Loss of biodiversity
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Biodiversity is being lost at an alarming rate due to human activities like deforestation, expanding crop fields, and pollution. This loss of biodiversity threatens important ecosystem services like producing oxygen, absorbing carbon dioxide, providing raw materials, and supporting food chains. If current trends continue, many species that exist now may be extinct within 50 years.
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Threats to Biodiversity
This is a presentation prepared by my graduate students of Natural Resources Management, Biodiversity Conservation subject, at Nepal Engineering College of Pokhara University. All "students" are highly experienced foresters with 10-20 years of experience, so the material is firmly grounded in Nepali practice!
Loss of biodiversity
loss of biodiversity is the most important in biodiversity and conservation.it is useful to reduce the activities which are responsible for extinction and endangering of living organisms.
Measuring biodiversity
This document discusses methods for quantifying biodiversity, including species richness, species evenness, and Simpson's Index. Species richness is a count of the total number of species in an area, while species evenness measures how similar the abundances of each species are. Simpson's Index incorporates both richness and evenness to calculate a single value representing biodiversity, with lower values indicating higher diversity as it takes into account the number of species and how evenly abundant each species is. The document provides examples to illustrate how to calculate and apply Simpson's Index using data on species abundances in different communities.
Loss of biodiversity
India has experienced a significant loss of biodiversity over the last century. Tigers have declined by 97% to only 3,200 remaining. Biodiversity includes genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity across wild lands, parks, farms, and other habitats. The loss is due to factors like population growth, land use changes, pollution, and climate change threatening forests and agriculture. Coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise which could further reduce biodiversity in India.
Extinction
Local, ecological, and biological extinction are defined. Population genetics and limited geographic range increase extinction risk, while habitat degradation from agriculture, urbanization, and other human activities is currently the main cause of species extinction. Introduction of new competing species and climate change further threaten biodiversity by causing extinctions, while conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and ecosystems.
Specice extinction
The seminar covered the topics of species extinction including defining extinction, estimating the number of species on Earth, the rates of species loss, the timing and causes of extinctions. Natural causes include climate change, changes in sea levels or currents, asteroids, and disease. Human causes were identified as climate change, increased human population, habitat destruction and fragmentation, and trade in endangered species. Facts presented included that over 16,000 species are threatened and the current extinction rate is estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the natural background rate. Some easy actions people can take to help endangered species were also outlined.
Impact of climate change on biodiversity
This seminar presentation discusses the impact of climate change on biodiversity. It begins with an overview of how to manage Earth's temperature through solar energy and greenhouse gases. It then examines worldwide carbon emissions over time and explains the greenhouse effect. The values of biodiversity are outlined, and the presentation shows the impact of climate change on forests visible from space. A case study examines the effect of climate change on mountain pine beetles. The main impacts of climate change discussed are species extinction, effects on forests, water, polar regions and wildlife. The presentation concludes that temperatures will continue to rise and growing seasons will lengthen.
Biodiversity hotspot in india
Sikkim, India is a biodiversity hotspot located in the Eastern Himalayas, with 26% of India's total biodiversity despite being only 0.2% of the country's area. It contains a wide variety of flora and fauna ranging from tropical to alpine ecosystems, including over 4,000 plant species and representing 30% of Indian bird species. Rare animals found in Sikkim include the snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan black bear, blue sheep, and shapi. The red panda has been declared the state animal of Sikkim.
Recommended
Threats to Biodiversity
This is a presentation prepared by my graduate students of Natural Resources Management, Biodiversity Conservation subject, at Nepal Engineering College of Pokhara University. All "students" are highly experienced foresters with 10-20 years of experience, so the material is firmly grounded in Nepali practice!
Loss of biodiversity
loss of biodiversity is the most important in biodiversity and conservation.it is useful to reduce the activities which are responsible for extinction and endangering of living organisms.
Measuring biodiversity
This document discusses methods for quantifying biodiversity, including species richness, species evenness, and Simpson's Index. Species richness is a count of the total number of species in an area, while species evenness measures how similar the abundances of each species are. Simpson's Index incorporates both richness and evenness to calculate a single value representing biodiversity, with lower values indicating higher diversity as it takes into account the number of species and how evenly abundant each species is. The document provides examples to illustrate how to calculate and apply Simpson's Index using data on species abundances in different communities.
