This study analyzes effects of government direct spending to Small and Medium Entreprises (SME). Some scholars and policy makers belief that government should issues several industrial policies to strengthen SME performance. This study analyzes those policies in Surakarta city. In this study, we assess the effect of local government direct spending to SME such as, capital grants and low rate loan to their business performance. We conduct survey which involved 500 SME in manufacturing. Our resuls shows that capital grants and loan policy by local government in Surakarta has positive effect to SME assets, capital and turnover. This study shows that capital grant is more effective compare to other government assistance such as equipment grants and loan to increase SME’s business performance. In this study, industrial policy for SME is not limited to business regulation but it also include direct assistance from local government for these business organizations.
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) of Bangladeshestiaqur
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs; sometimes also small and medium enterprises) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits. SMEs are also said to be responsible for driving innovation and competition in many economic sectors.
In Bangladesh, SMEs including micro enterprises comprise over 99 per cent of all industrial units, contributing over 85 per cent of industrial employment. 81 thousand SMEs all together constitute more than 93 per cent of the total 10+ units. Again, focusing on the 10+ units, small units contribute to 35 per cent of the employment, followed by medium and large units comprising 8.8 and 56.0 per cent respectively. In other words, SMEs employ 1.3 million people, constituting 44 percent of employment generated by 10+ units.
The Indian MSME sector is the backbone of the national economic structure and has unremittingly acted as the bulwark for the Indian economy, providing it resilience to ward off global economic shocks and adversities. With around 48.8 million units throughout the geographical expanse of the country, MSMEs contribute around 7% of the manufacturing GDP and 31% of the GDP from service activities as well as 37% of India s manufacturing output and 40% of the overall exports.
Introduction to small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs)Abir Hossain
Introduction
Definition of SMEs: Bangladesh Perspective
Definition of SMEs: International Perspective
Definition of SMEs in some selected countries: India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Vietnam
Contribution of SMEs in Bangladesh Economy
Contribution of SMEs: International Experience
Major constraints of SME around the globe.
Conclusion
The whole data are collected from a report of SME Development in Bangladesh By East West University Bangaladesh.Some of data is deducted for present my slide easily. If you need any kind of information about SME Development in Bangladesh please search on internet get the actual data......thank u very much......assalamuwalikum owa rohmatullahi oba-rakatuh.......allah hafez
The Role of Governments as Relationship Mediation Between Social Capital and ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Key Government Schemes and Initiatives to support MSMEs, Current Financing Landscape for MSMEs, Issues and Challenges for MSMEs
Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) of Bangladeshestiaqur
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs; sometimes also small and medium enterprises) or small and medium-sized businesses (SMBs) are businesses whose personnel numbers fall below certain limits. SMEs are also said to be responsible for driving innovation and competition in many economic sectors.
In Bangladesh, SMEs including micro enterprises comprise over 99 per cent of all industrial units, contributing over 85 per cent of industrial employment. 81 thousand SMEs all together constitute more than 93 per cent of the total 10+ units. Again, focusing on the 10+ units, small units contribute to 35 per cent of the employment, followed by medium and large units comprising 8.8 and 56.0 per cent respectively. In other words, SMEs employ 1.3 million people, constituting 44 percent of employment generated by 10+ units.
The Indian MSME sector is the backbone of the national economic structure and has unremittingly acted as the bulwark for the Indian economy, providing it resilience to ward off global economic shocks and adversities. With around 48.8 million units throughout the geographical expanse of the country, MSMEs contribute around 7% of the manufacturing GDP and 31% of the GDP from service activities as well as 37% of India s manufacturing output and 40% of the overall exports.
Introduction to small & Medium Enterprises (SMEs)Abir Hossain
Introduction
Definition of SMEs: Bangladesh Perspective
Definition of SMEs: International Perspective
Definition of SMEs in some selected countries: India, Japan, Korea, Malaysia, Thailand, China and Vietnam
Contribution of SMEs in Bangladesh Economy
Contribution of SMEs: International Experience
Major constraints of SME around the globe.
Conclusion
The whole data are collected from a report of SME Development in Bangladesh By East West University Bangaladesh.Some of data is deducted for present my slide easily. If you need any kind of information about SME Development in Bangladesh please search on internet get the actual data......thank u very much......assalamuwalikum owa rohmatullahi oba-rakatuh.......allah hafez
The Role of Governments as Relationship Mediation Between Social Capital and ...inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises, Key Government Schemes and Initiatives to support MSMEs, Current Financing Landscape for MSMEs, Issues and Challenges for MSMEs
This slide is prepared based on the position of small and median enterprise. Especially is defined the small and median enterprise separately. The different sectors of sme are also included. The process of loan application for sme load and the documents that are needed for sme loan is described.
Growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Manipurinventionjournals
Economic development and industrial development is considered as synonym and entrepreneurs play a major role in industrial development. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) extend to the necessary support and compliment to the beneficial effects of industrialization. Entrepreneurship is an important segment of economic growth and micro, small and medium enterprises play a key role in the industrialization of a state. It will also leads to economic development creating vast employment opportunities, redistribution of economic power and income, raising the standard of living for the people and also leads to reduction of regional imbalances, disparities in income, wealth and consumption etc. Manipur has got many areas of strength and opportunities that can raise the state into a developed state with the help of entrepreneurship and micro, small and medium enterprises are an important segment of the economy contributing substantially in the form of production, employment and exports. Numbers of registered industrial units fluctuates each year and this paper attempt to study the level of growth of these enterprises in the state. This paper also attempts to highlight the strength and weaknesses with the overview growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in Manipur.
Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Funding - Opportunities and ChallengesResurgent India
What are MSMEs, Why are they Important, What is their role in the Economy and What are the Opportunities and Challenges related to Funding in the Sector? This Research Report from Resurgent India highlights the Opportunities and Challenges along with Suggestions for MSME Funding.
Development Strategy For Smes Through Product Differentiation And Government Regulations With Working Capital As Moderating Variable : Case Study In Semarang City Indonesia
Empowering MSMEs - Role of Banks & Financial Institutions, IT, Skill Developm...Resurgent India
MSMEs are nurseries for entrepreneurship, often driven by individual creativity and innovation, and make significant contribution to country’s GDP, manufacturing output, exports and employment generation. Moreover, MSMEs are imperative for achieving the national objective of growth with equity and inclusion.
