Damages due bad weather
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Several container ships experienced damage and loss of cargo due to severe weather conditions and heavy seas over the years. Notable incidents included the Ital Florida losing containers in 2007 due to 7-10 meter high waves in the Arabian Sea, the NYK Antares losing around 52 containers in the North Sea due to severe weather, and the MSC Napoli nearly capsizing and running aground in the English Channel during a heavy storm which resulted in many container losses. Other ships like the MSC Carla, CSAV Shenzhen, OOCL America, and APL China also sustained container damage and losses from being hit by bad weather in open oceans.
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The Titanic tragedy is a poignant tale that intertwines ambition, engineering marvels, and human tragedy. The ship was a marvel of its time, considered unsinkable due to its innovative design and luxurious amenities. However, its fate serves as a reminder of the limitations of human ingenuity and the unpredictable forces of nature.
The Titanic was an engineering masterpiece, designed with cutting-edge technology for its era. Constructed by the Harland and Wolff shipyard in Belfast, Ireland, it was a feat of engineering boasting a length of about 882 feet and a width of 92.5 feet. The ship was divided into 16 compartments, supposedly watertight, a design that was believed to make it virtually unsinkable even if several compartments were breached.
Its hull was constructed using high-quality steel, a material believed to be strong and resilient. However, the steel used in the construction had a high sulfur content, making it more brittle in cold temperatures—a crucial factor contributing to the catastrophic iceberg collision.
The ship's opulence was unparalleled, with lavish interiors featuring intricate woodwork, plush furnishings, and state-of-the-art amenities for its passengers. Despite its grandeur, the Titanic was not equipped with enough lifeboats to accommodate all passengers and crew, a tragic oversight that exacerbated the loss of life when disaster struck.
On the fateful night of April 14, 1912, the Titanic, on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City, collided with an iceberg in the frigid North Atlantic waters. The impact caused severe damage, breaching multiple compartments and compromising the supposedly watertight design.
The fatal flaw became evident as the compartments filled with water, causing the ship to gradually sink. The inadequate number of lifeboats exacerbated the catastrophe, leading to the loss of over 1,500 lives out of the approximately 2,224 passengers and crew on board.
The Titanic tragedy remains a poignant reminder of the limitations of human hubris, despite advancements in technology and design. It serves as a crucial lesson in maritime safety, influencing subsequent regulations and practices to ensure the safety of passengers and crew on modern-day ships.
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This document discusses oil pollution and oil spills, including their impacts and management. It provides details on the types and transportation of petroleum oil, how oil spills occur, and the fate of spilled oil. It also examines several case studies of major oil spills throughout history, including impacts to marine life and ecosystems. Finally, it covers options for preventing and recovering from oil spills, such as designing safer tankers, training crews, responding to spills, and using booms, skimmers, and dispersants.
WWII Indianaplois
The USS Indianapolis delivered components for the atomic bomb to be dropped on Japan. On its return journey, it was torpedoed by a Japanese submarine. Of the 1,196 crew members, only 316 survived as the ship sank rapidly. The survivors faced extreme hardship in the water without lifeboats or supplies as they were attacked by sharks in the days before being rescued. The captain was later court martialed for losing his ship, though he was exonerated in later years.
Amoco cadiz oil spill
This slideshow is about The Amoco Cadiz Oil Spill, which was an environmental disaster. It was one of the biggest oil spills of its time.
Titanic Presentation
The RMS Titanic set sail on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York City on April 10, 1912. Carrying over 2,200 passengers and crew, the Titanic was the largest and most luxurious ship ever built at the time. However, late on April 14th, the Titanic struck an iceberg in the North Atlantic and began taking on water. Though initially believed to only have suffered a minor scrape from the iceberg, the Titanic was quickly taking on more water than its pumps could remove. Within two hours and forty minutes, the "unsinkable" Titanic broke in two and sank to the bottom of the ocean, resulting in the deaths of over 1,500 people in one of the dead
20200919-XI-English-We are Not Afraid to Die-1 of 2-Ppt.pptx
Gordon Cook wanted to sail around the world to duplicate Captain James Cook's historic voyage. He set sail from England in 1976 with his family and crew aboard his boat Wavewalker. Their journey began well but they soon encountered extremely dangerous storms in the Southern Indian Ocean. During a massive wave, Gordon was thrown overboard and the boat sustained heavy damage. Through courage and teamwork, they were able to make repairs while pumping out water to save the sinking boat. Despite injuries and failing equipment, they persevered through the storm in their fight for survival.