Loss of biodiversity
India has experienced a significant loss of biodiversity over the last century. Tigers have declined by 97% to only 3,200 remaining. Biodiversity includes genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity across wild lands, parks, farms, and other habitats. The loss is due to factors like population growth, land use changes, pollution, and climate change threatening forests and agriculture. Coastal regions are particularly vulnerable to sea level rise which could further reduce biodiversity in India.
Extinction
Local, ecological, and biological extinction are defined. Population genetics and limited geographic range increase extinction risk, while habitat degradation from agriculture, urbanization, and other human activities is currently the main cause of species extinction. Introduction of new competing species and climate change further threaten biodiversity by causing extinctions, while conservation efforts aim to protect endangered species and ecosystems.
Specice extinction
The seminar covered the topics of species extinction including defining extinction, estimating the number of species on Earth, the rates of species loss, the timing and causes of extinctions. Natural causes include climate change, changes in sea levels or currents, asteroids, and disease. Human causes were identified as climate change, increased human population, habitat destruction and fragmentation, and trade in endangered species. Facts presented included that over 16,000 species are threatened and the current extinction rate is estimated to be 1,000 to 10,000 times higher than the natural background rate. Some easy actions people can take to help endangered species were also outlined.
Impact of climate change on biodiversity
This seminar presentation discusses the impact of climate change on biodiversity. It begins with an overview of how to manage Earth's temperature through solar energy and greenhouse gases. It then examines worldwide carbon emissions over time and explains the greenhouse effect. The values of biodiversity are outlined, and the presentation shows the impact of climate change on forests visible from space. A case study examines the effect of climate change on mountain pine beetles. The main impacts of climate change discussed are species extinction, effects on forests, water, polar regions and wildlife. The presentation concludes that temperatures will continue to rise and growing seasons will lengthen.
Biodiversity hotspot in india
Sikkim, India is a biodiversity hotspot located in the Eastern Himalayas, with 26% of India's total biodiversity despite being only 0.2% of the country's area. It contains a wide variety of flora and fauna ranging from tropical to alpine ecosystems, including over 4,000 plant species and representing 30% of Indian bird species. Rare animals found in Sikkim include the snow leopard, red panda, Himalayan black bear, blue sheep, and shapi. The red panda has been declared the state animal of Sikkim.
Importance of biodiversity
Importance
Intrinsic Value
Extinctions
What is Biodiversity?
Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
Eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process by which water bodies receive excess nutrients, typically nitrates and phosphates, which can come from natural sources like weathering and runoff or human sources like fertilizers and untreated sewage. This excess of nutrients stimulates algal growth and reduces dissolved oxygen, which can harm aquatic animals and plants. There are two types of eutrophication: natural eutrophication which occurs slowly over time through natural processes, and cultural eutrophication which is accelerated by human activities like agricultural, domestic, and industrial waste discharge and results in algal blooms and hypoxic conditions. Management strategies include treating wastewater before discharge and removing excess algal biomass and nutrients from affected water bodies
Global environmental changes
This document discusses several key global environmental changes and their impacts on human health, including climate change, ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, fresh water supplies, and persistent organic pollutants. It defines each issue, provides facts about causes and effects, and examines consequences such as increased temperatures, extreme weather events, spread of diseases, food and water insecurity. Climate change is a particular focus, outlining the greenhouse effect, global warming trends, and direct and indirect health impacts through heatwaves, storms, droughts, floods and changes to disease transmission patterns.
Ecosystem structure
Ecosystem structures deals about the Different Components of the Ecosystem, its dynamics and energy level.
Threats to Biodiversity
This document discusses biodiversity and threats to it. It begins by defining biodiversity and describing it at three levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then outlines several major threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and disease. It provides more detail on habitat loss, describing the causes from human activities like agriculture, resource harvesting, and development. Habitat loss is a primary driver of species extinction worldwide. The document also discusses poaching and how it negatively impacts species survival and ecosystem balance. It notes man-wildlife conflicts have increased due to competition over limited resources and describes some of the efforts to mitigate these conflicts.
Human activities and impact on environment
This document discusses several human activities that negatively impact natural ecosystems, including population growth, acid rain, deforestation, pollution, and global warming. It explains how population growth leads to industrialization, fossil fuel combustion, and pollution, increasing carbon dioxide levels. It also describes how burning fossil fuels releases sulphates and nitrates into the air that form acid rain, acidifying lakes and damaging ecosystems. Deforestation reduces biodiversity and the trees' ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Pollution contaminates water and causes oil spills that harm wildlife. Global warming is increasing due to rising carbon dioxide levels enhancing the greenhouse effect and global temperatures.