GST came to India as a medicine that would treat taxable diseases at one go. It was described by economists as the biggest economic reform after independence. Till the year 2017 indirect tax structure in India was a complex mixture of central taxes and state taxes, here different types of taxes were levied at different stages, which made the tax structure difficult and most of the taxes were not adjusted for this system tax. Increases effect such as taxes on taxes that increase the value of products and services. This economic reform is extremely essential for an emerging economic power like India. Impact of The last deputy speaker from the government, the government and the economy will present its influence in both positive and negative forms. This research of mine will throw light on the study of these two sides. Dr. Sumit Trivedi "Impact of GST on Different Classes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42333.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42333/impact-of-gst-on-different-classes/dr-sumit-trivedi
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Investigation into the Financial Performance of Micro, Small and Medium En...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are an indispensable part of the Indian economy. In terms of Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), MSMEs accounted for about 33% and 31% of India's GVA and GDP, respectively, in the year 2019-20. Unlike large enterprises that are concentrated in the metros, MSMEs are spread across smaller and larger rural as well as urban centres of India. They are also the biggest source of employment, especially in rural India, and contribute to the rural development and industrialisation. MSMEs also act as a great social bridge as smaller enterprises are owned by socially backward classes and women than are larger enterprises. For these reasons and more, the India government has always promoted the growth and development of MSMEs through policy initiatives, technology up gradation, and via other means. Consequently, MSMEs have also grown in multi-folds in the past decades in terms of the number of enterprises in operation and the collective revenue of the sector. Several challenges affect the growth of MSMEs, however. One of these is the limited academic studies into the financial performance of MSMEs, probably due to the unavailability of adequate data. The present research attempts to fill this gap by conducting a financial performance evaluation of 51 sample MSMEs based in the district of Nanded, Maharashtra. The research utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare the financial performance of sample MSMEs selectively using the suitable variables identified by Arasu et al. (2021). Findings suggest sharp differences in the financial performance of sample units. Inefficient units are suggested to improve their return on asset, return on capital employed, and net profit margin.
Signals coming out of world’s largest economy, US look propitious. But it’s still early days to reach any decisive conclusion. We cover this in the section on Global Trends in this month’s issue of Economy Matters.
In the section on Domestic Trends, we discuss the trends emanating out of the recent releases on IIP, Inflation, Trade, Currency & Monetary Policy during the month of October-November 2013.
The Sectoral spotlight for this issue is on Pharmaceuticals, which has been growing steadily and playing a major role in the Indian economy.
In the Special Article, we discuss the challenges and prospects, which the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are facing currently.
This is my Internship Report. I prepare it to complete my Graduation Degree (B.B.A). This report is based on statistical & past data. If it make something good for someone, that will be a great pleasure for me. Thank You.
A Cashless Economy Challenges and Opportunitiesijtsrd
Going cashless not only eases one’s life but also helps authenticate and formalize the transactions that are done. This helps to curb corruption and the flow of black money which results in an increase of economic growth. The expenditure incurred in printing and transportation of currency note is reduced. In a nation like India, cashless transactions are not widespread, and this is due to the technology gap and the lack of proper awareness and education. Though these are the matters of concern, the government or the financial institution need to address them to create a strong cashless economy. Dr. Vidhya Rajagopalan "A Cashless Economy: Challenges & Opportunities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38611.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38611/a-cashless-economy-challenges-and-opportunities/dr-vidhya-rajagopalan
Assessment of Plantation Sector Contribution to the Economic Growth in North ...inventionjournals
Plantation sector as the most important sector of the Indonesian economy which holds a lot of potentials for the future economic and income development of the nation. This research aimed at finding the contribution of plantation sector toward economic growth in North Sumatra using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) analysis. A SAM can be used as a basis for an economy-wide model with several appealing features. It represents a very general accounting model, which subsumes all possible ‘real-life’ national accounting systems. Based on the SAM analysis it was found that plantation sector gives a significant influence on economic growth in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The biggest contribution comes from palm oil and its manufacturing such as CPO, vegetable oil and other similar product. Moreover, Plantation sector also give a significant influence to the household income. This can be showed from HIM of palm oil which reached IDR 1,4348 billion, followed by CPO, vegetable oil and similar product that reached IDR 1,3668 billion. In addition, Rubber oil reached IDR 1, 3628 billion that also categorized high.
Audit Response to Money Laundering by Financial Institutions: An Economic Per...inventionjournals
This article focuses on the interplay between a corporation (its executives and managers) and auditors in the presence of an opportunity to launder funds. Auditor responsibilities to detect illegal acts are significantly different than their responsibilities to detect fraud. In addition the changing audit and business environment conspire to complicate the role of the auditor. The paper begins with a discussion of crime by organizations. This is followed by a review of auditor responsibilities to detect irregularities and illegal acts. Economic theory is then used to analyze auditor payoffs and incentives related to client money laundering activities. The paper concludes with recommendations for both practice and future research.
This slide is prepared based on the position of small and median enterprise. Especially is defined the small and median enterprise separately. The different sectors of sme are also included. The process of loan application for sme load and the documents that are needed for sme loan is described.
Growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Manipurinventionjournals
Economic development and industrial development is considered as synonym and entrepreneurs play a major role in industrial development. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) extend to the necessary support and compliment to the beneficial effects of industrialization. Entrepreneurship is an important segment of economic growth and micro, small and medium enterprises play a key role in the industrialization of a state. It will also leads to economic development creating vast employment opportunities, redistribution of economic power and income, raising the standard of living for the people and also leads to reduction of regional imbalances, disparities in income, wealth and consumption etc. Manipur has got many areas of strength and opportunities that can raise the state into a developed state with the help of entrepreneurship and micro, small and medium enterprises are an important segment of the economy contributing substantially in the form of production, employment and exports. Numbers of registered industrial units fluctuates each year and this paper attempt to study the level of growth of these enterprises in the state. This paper also attempts to highlight the strength and weaknesses with the overview growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in Manipur.
Micro Small and Medium Enterprise Funding - Opportunities and ChallengesResurgent India
What are MSMEs, Why are they Important, What is their role in the Economy and What are the Opportunities and Challenges related to Funding in the Sector? This Research Report from Resurgent India highlights the Opportunities and Challenges along with Suggestions for MSME Funding.
Development Strategy For Smes Through Product Differentiation And Government Regulations With Working Capital As Moderating Variable : Case Study In Semarang City Indonesia
Empowering MSMEs - Role of Banks & Financial Institutions, IT, Skill Developm...Resurgent India
MSMEs are nurseries for entrepreneurship, often driven by individual creativity and innovation, and make significant contribution to country’s GDP, manufacturing output, exports and employment generation. Moreover, MSMEs are imperative for achieving the national objective of growth with equity and inclusion.
GST came to India as a medicine that would treat taxable diseases at one go. It was described by economists as the biggest economic reform after independence. Till the year 2017 indirect tax structure in India was a complex mixture of central taxes and state taxes, here different types of taxes were levied at different stages, which made the tax structure difficult and most of the taxes were not adjusted for this system tax. Increases effect such as taxes on taxes that increase the value of products and services. This economic reform is extremely essential for an emerging economic power like India. Impact of The last deputy speaker from the government, the government and the economy will present its influence in both positive and negative forms. This research of mine will throw light on the study of these two sides. Dr. Sumit Trivedi "Impact of GST on Different Classes" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd42333.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.commanagement/accounting-and-finance/42333/impact-of-gst-on-different-classes/dr-sumit-trivedi
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
An Investigation into the Financial Performance of Micro, Small and Medium En...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) are an indispensable part of the Indian economy. In terms of Gross Value Added (GVA) and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), MSMEs accounted for about 33% and 31% of India's GVA and GDP, respectively, in the year 2019-20. Unlike large enterprises that are concentrated in the metros, MSMEs are spread across smaller and larger rural as well as urban centres of India. They are also the biggest source of employment, especially in rural India, and contribute to the rural development and industrialisation. MSMEs also act as a great social bridge as smaller enterprises are owned by socially backward classes and women than are larger enterprises. For these reasons and more, the India government has always promoted the growth and development of MSMEs through policy initiatives, technology up gradation, and via other means. Consequently, MSMEs have also grown in multi-folds in the past decades in terms of the number of enterprises in operation and the collective revenue of the sector. Several challenges affect the growth of MSMEs, however. One of these is the limited academic studies into the financial performance of MSMEs, probably due to the unavailability of adequate data. The present research attempts to fill this gap by conducting a financial performance evaluation of 51 sample MSMEs based in the district of Nanded, Maharashtra. The research utilizes Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to compare the financial performance of sample MSMEs selectively using the suitable variables identified by Arasu et al. (2021). Findings suggest sharp differences in the financial performance of sample units. Inefficient units are suggested to improve their return on asset, return on capital employed, and net profit margin.