Exxon valdez oil spill
The Exxon Valdez oil spill was one of the largest oil spills in history caused by the Exxon Valdez tanker ship striking a reef in Prince William Sound, Alaska on March 24, 1989. Over 11 million gallons of crude oil was spilled into the ocean, causing severe environmental and economic damage along the coast. The accident occurred due to human error, as the ship's captain was allegedly drunk and the third mate was too tired to properly maneuver the ship. The spill had devastating effects on wildlife such as sea otters and birds, as well as negative economic impacts through lost tourism and fishing industries for many years.
SUNKEN SHIPS DOCUMENTORY
It is an English project for class XI for the chapter WE'RE NOT AFRAID TO DIE .....IF WE CAN ALL BE TOGETHER. This is an amazing and interesting topic. Work like a pro and become a director😀
Ielts Reading
The document provides an overview of the sinking of the Titanic and lessons that were learned. It discusses how the Titanic was considered unsinkable due to its design with watertight compartments. It received several iceberg warnings via wireless messages that were not properly communicated to the bridge. Regulations at the time regarding lifeboat capacity were outdated, resulting in not enough lifeboats for all passengers and crew. As a result of investigations after the sinking, new international safety regulations were introduced.
Ielts Reading
The document provides information about preparing for the IELTS reading test. It discusses key details about the test, including that it takes one hour to complete three passages of 500-900 words each with 40-50 questions. Most students feel there isn't enough time, so practice tests are important to develop speed-reading skills. The document then provides sample questions to practice common question types in the test and a sample reading passage to use for the examples and questions.
Ielts reading
เรียน IELTS กับสถาบันที่สอนทั้งพื้นฐานและเทคนิคในการทำข้อสอบ IELTS โดยเฉพาะ โดยทีมผู้สอนอักษรศาสตร์เกียรตินิยมเหรียญทอง
TEL: 02-6197272,086-3252498
www.tciap.com
the-titanic.ppt
The Titanic took 3 years to build at a cost of $7.5 million. It sank on its maiden voyage from Southampton to New York in 1912 after colliding with an iceberg, resulting in the deaths of over 1500 people. Inquiries into the disaster found faults with Captain Smith for ignoring ice warnings, the shipbuilders for using poor quality rivets, and Captain Lord of the Californian for failing to assist the Titanic after seeing its distress signals. The sinking revealed a lack of sufficient lifeboats led to many unnecessary deaths.
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans via the Isthmus of Panama, providing a shortcut between the oceans. Construction began in 1881 under French leadership but was abandoned after thousands of worker deaths. The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal in 1914 after overcoming challenges like building giant locks and cutting a path through tropical jungle. The canal was an important project that shortened shipping times and aided U.S. military power projection. Today it remains a vital global shipping route.
Panama Canal
The Panama Canal connects the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans via the Isthmus of Panama, providing a shortcut between the oceans. Construction began in 1881 under French leadership but was abandoned after thousands of worker deaths. The United States took over the project in 1904 and opened the canal in 1914 after overcoming challenges like building giant locks and cutting a path through tropical jungle. The canal was an important shipping route and strategic asset that helped the US expand trade and defend its interests.
Similar to Damages due bad weather (20)
20200919-XI-English-We are Not Afraid to Die-1 of 2-Ppt.pptx
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Rotary vane
The document discusses the specifications and maintenance of a rotary vane steering gear system. It describes issues like wear on the cylindrical body and seals that can cause hunting behavior. Regular maintenance including changing oil filters and stuffing glands yearly and overhauling the entire system every 2 years is recommended. While compact and using less oil than alternatives, rotary vane systems have lower reliability due to greater wear on sealing surfaces and difficulty diagnosing vane failures.
Pump survey & line bearing
This document discusses different types of pumps and their components, including centrifugal pumps, gear pumps, screw pumps, and mono pumps. It also describes pump bearings, noting that line bearings are used to keep the pump shaft steady and prevent damage. Common materials for line bearings include teflon, elastomers, polyester, carbon and simsite. The document outlines the characteristics of line bearings such as being self-lubricating and withstanding high temperatures and loads, as well as some disadvantages like being prone to cracking and having a high cost.
He1
Heat exchangers transfer heat from one medium to another and come in various types. They consist of channels that separate the mediums but allow heat transfer between them. Common examples include coolers that use sea water to cool engine fluids, and heaters that use steam to heat fuels. Tubular heat exchangers are most widely used and can accommodate a variety of temperatures and pressures. Heat exchangers effectively transfer heat through processes like cooling, heating, condensing, and evaporating.
Directional valve
This document describes different types of valves including a manually actuated three-position valve, a four-way two-position valve, and a spring-centered three-position valve. It also discusses a typical solenoid controlled, pilot operated or two-stage valve where the pilot choke is mounted on the valve.