Biodiversity
This document defines and discusses biodiversity. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It then discusses the types of biodiversity and provides examples. The document also covers the benefits of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, and methods of conservation, including in situ and ex situ approaches. It concludes by stating the importance of conserving biodiversity for human survival and the need for cooperative conservation efforts across entire landscapes.
Biodiversity and climate change
Climate change and biodiversity are closely linked: climate change has severe direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and is predicted to be a dominant driver of future biodiversity loss; at the same time, the loss of biodiversity magnifies the adverse effects of climate change.
r and k selection
This document discusses r and K selection theory, which seeks to explain how traits evolve in response to environmental variation and mortality. It examines how traits are interrelated and constrained by ecology. R and K selection theory predicts demographic responses to disturbances at different spatial and temporal scales. The most notable example is MacArthur and Wilson's theory of r and K selection based on island biogeography. R-selected species thrive in variable environments and have high fecundity, while K-selected species exist in stable environments and invest more in parental care and fewer offspring. The r and K classification represents ends of a continuum, with most species falling somewhere in between.
PPT OF BIODIVERSITY
This document provides an overview of biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, benefits, threats, and conservation. It discusses how biodiversity represents the variety of life on Earth and is vital to sustaining human life. The three types of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. While biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss and other human impacts, conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through protected areas, restoration, and environmental policies.
Eutrophication
Excessive richness of nutrients in lake or other water bodies, which causes a dense growth of plant life.
Biodiversity concept
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, including different species, genetic diversity within species, and ecosystems. The document discusses three main types of biodiversity: species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecological/ecosystem diversity. It provides examples to illustrate each type and notes that biodiversity has significant environmental, social, and economic value, such as providing resources for medicine, food, and regulating climate cycles.
Applied ecology
Applied ecology studies how ecological concepts can solve environmental problems. It aims to relate ecological theories to managing natural resources and addressing issues like land use, pollution, and wildlife conservation. Phytoremediation uses plants to extract or stabilize pollutants like heavy metals from soils and water. It occurs through processes like phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and rhizodegradation. Soil science is the study of soil, which is the layer where geology and biology intersect. Soil is composed of minerals, organic matter, air, water, and microorganisms. Sustainable development meets current needs without limiting future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
Threats to biodiversity
threats to biodiversity, status of terrestrial ecoregions and species under threat in india,addressing the threats.
Biotic components
The document outlines the biotic components of an ecosystem, categorizing them as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers are autotrophic organisms like plants that use photosynthesis to produce food from inorganic substances. Consumers include heterotrophic organisms like animals that obtain energy and nutrients by consuming producers and other organisms. Consumers are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers based on trophic level. Decomposers such as fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter from producers and consumers, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Population growth curves
population growth curve describes how a population grows in nature and what are the different factors are associated with it.
Protected areas
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
Habitat loss
Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity loss globally. Forests are lost mainly due to agricultural expansion, timber harvesting, and grazing. During the 1990s, 94 million hectares of forest were lost, with 70% converted to agriculture. Coastal areas are also degraded by population growth, urbanization, and tourism. Solutions include establishing marine protected areas and regulating land use and development through integrated zoning plans.
Limiting factors
1) Limiting factors determine the maximum population size that an environment can support by restricting available resources. Common limiting factors include food, water, oxygen, temperature, light, and space.
2) Limiting factors can be density-dependent, affecting population size directly, or density-independent like natural disasters.
3) Biological factors include predation, competition, and parasitism through interaction between species, while physical factors comprise resources like nutrients, water, and temperature. Limiting factors regulate population growth and distribution.
Biodiversity hotspot
1) Biodiversity hotspots are regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are under threat from human activity. They support a large number of endemic species found nowhere else.
2) There are currently 34 global biodiversity hotspots that together support over 50% of the world's plant and animal species while occupying less than 2.5% of its land.
3) India has two biodiversity hotspots - the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas. They face high rates of deforestation and habitat loss threatening thousands of endemic species with extinction. Conserving these hotspots is important for protecting global biodiversity.