Signals coming out of world’s largest economy, US look propitious. But it’s still early days to reach any decisive conclusion. We cover this in the section on Global Trends in this month’s issue of Economy Matters.
In the section on Domestic Trends, we discuss the trends emanating out of the recent releases on IIP, Inflation, Trade, Currency & Monetary Policy during the month of October-November 2013.
The Sectoral spotlight for this issue is on Pharmaceuticals, which has been growing steadily and playing a major role in the Indian economy.
In the Special Article, we discuss the challenges and prospects, which the Micro, Small & Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) are facing currently.
This is my Internship Report. I prepare it to complete my Graduation Degree (B.B.A). This report is based on statistical & past data. If it make something good for someone, that will be a great pleasure for me. Thank You.
A Cashless Economy Challenges and Opportunitiesijtsrd
Going cashless not only eases one’s life but also helps authenticate and formalize the transactions that are done. This helps to curb corruption and the flow of black money which results in an increase of economic growth. The expenditure incurred in printing and transportation of currency note is reduced. In a nation like India, cashless transactions are not widespread, and this is due to the technology gap and the lack of proper awareness and education. Though these are the matters of concern, the government or the financial institution need to address them to create a strong cashless economy. Dr. Vidhya Rajagopalan "A Cashless Economy: Challenges & Opportunities" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38611.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/accounting-and-finance/38611/a-cashless-economy-challenges-and-opportunities/dr-vidhya-rajagopalan
Assessment of Plantation Sector Contribution to the Economic Growth in North ...inventionjournals
Plantation sector as the most important sector of the Indonesian economy which holds a lot of potentials for the future economic and income development of the nation. This research aimed at finding the contribution of plantation sector toward economic growth in North Sumatra using Social Accounting Matrix (SAM) analysis. A SAM can be used as a basis for an economy-wide model with several appealing features. It represents a very general accounting model, which subsumes all possible ‘real-life’ national accounting systems. Based on the SAM analysis it was found that plantation sector gives a significant influence on economic growth in North Sumatra, Indonesia. The biggest contribution comes from palm oil and its manufacturing such as CPO, vegetable oil and other similar product. Moreover, Plantation sector also give a significant influence to the household income. This can be showed from HIM of palm oil which reached IDR 1,4348 billion, followed by CPO, vegetable oil and similar product that reached IDR 1,3668 billion. In addition, Rubber oil reached IDR 1, 3628 billion that also categorized high.
Audit Response to Money Laundering by Financial Institutions: An Economic Per...inventionjournals
This article focuses on the interplay between a corporation (its executives and managers) and auditors in the presence of an opportunity to launder funds. Auditor responsibilities to detect illegal acts are significantly different than their responsibilities to detect fraud. In addition the changing audit and business environment conspire to complicate the role of the auditor. The paper begins with a discussion of crime by organizations. This is followed by a review of auditor responsibilities to detect irregularities and illegal acts. Economic theory is then used to analyze auditor payoffs and incentives related to client money laundering activities. The paper concludes with recommendations for both practice and future research.
Special conceptual problems and challenges which emerge when the regional sys...inventionjournals
This article specifically studies certain particular conceptual problems and challenges that emerge when the regional system is regarded as the focal point in a study of Africa in international politics then making the study special in various ways.
Philosophy as the study of results of special sciencesinventionjournals
There is not unanimity amongst philosophers as what philosophy actually studies. Various schools of thought exist. As a consequence one school of thought represented by Herbert Spencer states that philosophy is not an individual science but that it studies the sumtotal of the truths of the individual sciences, giving a kind of universal truth arrived at by means of and through a systematic synthesis of various sciences. This then forms the subject – matter of this journal article.
Total quality in teaching and school effectiveness as tools of Administration...inventionjournals
School effectiveness is a different approach to achieve quality in the organization and administration of education. The quality of teaching in classrooms is inextricably linked to the effectiveness of the school unit, as teaching directly affects one of the most important interest groups in education: students. The quality of learning is influenced both by school environment and the activities in which student are involved. The purpose of this research is to investigate the opinion of students on teaching and on the school culture. This opinion can be used in order to create the appropriate school climate with a view to achieving quality in the organization and in the administration of the school unit. This research is original and innovative as it correlates the views of students with the implementation of total quality management (TQM) in the school unit.
