Preventive measures
Proper Joints, checking, Air valves , Regular O & M
Remedial measures
Remedial measures are depending upon the
causes.

7. Maximum allowable leakages
QL = ND √P/115
Where
QL= Allowable leakage in Cm3/hr
N = Numbers of joint
D = internal Dia of pipe in mm
P = The average test pressure in kg/Cm2

8. Jointing process
Steel Pipes:
By mean of welding
Welding by butt welds (for plain ended)
Welding by fillet welds (for grove)
Welding should be as per IS code
5822/1986

9. Jointing process
D.I. Pipes:
By mean of rubber rings
By mean of flange

10. Jointing process
A.C. Pipes:
By mean of CID Joints
By long collar, short collar
Coupling joints
By mean of rubber rings
By mean of flange

11. Jointing process
R.C.C. Pipes:
By mean of bandage joint
Spigot and socket joint
Collar joints
Flush joint
Jointing should be as per IS code 783/1985

12. Jointing process
Pre-stressed Cement Concrete Pipes:
By mean of rubber ring
By mean of bandage
Jointing should be as per IS code
784/1978

13. Jointing process
Bar wrapped Steel Cylinder Concrete
Pressure Pipes (BRSC):
By mean of welding
By mean of rubber ring

14. Jointing process
PVC Pipes:
By mean of solvent cement (coupler)
By mean of rubber ring
By mean of flange
By mean of threaded joints
By mean of CID joints
Jointing should be as per IS 4985/1988 and IS 7634 –
part-1,2,3

15. Jointing process
HDPE Pipes:
By mean of rubber ring
By mean of detachable joint
By mean of flange
By mean of threaded joints
Welding joints (by hot plate)
By mean of CID joints
Jointing should be as per IS

16. Jointing process
GRP Pipes:
By mean of coupling
By mean of socket and spigot
By mean of flange
By mean of butt and strep joint