The document discusses various problem solving heuristics for lower primary mathematics. It provides 14 examples of word problems demonstrating different heuristics students can use to solve problems, such as using tables, looking for patterns, guess and check, and breaking problems into steps. The heuristics allow students to systematically solve problems even if they are initially unfamiliar.

1. Problem Solving Heuristics for Lower Primary Mathematics Yeap Ban Har Catholic High School (Primary)

2. MATHEMATICAL PROBLEM SOLVING

4. The rationale of teaching mathematics is that it is “an excellent vehicle for the development and improvement of a person’s intellectual competence ”.

5. National Institute of Education

6. Wellington Primary School, Singapore Ministry of Education Singapore 2006 an excellent vehicle for the development and improvement of a person’s intellectual competence “ ” mathemati cs

7. Move 3 sticks to get two squares.

8. Move 3 sticks to get two squares.

9. Wellington Primary School, Singapore

10. Wellington Primary School, Singapore

11. Wellington Primary School, Singapore

12. Wellington Primary School, Singapore

13. Wellington Primary School, Singapore

14. Wellington Primary School, Singapore

15. John had 1.5 m of copper wire. He cut some of the wire to bend into the shape shown in the figure below. In the figure, there are 6 equilateral triangles and the length of XY is 19 cm. How much of the copper wire was left? 19 cm x 5 = 95 cm 150 cm – 95 cm = 55 cm

16. Example 1

17. F A M I L Y F A M I L Y F A M I L Y . . .

18. F A M I L Y F A M I L Y F A M I L Y . . . 6th 12th 18th What is the 50th letter?

19. Example 2

20. 104, 124, 144, 164, 184, . . .

21. 10 4, 12 4, 14 4, 16 4, 18 4, 20 4, . . .

22. 10 4, 12 4, 14 4, 16 4, 18 4, 20 4, 22 4, 24 4, 26 4, Position Number 1 10 2 12 3 14 4 16 5 18 … … 19 ?

23. Example 3

24. Even routine tasks such as finding the value of 7 x 9 are initially problems.

25.        2 x 9 = 18 5 x 9 = 45

26. Primary Mathematics Standards Edition

27. Example 4

28. 199 – 39 = 160 200 – 39 = ?

29. Example 5

30. 17 + 19                                    

31. 17 + 19 16 + 20                                    

32. Example 6

33. - 3

34. 100 - 97 3 101 - 98 3 102 - 99 3

35. - 5

36. 100 - 95 5 101 - 96 5 102 - 97 5 103 - 98 5 104 - 99 5

37. Children may do guess-and-check to get the solutions. Some children may observe a pattern / relationship. Guess-and-check and observe a pattern are examples of heuristics.

38. Example 7

40. Khon Kaen, Thailand

41. 4 1 5 2 3

42. Princess Elizabeth Primary School

43. Princess Elizabeth Primary School

44. Example 8

45. 2 4 5 Use a table is another problem-solving heuristic in mathematics. 2xx 4xx 5xx 245 254 425 452 524 542

46. Example 9

48. 1 5 4 2

49. Example 10

50. A cupcake is sold at 40 cents each. How many cupcakes can be bought using $1 coin?

51. Example 11

52. A cupcake is sold at 40 cents each. How many cupcakes can be bought using $95?

53. Example 12

54. Ali has 3 picture cards. Janice has 2 more cards than Ali. How many picture cards do they altogether? Ali Janice

55. Ali has 19 picture cards. Janice has 12 more cards than Ali. How many picture cards do they altogether? 19 Ali Janice 12

56. Ali has 19 picture cards. Janice has 12 more cards than Ali. How many picture cards do they altogether? 19 Ali Janice 12

57. Example 13

58. Alan has 19 picture cards. He has 12 more cards than Bala. How many picture cards do they altogether? 19 Alan Bala 12

59. Example 14

60. Roy has some picture cards. Samantha has 12 more cards than Roy. They have 20 cards altogether. How many cards does Samantha have? Roy Samantha 12 20