An investigation into the antecedents of organizational citizenship behaviors...inventionjournals
The purpose of this research was to test and empirically analyze the effect of commitment, culture, and organizational support on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The mediating role of job satisfaction. The design of this research using survey method with the collection of data in cross-section through the questionnaire. Simple random sampling is used on 200 employees, hypothesis testing using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This study provides evidence that commitment, culture and organizational support is a positive and significant effect on the job satisfaction. The other causality shows that organizational commitment and organizational support is a positive and significant effect on the Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The organizational culture and job satisfaction is positive but not significant effect on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. Job satisfaction is not a mediating role in explaining the effect of commitment, culture and organizational support on Organizational Citizenship Behavior. The practical implications of this research provide increased knowledge and understanding of the employees and the management to make changes in Organizational Citizenship Behavior of the Islamic banking employees to the good direction through organizational commitment and organizational support. The limitations of this study on the sample size using only permanent employees and the Islamic Banks just so limit the ability to generalize the results of the research findings. Originality of research provides basic configuration modeling development towards using SEM and conceptual models that proved the effect of commitment, culture and organizational support to increased Organizational Citizenship Behavior to employees-good direction by entering the job satisfaction
The Analysis of BPJS Surgery Price in Inpatient Room Army Hospital Based on A...inventionjournals
This study aims to identify and analyze how the determination of rates surgical inpatient unit at the hospital under Kesdam VII / Wirabuana Makassar using Activity Based Costing System (ABC), ATP and WTP. This is a descriptive study conducted at Hospital Level II Pelamonia from May to July 2015. The study population was all the financial transactions of the hospital during the year 2014 (for the analysis of 2015) and patients in the inpatient unit of the Army Hospital Kesdam VII/Wirabuana the RS Tk II Pelamonia Makassar. The samples were all financial transactions of the hospital during the year 2014 (for the analysis of 201 ) obtained in general , finance , equipment , administration , all poly hospitals , and hospitalization , as well as 60 patients in inpatient hospital Army Kesdam VII / Wirabuana. ABC analysis using Microsoft Excel and the ATP and WTP analysis using SPSS. ABC analysis found that the actions of Rp.353.352 Surgery Small, Medium Surgerys for Rp.718.157, Surgery Big amounted Rp.3.825.003 and Advanced Surgerys for Rp.12.419.154. Analysis found that the rate is based on ATP Small surgery rates can be paid by all classes ranging from Class VIP, Class I, Class II and Class III. Surgery Medium rate can also be paid by all classes ranging from Class VIP, Class I, Class II and Class III. The surgery rate of the patient can only be paid VIP class. Advanced Surgerys and rate can not be paid by all classes ranging from Class VIP, Class I, Class II and Class III. Analysis found that the rate is based on WTP Small Operating rates can only be paid by the VIP class. Surgery Medium rate can not be paid by all classes ranging from Class VIP, Class I, Class II and Class III. Rate of the surgery can not be paid by all classes ranging from Class VIP, Class I, Class II and Class III. Advanced Surgerys and rate can not be paid by all classes ranging from Class VIP, Class I, Class II and Class III. Price Rational Analysis on the Surgery Room rates based ABC, ATP and WTP patient is where the Small surgerys amounted to 400,000, amounting Rp.1.250.000 Surgery Medium, Large Surgery of Rp.4.000.000 and Advanced Surgerys for Rp.12.500.000, -
An Analysis of the Phenomena That Have Led Some Philosophers to Introduce the...inventionjournals
The standpoint that all observable phenomena in the universe are fitting inestimable material for science if they are studied by the scientific method is basically positivistic. All things and facts which can be immediately learned by observation, together with their relationship and uniformities which is discoverable by reason without exceeding the limit of empirical observation, are designated as positivism. In positivism the belief in the sensory observation of empirical phenomena, that is empiricism – therefore plays a predominant part. Methodologically therefore positivism is in controversial opposition to the metaphysical abstraction of traditional of traditional philosophy. The term metaphysical is applied to everything that aims to go beyond the sphere of empiricism and seek the hidden essence of phenomena or the ultimate cause of things
Risk Perception Of Turkish Helicopter Pilots And The Relationship Between The...inventionjournals
:Aircraft and flight system accidents due to human error sare more common than accidents due to mechanical failure. This study aims to determine the risk perception of Turkishhelicopterpilots and the relationship between their flight experience decision making styles. In this context, the analyses are conducted among helicopter pilots flying in accordance with general aviation rules. In this context, analyses are conducted with the participation of helicopter pilots flying according to general aviation rules (n=308) in Turkey. In the light of these analyses, it is seen that there is a relationship between the risk perceptions and decision making styles of the pilots. Also, there are considerable differences found between the flight hours and decision making styles of the pilots. However, there are no significant differences between the ages and the decision making styles. The results are discussed in comparison to the studies in the literature.
The Evaluation of Smartphone Brand Choice: an Application with The Fuzzy Elec...inventionjournals
The purpose of our study is to measure consumers’ evaluation of purchasing smartphones while considering the most effective criteria on buying smartphones. We consider top five smartphone brands that mostly comes into mind. First, we carried out a preliminary examination to determine the top five brands favoured by consumers. Furthermore, we asked about consumers’ smartphone choosing criterias. Findings of the preliminary examination showed that the most preferred brands are Samsung, Apple, LG, HTC and Sony, respectively. The effective criteria in consumer preferences are noted as price, screen size, heaviness, ease of use, resolution, design and durability. Our main sample consisted of 250 students at Gazi University, Ankara. We used fuzzy ELECTRE I method to analyse the data. Considering seven criteria, we found that consumers firstly prefer Samsung, secondly iPhone and thirdly LG
The Effect Of Economic Value Added And Earning Per Share To Stocks Return (Pa...inventionjournals
: The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of Economic Value Added (EVA) and Earning per Share (EPS) on stocks return. This study was taken because there are still differences between the research study with each other. This research was conducted using secondary data. Population in this research was a with time company incorporated in the index LQ 45 in Indonesian Stock Exchange period 2013-2014. Sampling technique using was purposive sampling. There are 21 companies to analyzed. This study using multiple regression with panel data. Results shows that Economic Value Added (EVA) have positive significant effect on Stock Return, while Earning Per Share (EPS) also have positive significant on Stock Return. Adjusted R Square value was 0,395091 means 39,50% can explained by the independent variable, while 60,50% are influenced by the other variables which have not been included in the research model.
The Role Of Endorser Credibility And Advertising Shampoo Pantenecreativity In...inventionjournals
This dissertation analyzes the role of endorser and creativity Pantene shampoo advertisement in Attitude, Intention and consumer purchasing decisions (a case study in Mulawarman) Based on the data that has been processed and tested using smart PLS showed that: 1. there is positive but not significant influence between creativity endorser of the brand attitude, 2. there is a positive and significantrelationship between the endorser credibility with advertising attitude, 3. there is positive and significant correlation between creativity of advertising on brand attitudes, 4. there is positive and significant correlation between creativity of advertising on ad attitude, 5. there is positive and significant correlation between brand attitudes toward purchase intent, 6. there is positive and significant correlation between ad attitude toward purchase intent, 7. there is positive and significant correlation between purchase intention on purchasing decisions.
Maqhashid Sharia in Clean Water Financing Business Model at Islamic Bank inventionjournals
The aim of paper is to find out the effectiveness of feasibility financing intervention without collateral at clean water financing business model at Islamic Bank. The method on this paper uses a qualitative approach which support by quantitative data of water financing during period June 2013 till July 2015. Nevertheless, discussion on this paper limited by questions: (i) What the links between Islamic banking with microfinance; (ii) What clean water financing Business Model at Islamic Bank?; (iii) What the risk management required for expand clean water financing portfolio?; (iv) How many the clean water financing has been realizing and the qualities of the financing among June 2013 until July 2015?. The role of Islamic Bank as the organization which has a mission not only achieve financial performance, but also social performance, therefore, Islamic Bank provides clean water financing to poor people with appropriate risk management (“al-ghorm bill ghonm” and “al-kharaj bill Daman”). Feasibility financing analysis for clean water financing needs the intervention to give solution for the poor people whose don’t have collateral as the financing required. The most important in the feasibility analysis for clean water financing is the character of the candidate which can access through credit bureau tools of central Bank. The findings of this research are with intervention feasibility analysis approach for clean water financing, the disbursement of clean water financing in the period June 2013 till July 2015 has reached 2281 clients with outstanding Rp2.296.579.363,- and have good quality which means no arrears of installment. In addition, to achieving massive impact for clean water financing needs the role of government to provide financing insurance as the mandatory facilities in clean water financing business model.