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Importance of biodiversity
Importance
Intrinsic Value
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Genetic Biodiversity
Species Biodiversity
Ecosystem Biodiversity
Ecosystem Function
Marine Biodiversity
Caribbean Diversity
Extinctions
Threats to Biodiversity
Protection & MPA’s
Eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process by which water bodies receive excess nutrients, typically nitrates and phosphates, which can come from natural sources like weathering and runoff or human sources like fertilizers and untreated sewage. This excess of nutrients stimulates algal growth and reduces dissolved oxygen, which can harm aquatic animals and plants. There are two types of eutrophication: natural eutrophication which occurs slowly over time through natural processes, and cultural eutrophication which is accelerated by human activities like agricultural, domestic, and industrial waste discharge and results in algal blooms and hypoxic conditions. Management strategies include treating wastewater before discharge and removing excess algal biomass and nutrients from affected water bodies
Global environmental changes
This document discusses several key global environmental changes and their impacts on human health, including climate change, ozone depletion, loss of biodiversity, fresh water supplies, and persistent organic pollutants. It defines each issue, provides facts about causes and effects, and examines consequences such as increased temperatures, extreme weather events, spread of diseases, food and water insecurity. Climate change is a particular focus, outlining the greenhouse effect, global warming trends, and direct and indirect health impacts through heatwaves, storms, droughts, floods and changes to disease transmission patterns.
Ecosystem structure
Ecosystem structures deals about the Different Components of the Ecosystem, its dynamics and energy level.
Threats to Biodiversity
This document discusses biodiversity and threats to it. It begins by defining biodiversity and describing it at three levels: genetic, species, and ecosystem diversity. It then outlines several major threats to biodiversity, including habitat loss, climate change, pollution, overexploitation, invasive species, and disease. It provides more detail on habitat loss, describing the causes from human activities like agriculture, resource harvesting, and development. Habitat loss is a primary driver of species extinction worldwide. The document also discusses poaching and how it negatively impacts species survival and ecosystem balance. It notes man-wildlife conflicts have increased due to competition over limited resources and describes some of the efforts to mitigate these conflicts.
Human activities and impact on environment
This document discusses several human activities that negatively impact natural ecosystems, including population growth, acid rain, deforestation, pollution, and global warming. It explains how population growth leads to industrialization, fossil fuel combustion, and pollution, increasing carbon dioxide levels. It also describes how burning fossil fuels releases sulphates and nitrates into the air that form acid rain, acidifying lakes and damaging ecosystems. Deforestation reduces biodiversity and the trees' ability to absorb carbon dioxide. Pollution contaminates water and causes oil spills that harm wildlife. Global warming is increasing due to rising carbon dioxide levels enhancing the greenhouse effect and global temperatures.
Biodiversity
This document defines and discusses biodiversity. It begins by defining biodiversity as the variety of life on Earth, including species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecosystem diversity. It then discusses the types of biodiversity and provides examples. The document also covers the benefits of biodiversity, threats to biodiversity, and methods of conservation, including in situ and ex situ approaches. It concludes by stating the importance of conserving biodiversity for human survival and the need for cooperative conservation efforts across entire landscapes.
Biodiversity and climate change
Climate change and biodiversity are closely linked: climate change has severe direct and indirect impacts on biodiversity and is predicted to be a dominant driver of future biodiversity loss; at the same time, the loss of biodiversity magnifies the adverse effects of climate change.
r and k selection
This document discusses r and K selection theory, which seeks to explain how traits evolve in response to environmental variation and mortality. It examines how traits are interrelated and constrained by ecology. R and K selection theory predicts demographic responses to disturbances at different spatial and temporal scales. The most notable example is MacArthur and Wilson's theory of r and K selection based on island biogeography. R-selected species thrive in variable environments and have high fecundity, while K-selected species exist in stable environments and invest more in parental care and fewer offspring. The r and K classification represents ends of a continuum, with most species falling somewhere in between.
PPT OF BIODIVERSITY
This document provides an overview of biodiversity, including its definition, types, distribution, benefits, threats, and conservation. It discusses how biodiversity represents the variety of life on Earth and is vital to sustaining human life. The three types of biodiversity are genetic diversity, species diversity, and ecosystem diversity. While biodiversity is threatened by habitat loss and other human impacts, conservation efforts aim to protect biodiversity through protected areas, restoration, and environmental policies.
Eutrophication
Excessive richness of nutrients in lake or other water bodies, which causes a dense growth of plant life.