Central cooling system
The document describes the central cooling system on a ship which previously used corrosive seawater but now uses a fresh water system. The fresh water system has high and low temperature circuits. The high temperature circuit pumps water from the engines to the fresh water generator and back to the pumps. The low temperature circuit then distributes this water to various auxiliaries. A temperature control valve regulates the mixture of waters to a suitable inlet temperature for the engines. The fresh water system requires less maintenance and investment than the previous seawater system but has higher initial costs and limitations during high sea temperatures.
4.operational faults
There are several operational faults that can occur in refrigeration systems. Some of the most common include refrigerant leaks, which can be detected by low refrigerant levels or bubbles in the sight glass. Refrigerant undercharging can cause low pressures and inefficient cooling. Refrigerant overcharging can cause high pressures and short cycling. Moisture, air, or too much oil in the system can also cause issues like frosting or low heat transfer. Addressing problems like fouled condensers or restricted airflow can help prevent short cycling and efficiency losses.
2.ozone & reffrigerant
This document discusses the desired properties of refrigerants and their environmental impacts. It describes how chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) were previously used as refrigerants but deplete the ozone layer by releasing chlorine atoms when broken down by UV rays. CFCs react with ozone in the stratosphere, removing oxygen atoms and leaving it vulnerable to UV rays. Newer refrigerants like hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) do not harm the ozone but are greenhouse gases that contribute to global warming. The document defines terms like ozone depletion potential and global warming potential used to measure environmental impacts.
Sg solas
This document outlines requirements for testing main and auxiliary steering gear before departure, including operating all components and controls. It also requires emergency steering drills every 3 months to practice procedures. Officers must be trained in steering gear operation and maintenance, and records must be kept of tests and drills conducted. Ships on short voyages may have reduced testing requirements of at least once a week.
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Damages due bad weather
- 1. SOME WELL PUBLICISED LOSS PHOTOGRAPHS RELATED WITH BAD WEATHER.
- 2. Ital Florida Vessel name: Ital Florida. Type of ship: Containership, Date16~19-jul-2007, Location: Arabian sea, Indian Ocean, Remarks: Vessel hit by the Indian Monsoon, 3 containers lost overboard and stacks collapsed. Vessel was hit by 7-10 meters high waves, ship was running with 16 knots.
- 4. NYK Antares 09-nov-2007 04:40 am German Bight, North Sea, underway from Hamburg to Le Havre Due to severe weather approx. 52 containers were lost overboard and resulted in a mess on deck. Rotterdam was the only port who could clean up this mess quickly for this case.
- 5. MSC Napoli Date18-jan-2007 Location English channel, South-West of England Remarks Grounded / crack in the hull. During a very heavy storm MSC Napoli's engine room was taking water by a hold in the hull (reason unknown or aground) English & French coastguard tried to pull the vessel to a port, however during This action the vessel almost capsized and was pushed aground. Many containers lost overboard and beached. Oil pollution. During May 2007 the last of 2199 containers onboard were discharged by Smit Salvage team. During refloating trials in June/July 2007, the ships' damage is severe than expected, therefore the salvage teams used explosives to break the ship in 2 before removal. In August 2007 the MSC Napoli was towed to Belfast, N-Ireland, to be demolished at the same wharf as the famous "Titanic" was built. The total salvage operation costs around 70 million Euro's. (Approx. USD 92 mln) This vessel also grounded in 2001 on a coral reef near Singapore, at full speed and fully loaded (as CMA CGM Normandie).
- 6. MSC Carla nov-1997 Vessel broke in 2 parts during heavy water. Forepeak sank, aft-Peak floated and was towed to the Canary islands thereafter. Just after the accident sources said the Italian officers steered the vessel with full speed into the high waves, but in 2005 research concluded the welding points of the ship (when it was jumbo-sized) Were weak and are the reasons of this accident.
- 7. CSAV Shenzhen September 2004 Vessel hit by bad weather at the Pacific Ocean
- 8. OOCL America, 1998, Pacific Ocean (enroute USA to Kaohsiung, Taiwan) The vessel was hit by heavy weather on the Pacific Ocean, on the photo you see the result on arrival in Taiwan. This accident was the 2nd place-worst container accident ever.
- 9. • APL CHINA – WEATHER DAMAGE IN 1998 Pacific Ocean, enroute from Asia to the USA. Worst container disaster ever, vessel was hit by very heavy weather in the Pacific ocean.
- 10. March 2002, Vessel hit by heavy weather, around 69 containers collapsed.
- 11. Heinrich Behrmann Containership, Nov 2001, Blankenberge, Belgium Vessel grounded due to bad weather. Vessel refloated a few days later.
- 12. P&O Nedlloyd Barcelona Jun-2005, Pacific Ocean, Vessel was hit by heavy weather.
- 13. PERILS OF THE SEA ?
- 15. • UNKNOWN STORY ? Vessel was attacked by a giant octopas.
Editor's Notes
- BAD WEATHER ?
- Vessel was attacked by a giant octopas.