Linking leadership style, organizational culture, motivation and competence o...inventionjournals
This research aims to analyze empirically the influence of leadership style, organizational culture, motivation, and competencies on civil servants performance in mediation is job satisfaction. The design of this research using survey method with the collection of the data in cross-section through the questionnaire. Determination of a sample using simple random sampling with the total number of respondents as much as 265 employees. Methods of analysis of data used in hypothesis testing are the analysis moments of structures. This research provide evidence that leadership style, organizational culture and competence of a positive and significant effect on the job satisfaction, while the negative effect of motivation but Significantly to job satisfaction. Then the leadership style and organizational culture is positive but not significant effect on civil servants performance and motivation as well as competence and job satisfaction the positive and significant effect on the civil servants performance. Job satisfaction is not as mediating variable in explaining the effect of leadership styles and organizational culture on the civil servants performance, while on the other mediation of job satisfaction testing proved to be a full mediation in analyzing the effect of motivation and competencies on the civil servants performance.
Credit Cooperatives Development Strategy through Partnership with Financial I...inventionjournals
This study aims to understand and construct partnership model between cooperatives and financial institutions in Papua Province. This research used a qualitative method design which utilizes phenomenological approach. The informants involved in this research are 8 informants who have a background as cooperatives management (caretakers) and employees of financial institutions. This result is the strategy of credit cooperative in Papua to arrange partnership with financial institution is based on mutual principle. Cooperative should improve its management to meet feasibility and bankability criteria, including (a) capital resource, legal aspect, and collateral which should be highly considered by the cooperative management and (b) human resource practice like good administrative affairs, good governance, and trust that must be the priorities to improve cooperative business. These matters can encourage financial institution to arrange partnership with cooperatives in Papua Province which then can make those cooperatives grow and develop.
An exposition of public accountability and public responsibility with referen...inventionjournals
Research indicates that a reasonable number of scientists, scholars and practitioners argue that a few terms and concepts political science, public administration and administrative law are used so freely, and confusingly as public responsibility and public accountability. Furthermore, in many textbooks available the impression is created that the two concepts are synonymous if not equitable. As shown in this article, this is, however, not quite true. What follows is a reasoned exposition of terminological and semasiological distinctions between public accountability and public responsibility.
Impact of Human Capital Development on Economic Growth in Nigeriainventionjournals
The study examines the impact of human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria. The study sought to find out how human capital development (education and health) contributes to economic growth (GDP, unemployment and employment rate) in Nigeria. Investment in Education and health are always not considered in Nigeria which limits the economic growth in Nigeria thereby not contributing to gross domestic product in Nigeria. Poor consideration of human capital development result to high level unemployment, low GDP and low employment rate in Nigeria. The main objective is to examine the impact of human capital development on economic growth in Nigeria. Time series data were collected from secondary source from 1999-2015. The Ordinary Least Square was adopted and finding reveals that human capital development and economic growth in Nigeria is insignificant. The study also found that human capital development contributes to unemployment rate in Nigeria but does not contributes to GDP and employment rate in Nigeria. It is therefore recommended that Nigeria government should re-strategies its human capital development policies and develop a programme to solve human development needs in terms of education and health since there is insignificant relationship between human capital development and economic growth.
Corporate Social Responsibility Model Based On “Tri Hita Karana” Cultureinventionjournals
This research was conducted with the background of the CSR activities that are usually done by the company including the BPR industry. So far, CSR has not been adjusted to the values of local wisdom. One of the values of local wisdom in Bali that can be adopted by companies is the cultural value THK. Therefore, this study has the objective to explain the model of CSR-based cultural values THK. This study used a qualitative approach using key informants are stakeholders of the BPR industry, consisting of: the director of BPR, BPR commissioner, banking analyst, cultural experts, and academics. The number of informants there are as many as 15 people. The results showed that the BPR in Bali has implemented CSR activities such as: providing funding punia to pretend, to invite employees to tirta yatra, took off in the days of Hinduism, planting trees, using conditioned taste, using office facilities friendly environment, provide a decent salary, give a reasonable interest rate, giving social assistance to orphanages / nursing, until there doing house renovation. The various CSR activities when combined with cultural concepts THK then be grouped into parahyanganbased CSR, CSR-based pawongan, and CSR-based palemahan. All this THK-based CSR activities have a positive impact for all stakeholders BPR industry in Bali, such as: maintenance of harmonious relations with the BPR employees, customers and the surrounding community, the preservation of the natural environment is good, and the increased performance of BPR.
Niche Marketing and Value-Based Differentiation in the Footwear Industrial Su...inventionjournals
This study empirically examines the relationship between niche marketing and value differentiation in the footwear sub-sector of the shoe and leather industry in Nigeria. A cross-sectional survey method was adopted for the study and cluster sampling technique was applied to draw the sample from the population of footwear retailer outlets in Ogun State. A structured questionnaire was administered on 235 respondents who were randomly selected. Cronbach coefficient of 0.79 showed a high degree of reliability of the research instrument. Using regression as an analytical tool, the result of the first hypothesis revealed that there is significant relationship between niche marketing and value differentiation in Nigeria’s footwear industry (R2 = 0.961; F = 14.866; p = 0.000). Similarly, the result of the second hypothesis showed that product characteristics is significantly related to value differentiation in Nigeria’s footwear industry (R2 = 0.801; F = 9.369; p = 0.000). The result of the third hypothesis also indicated a positive relationship between market characteristics and value differentiation in Nigeria’s footwear industry. Also, the fourth hypothesis showed that there is significant relationship between company characteristics and value differentiation in Nigeria’s footwear industry. The study concludes that niche marketing is an important strategy for the achievement of value differentiation aimed at stimulating consumers’ purchase decisions especially in the retailing outlets of footwear sub-sector in Nigeria
An Assessment of Impact of Some Demographic Variables on Traveling Behavior o...inventionjournals
A logistic regression model has attempted for determining the potential determinants of traveling habit of Dhaka city dwellers. The regression parameters were estimated by Newton-Raphson iteration procedure. Occupation, Income, Age, Marital status, Sex, Family size and Education were found to have significant impact on traveling behavior.
Support system and its role in entrepreneurial development in India..shadabjamia88
This is a dissertation on Support system and its role in Entrepreneurial development in India....
it was prepared by HASEEB AHMAD SHADAB, A STUDENT OF MASTER OF FINANCE AND CONTROL MFC, IN ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH U.P.
The Prospects and Problems of MSMEs sector in India an Analytical studyinventionjournals
International Journal of Business and Management Invention (IJBMI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Business and Management. IJBMI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Business and Management, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Financial Inclusion and Micro and Small Enterprises GrowthDr. Amarjeet Singh
The persons or firms linked with the either way of
financial transaction are known as participants of financial
inclusion financially included otherwise financially
excluded. The normal way of flow of money is routed
through banking system, post office, insurance and FBFC
channels. The MSE is financially included with operation of
saving account, current account or loan account with banks;
financial transaction with other government financial
agencies as well as some private sector NBFC. Recent
initiatives of Government of India and Indian Banking
system have accelerated the performance of financial
inclusion through various schemes such as MNREGS,
Jandhan, Atal Pension Yojna, MUDRA and so forth. The
MUDRA scheme, credit scheme for MSE, credit scheme for
KVIC & Coir firm, Kishan credit card, General Credit
Card are exclusive financial inclusion scheme for MSE
credit. Out of total size of MSEs, less than forty percent
units are getting benefits from schedule commercial banks;
as on 2017-18 only Rs. 1337 billion credit facilities given by
the lending institutions. The paper examines the current
status and potential prospect of financial inclusion at given
numbers of units and employment.