Biodiversity concept
Biodiversity refers to the variety of life forms on Earth, including different species, genetic diversity within species, and ecosystems. The document discusses three main types of biodiversity: species diversity, genetic diversity, and ecological/ecosystem diversity. It provides examples to illustrate each type and notes that biodiversity has significant environmental, social, and economic value, such as providing resources for medicine, food, and regulating climate cycles.
Applied ecology
Applied ecology studies how ecological concepts can solve environmental problems. It aims to relate ecological theories to managing natural resources and addressing issues like land use, pollution, and wildlife conservation. Phytoremediation uses plants to extract or stabilize pollutants like heavy metals from soils and water. It occurs through processes like phytoextraction, phytostabilization, and rhizodegradation. Soil science is the study of soil, which is the layer where geology and biology intersect. Soil is composed of minerals, organic matter, air, water, and microorganisms. Sustainable development meets current needs without limiting future generations' ability to meet their own needs.
Threats to biodiversity
threats to biodiversity, status of terrestrial ecoregions and species under threat in india,addressing the threats.
Biotic components
The document outlines the biotic components of an ecosystem, categorizing them as producers, consumers, and decomposers. Producers are autotrophic organisms like plants that use photosynthesis to produce food from inorganic substances. Consumers include heterotrophic organisms like animals that obtain energy and nutrients by consuming producers and other organisms. Consumers are divided into primary, secondary, and tertiary consumers based on trophic level. Decomposers such as fungi and bacteria break down dead organic matter from producers and consumers, recycling nutrients back into the ecosystem.
Population growth curves
population growth curve describes how a population grows in nature and what are the different factors are associated with it.
Protected areas
Protected areas are those in which human occupation or at least the exploitation of resources is limited.
The definition that has been widely accepted across regional and global frameworks has been provided by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) in its categorization guidelines for protected areas.
There are several kinds of protected areas, which vary by level of protection depending on the enabling laws of each country or the regulations of the international organizations involved.
The term "protected area" also includes
Marine Protected Areas, the boundaries of which will include some area of ocean, and
Trans boundary Protected Areas that overlap multiple countries which remove the borders inside the area for conservation and economic purposes.
Habitat loss
Habitat loss is the primary driver of biodiversity loss globally. Forests are lost mainly due to agricultural expansion, timber harvesting, and grazing. During the 1990s, 94 million hectares of forest were lost, with 70% converted to agriculture. Coastal areas are also degraded by population growth, urbanization, and tourism. Solutions include establishing marine protected areas and regulating land use and development through integrated zoning plans.
Limiting factors
1) Limiting factors determine the maximum population size that an environment can support by restricting available resources. Common limiting factors include food, water, oxygen, temperature, light, and space.
2) Limiting factors can be density-dependent, affecting population size directly, or density-independent like natural disasters.
3) Biological factors include predation, competition, and parasitism through interaction between species, while physical factors comprise resources like nutrients, water, and temperature. Limiting factors regulate population growth and distribution.
Biodiversity hotspot
1) Biodiversity hotspots are regions with significant levels of biodiversity that are under threat from human activity. They support a large number of endemic species found nowhere else.
2) There are currently 34 global biodiversity hotspots that together support over 50% of the world's plant and animal species while occupying less than 2.5% of its land.
3) India has two biodiversity hotspots - the Western Ghats and Eastern Himalayas. They face high rates of deforestation and habitat loss threatening thousands of endemic species with extinction. Conserving these hotspots is important for protecting global biodiversity.
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みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Mind map of terminologies used in context of Generative AI
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FME
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
Cosa hanno in comune un mattoncino Lego e la backdoor XZ?
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
GraphSummit Singapore | Graphing Success: Revolutionising Organisational Stru...
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
Programming Foundation Models with DSPy - Meetup Slides
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Loss of biodiversity
- 1. Loss of BIODIVERSIT Y Derek TU Gloria TING Shannon HAN
- 10. Crop Fields
- 12. ALWAYS.
- 13. RAW MATERIALS
- 15. A Bear with No HONEY
- 20. O2 CO2
- 26. 50 YEARS LATER THEY WOULD BE GONE
- 28. DEFORESTATION
- 29. Land for CROPS
- 30. WASTE LAND
- 32. EROSION of River
- 33. DRY RAINFOREST
Editor's Notes
- Variety of plants and animals
- Water cycle in rainforest
- Variety of crops
- Natural resource
- Food web
- extinction
- deforestration
- Increase population
- deforestration
- crops
- Waste land
- erosion
- Dry amazon rainforest