Problems Of Funding Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Nigeriaiosrjce
This paper examined the problems of funding small and medium scale enterprises in Nigeria. The
study identified the sources of finance, types of finance available to small scale enterprises and the various
financial challenges bedevilling the smooth operation of small and medium scale enterprises and suggested the
way forward. Observation and review of relevant documents were employed in carrying out the study. It was
discovered that though adequate finance is indispensable for the successful operation of small and medium
scale enterprises, government still needs to create a more conducive environment for small scale business to
thrive by streamlining business tax policies to eliminate extortion from small scale businesses.
Growth and Future Prospects of MSME in IndiaIJAEMSJORNAL
In recent years, the significance of MSME has been recognized in the world’s countries for its major contribution in various socio-economic objectives such as higher economic growth and employment, output, nurturing entrepreneurship and encouragement and support for exports. MSME play a vital role in the industrial development of any country. The MSME sector is a backbone of Indian economy for its contribution to growth of Indian economy. This sector is very much important for moves towards a faster and inclusive growth of country. The MSME sector can help for achieving the target of Nation Manufacturing Policy that manufacturing should contribute 25% in India’s GDP by 2022. For that purpose, the government of India has taken a good initiative of “Make in India”. This paper is to focus on performance of MSME & growth and opportunities. It is concluded that this sector significantly contributes in employment, exports and manufacturing output.
Do you struggle to understand India's MSME sector? Our complete MSME 2024 insights bundle helps you comprehend India's MSME ecosystem and make smart business decisions. BTHAWK Compliance Services
Firm level determinants to small and medium sized enterprises’ access to fina...rrpidani
Firm Level Determinants to Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises’ Access to Financing in Indonesia by Rita Pidani and Ishak Balaka. Academy of Taiwan Business Management Review, April 2013, Volume 9, Number 1, pp. 117-126.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)
Local Government Grants And Sme Performance, Evidence From Surakarta City, Indonesia
1. International Journal of Business and Management Invention
ISSN (Online): 2319 – 8028, ISSN (Print): 2319 – 801X
www.ijbmi.org || Volume 5 Issue 3 || March. 2016 || PP-68-75
www.ijbmi.org 68 | Page
Local Government Grants And Sme Performance, Evidence
From Surakarta City, Indonesia
Muhammad Wahyudin, Anton A Setyawan, M Farid Wajdi and Muzakar Isa
FAKULTAS EKONOMI DAN BISNIS UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH SURAKARTA
Abstract :This study analyzes effects of government direct spending to Small and Medium Entreprises (SME).
Some scholars and policy makers belief that government should issues several industrial policies to strengthen
SME performance. This study analyzes those policies in Surakarta city. In this study, we assess the effect of
local government direct spending to SME such as, capital grants and low rate loan to their business
performance. We conduct survey which involved 500 SME in manufacturing. Our resuls shows that capital
grants and loan policy by local government in Surakarta has positive effect to SME assets, capital and turnover.
This study shows that capital grant is more effective compare to other government assistance such as equipment
grants and loan to increase SME’s business performance. In this study, industrial policy for SME is not limited
to business regulation but it also include direct assistance from local government for these business
organizations.
Keywords: local government spending, industrial policy, capital grants, SME’s business performance.
I. INTRODUCTION
The role of the government to develop industries in a country or region faces a debate on what and how
is best way to develop the industry. Does the government provide enough good investment condition so that all
industries can grow and compete well, or the government should intervene to develop the industry which have
the biggest role in the economic development of a region or country? Klimenko (2004) and Sener et al., (2001)
stated that industrial policy in the form of a selection of developed industry, the development of industrial
cluster and location is very crucial in order for the selected industry could give a positive impact to the
economy. Soltes and Gavurova (2014) and Iammarino and McCann (2006). State that a developing industry
depends on its ability to use resources and innovation to develop itself. However, they also stated that the
industry could grow well if there is regulation of the business from governments that support the development of
the industry.
There is an agreement that industrial policy is needed, but how far should the industrial policy that is
needed to be done by the government to build up an industry? In the context of Indonesia, the SME (Small
medium enterprises) have an important role in the national industry. The kind of this industry is the dominant
group kinds of business organizations that dominate the national industry.
Munizu (2010:30) says that the programs and activities done by the government to develop the Small
Medium Enterprise sector, is very satisfying. Since the financial and economic crisis era in 1997, an increase of
the roles and activities of the Small Medium Enterprise’s business sector already appears, both of them
gradually show an increasing development and could become the foundation pillar of national economic growth.
The fact is in line with the results of empirical research conducted by Demirbag et al., (2006) in
Munizu (2010:41) it was concluded that the success of the small and medium enterprises (SME) directly impact
on economic development both in developed countries or developing countries. The capability of SME to create
job vacancies and become a pioneer in innovation and flexibility could meet the demands of the public or
customers.
There are several patterns of government intervention on the SME in Indonesia. Making business
regulations which give ease toward SME is commonly issued by government both on the level of the local
authorities or central government. Other interventions are in the form of a capital grant or a low rate loan, and
bail out scheme is done by charging such interventions on local budget (APBD) as well as the state budget
(APBN). This paper presents a pattern of granting assistance from local budget of local government toward
SME in Surakarta City Indonesia.
Based on the realization data of the Local Budget of Surakarta until 2012, there are three spending post
which had been utilized for the Small Medium Enterprise: grant spending, goods and services spending and
local loans. The posts are being used to fund a capital fund and help Small Medium Enterprise. Thus, the
research needs to be done to find out if the use of those three local budget post is efficient, right on target, and
whether the use of those funds could raise the capital and productivity of Small Medium Enterprise in Surakarta.
2. Local Government Grants And Sme Performance, Evidence…
www.ijbmi.org 69 | Page
Analysis tool that would be used in calculating productivity in this research is a multivariate model. To know
the performance of Small Medium Enterprise before and after being given a grant fund from local budget of
Surakarta and then will be calculated using the sign test.
This research aims to identify the detail of local budget fund of Surakarta that has been allocated to
Small Medium Enterprise in 2008 until 2012 so that the nominal value is known. Furthermore the study also
identified the types of grant and Small Medium Enterprise that have received grant from the local budget of
Surakarta in fiscal year 2008 until 2012 and also knowing the Small Medium Enterprise business development,
by comparing the conditions before and after getting help from the City Government. In the end the study
analyze the effect of the local budget fund grant to the Small Medium Enterprise in Surakarta toward their
business performance.
II. LITERATURE REVIEWS AND HYPOTHESES DEVELOPMENT
Indonesia's Small Medium Enterprises
Referring to law No. 20 in 2008, the definition of micro, small, and medium enterprises are as follows:
1. Micro business is a productive enterprise owned by individuals or entities who meet the criterias of micro
enterprises. Micro enterprise criteria are as follows:
a. have net worth IDR 50,000,000,00 (fifty million rupiahs) at maximum excluding land and building
businesses; or
b. Have the most annual sales revenue IDR 300,000,000,00 (three hundred million rupiahs) at
maximum.
2. Small enterprise is a productive economic enterprise that is independent, run by an individual or business
entity that is not a subsidiary or a branch of an owned company, not controlled or become part either directly or
indirect from the Medium or Large Enterprises that meet the criteria of small enterprise. Small enterprise criteria
are as follows:
a. Have a net worth more than IDR 50,000,000.00 (fifty million) up to at most 500,000,000.00 (five
hundred million rupiah) excluding land and buildings; or
b. Has annual sales revenue more than IDR 300,000,000.00 (three hundred million rupiah) up to at most
IDR 2.500.000.000,00 (two billion five hundred million rupiah).
3. Medium Enterprises is a productive economic enterprise that independent, which is ran by individuals or
entities that are not subsidiaries or branches of owned companies, not controlled, or be a part either directly or
indirect with the small enterprise or large enterprise with the amount of wealth or annual net sales revenue as
stated in this law. Medium enterprise criteria are as follows:
a. Have a net worth of more than IDR 500,000,000.00 (five hundred million rupiah) up to at most IDR
10,000,000,000.00 (ten billion rupiah) not including land and buildings; or
b. Has annual sales revenue of more than IDR 2.500.000.000,00 (two billion five hundred million
rupiah) up to at most IDR 50.000.000.000,00 (fifty billion rupiah).
Sme’s Business Performance
In many countries in the world, the development and growth of small and medium enterprises (SME) is
one of the driving force of economic growth. From research Tambunan (2003) mentioned that one of the
characteristics of dynamics and good economic performance with a high growth rate in the countries of East and
Southeast Asia known as the Newly industrializing countries (NICs) such as South Korea, Singapore, and
Taiwan, the performance of Small Medium Enterprise are very efficient, productive and have a high level of
competitiveness. Su et al., (2015) suggested that Small Medium Enterprise in China have a good business
performance because of their ability in innovate the products and markets as well as build an extensive business
network.
Still according to Tambunan (2000), noted that in Indonesia, from the view of the number of business
units that appears in many sectors of the economic and contributes significantly to employment and income,
especially in rural areas and for low-income families, it could not be denied the importance of SME toward
national economic development. The business groups also have a role as a crucial driving force for economic
development and local communities. Now, SME have a new role, as one of the main factors driving the
development and growth of non-oil export and as supporting industries which make components and spare parts
for large industries through production linkages for example in the form of subcontracting. In NIC, evidence
shows that not only large enterprises, but also SME could play an important role in the growth of exports and
can compete in the domestic market against imported goods as well as in the global market.
3. Local Government Grants And Sme Performance, Evidence…
www.ijbmi.org 70 | Page
According to data from Bank of Indonesia (BI) (2013) recorded until August 2012 only 17 percent of
total SME in Indonesia to obtain financing from banks. Based on BI data, SME that have a bank account only
9,027,461 or only 17 percent, SME without bank accounts totaling 44,796,271 or as much as 83 percent. SME
credit up to August 2012 reached Rp513.192,6 billion, with the share of SME credit toward total bank credit
amounted to 19.9 percent of the new institute.
Baswir (1995) in Nurul Imamah (2008), states that there are four main causes of low performance of
small and medium enterprises (SME) in Indonesia : (1) Almost 60% of small businesses still use traditional
technologies; (2) The market share tends to decrease because of a lack of capital, technology and managerial
weakness; (3) Most small businesses are not able to meet the administrative requirements to obtain assistance
from the Bank; (4) The level of dependence on government facilities tends to be very large.
Patterns Of Government Assistance
Indonesian government realizes the role of SME for the economy so they arranged several aid schemes
for this business sector. Sembiring (2008) suggests there are several assistance programs for SME are
considered to be successful is P3KUM (Productive Financing Program for Cooperatives and Micro), Women
and Family Welfare Program (PERKASSA) and the People's Business Credit (KUR). All three are considered
successful examples of Indonesian government aid programs for SME. In many developing countries assistance
programs for SME is part of industrial policy in that country. Hlaing (2014) in his paper on the study of SME in
Myanmar mentioned that SME in the country also receive capital assistance and soft loans from the government.
Liu (2008) describes the industrial policy of the Chinese government towards SME carried out by encouraging
SME to build a cluster and provide incentives in the form of technical assistance and equipment.
SME in developed countries turned out to get government assistance in the form of direct aid, and not
only in the form of industrial policy. Mills and McCarthy (2014) suggested that as part of the US economic
recovery efforts, SME in the country have easy credit facility and rescheduling bad loans. SME that are
expanding investments also get grants from the government. Matic et al., (2012) describes the pattern of soft
loans from the government for SME in Australia used to stimulate an increase in their business performance.
The pattern of Surakarta government assistance toward SME, use a scheme that is almost the same as
the practice in developed and developing countries that previously illustrated. The grant of government support
SME in Surakarta charged to the local budget. Utilization of local budget in increasing SME’s capital is in
accordance with the Law No. 20 in 2008. The grant of assistance to SME in Surakarta is also supported by
Major Regulation and Central Java Governor Decree. The common form of support for SME is a capital and
production equipment.
III. RESEARCH METHODS
Research design
This study uses a quantitative approach and using research design survey method. Selection of design
research with survey method is in accordance with the purpose of research. This purpose means a generalization
of the pattern of relationships between constructs. Fink (1995, p 6) states survey research design is the best
approach to analyze the empirical phenomenon as "interference" of researchers to conduct research and
construct objects are very minimal.
Population and Sample
Population of this research is the SME that get beneficiaries and grant Surakarta local budget from the
year 2008-2012 consist of capital assistance, production equipment and facilities. The total number of SME that
get beneficiaries are 1200. Based on the amount, taken 500 samples derived from 3 groups of assistance. Sample
size determination is based on a random table by calculating the sample size more than a third of the population.
The sampling method in this research is purposive sampling sampling based on certain criteria of
respondents. The criteria used in this study is the SME that had received assistance of local budget more than a
year.
Variable Measurement and Operational Definitions
This study uses a simple regression multivariate model. There are 3 models of estimation in this study
with different settings for capital, equipment and facilities. The dependent variable of the model is the
estimation of assets, operating capital, income and labor. The independent variable is the type of assistance from
the local budget of Surakarta, the capital, production equipment and facilities.
Operational definition of variables in this study are:
a. Asset is the amount of wealth that is used to support SME production, measured with rupiah.
b. Capital is the amount of operating capital in each production period, measured with rupiah.
c. Income is the number of sales in each period,measured by the value of the rupiah.
d. Local budget grant is the value of the grant budget in the form of capital, equipment and facilities received by
SME as measured by the value of the rupiah.
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Model Estimation and Analysis Tools
The analysis tool in this study are 2 simple regression multivariate models and different test with
independent sample T-test. Simple regression analysis was performed to obtain the value of elasticity changes in
the performance of SME due to the grant of Surakarta local budget. Simple regression estimation model of this
study are:
(1) Asset = β11 Grant Local Budgets + ε11
(2) Capital = β12 Grant Local Budgets + ε12
(3) Income = β13 Grant Local Budgets + ε13
(4) Labor = β14 Grant Local Budgets + ε14
Different test analysis tool with independent sample T-test was used to test the development of the
business before and after receiving grant from the local budget of Surakarta. Estimation model of the different
test in this study.
Description:
X1 = SME condition before receive grant.
X2 = SME condition after receive grant.
IV. DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION
Type of Grant
Targeted respondents in this study were 500 people who had been registered as recipients of local
budget grant from 2008 to 2012. After the survey respondents collected a total of 500 people.
Picture 1
Total Respondents by Type of Grant
As seen in Figure 1 the majority of the allocation of grant for SME in Surakarta local budget is used to
support capital as much as 56%. This is consistent with the Mayor of Surakarta Regulation No. 7 in 2005 which
states that the grant of capital aims to strengthen the capital of Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises
that are not sufficiently financed from financial institutions. While the grant of equipment more focused on
groups or cooperatives,so it is hard for invididual for to get such equipment grant if they does not join in a KUB
or cooperative.
In practice, equipment that has been obtained will be used by all member of the group. So it would be
difficult to assess how much is the influence of the equipment grant from this local budget towards their
business. 2.6% of beneficiaries have received training from the Department of Industry and Trade as well as
private parties. While 1% of beneficiaries had attended the exhibition to introduce their products.
Comparison of Asset, Capital Operations, and Labor of SME
The next descriptive analysis is the comparison of assets, operating capital and income of SME before
and after receiving grant from the government.
Picture 2
Average ratio between the assets before and after receiving grant
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Picture 2 shows the changes in the assets of the respondent before getting grant from local government
funds and after receiving the grant. The average assets received by the respondent before getting grant Rp.
8,487,374 then become IDR. 9.44642 million after getting grant. So there is a rise in assets owned by the
respondent at 10,15%.
Picture 3 shows the average increase per year between the operating capital before receiving grant and
after receiving grant. An increase of 13,44% from an average of IDR 73,946,539 per year to IDR 85,429,598 per
year. Many respondents felt positive benefits from capital grant of these local budget for their businesses. To
develop their business,the main problem they face is the lack of capital for their businesses is the difficulty to
obtain loans from the Bank because of their status as Small Medium Enterprise. With the grant of the
government, the operating capital they get could be used to grow their businesses. Most of the respondents
believe that the grant that they get is in accordance with their business. The benefits they get are:
1.Obtain additional capital business
2. Speed up the production process for the tools recipient
3. Adding the purchase of raw materials
Many recipients who were respondents in this study complained about the capital grant is too small to
increase their business capital. Because they get the grant through a group instead of apply individually. If they
apply individually they will get IDR . 2,000,000.00 but if they apply in group each person is only going to get
about IDR. 500,000.00.
Picture 4
Comparison of the average annual income before and after receiving grant
As seen in Picture 4, an increase in the average annual sales income before receiving grant and after
receiving grant, from Rp. 122.108.874 to Rp.133.463.769 or increase 8.5%. So it can be concluded that the grant
could increase their income. Equipment granted to KUB or cooperatives to speed up the making of their
merchandise. Thus, the total amount of their daily production will increase in accordance with the increase of
their income.
122108874
133463769
11600000
11800000
12000000
12200000
12400000
12600000
12800000
13000000
13200000
13400000
13600000
Annual Income Before Grants Annual Income After Grants
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As seen in picture 5, there are no significant changes to the amount of labor before receiving assistance
and after receiving grant. Respondents were surveyed in this study are SME owner so that the average of their
businesses are run using a little number of labor. Their labor are members of their family as this business is
informal. The grant they get from the capital is not used to increase the number of labor but used for other things
such as improving operating capital.
Next, we employ paired t test to see the difference of assets, income and capital before and after the
budget grant. Table 1 shows the analysis results of stress tests with paired t test.
Table 1
Results of Paired t-test
Variables t statistic Significance
Assets before grants-Assets after
grants
Operational Capital Before Grants-
Operational Capital After Grants
Income before grants-Income after
grants.
-3,010
-3,003
-3,197
0,003
0,003
0,001
Source: Data Analysis
Results of paired t test analysis showed that there are differences in the conditions before and after
receiving grant in terms of assets, capital and income. This is indicated by the value t statistically significant
from testing of assets, capital and income before and after the receiving of grant.
Testing the impact of local budget grant on Business Performance of SME
Testing the impact of budget aid on the business performance of SME using simple linear regression
model that analyzes four different estimation models. Based on the data obtained, it was decided that the
estimation regression model using logarithmic model, since data distribution does not meet the assumption of
normality. Gujarati (2004, p 140) suggests, when the data does not meet the assumptions of normality, the
solution is to transform the estimation model in the form of logarithmic equation. In the regression model
estimation process, respondent data totaling 500 can not be used all, because some of the necessary data is not
complete and there are some outliers respondents. Number of observations that are eligible to be analyzed is
398. Table 2 shows a summary of the estimated results of the regression model.
Table 2.
Result of Regression Analysis
Model 1 Model 2 Model 3 Model 4
Dependent
Variable: Log Asset
Dependent
Variable:Log
Operational Capital
Dependent
Variable:Log
Income
Dependent
Variable:Log Labor
Intercept 3,599* 4,593* 4,944* 0,421
Log Grants 0,483* 0,474* 0,453* 0,374
F ratio 4,240* 3,268* 3,590* 0,505
R2
0,043 0,026 0,032 0,001
Notes: * = significance at α = 0,05
Based on the results of the regression analysis it is concluded that the grant from local budget have
positive effect on the addition of assets, capital and income. However, local budget grant has no significant
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effect on the addition of labor. The grant elasticity value of assets, capital, and labor derived from regression
coefficients of each regression equation.
1. The elasticity value budget grant toward the addition of assets is 0.483. When the local budget grant increased
by 1 percent, then the asset of SME increased by an average of 4.83 percent.
2. The elasticity value of the local budget grant toward the increased capital is 0.474. When the local budget
grant increased by 1 percent, then the capital of SME entrepreneurs increased by 4.74 percent.
3. The elasticity value of local budget grant toward the increased income or sales is 0.453. When the aid budget
increased by 1 percent, then the income or sales of SME increased by 4.53 percent.
4. The elasticity value of local budget grant toward the increased amount of labor is none and is considered
irrelevant, because the effect of local budget grant to increase the number of workers is not statistically
significant.
V. CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Conclusions
1. Type of local budget aid granted to SME Surakarta are in the forms of capital, equipment and trading facility.
The results showed that the aid in the form of capital more effectively impact on the performance of SME.
2. The results of this study indicate that the amount of aid from the local budget granted to SME tend to have
increased from 2008 until 2012.
3. The results of this study indicate that the aid of local budget in the form of capital, equipment and trading
facility positively impact on the increase in assets, capital and income of SME in Surakarta.
4. The results of this study indicate that the grant of local budget had no significant impact on the increase in the
number of workers.
5. The results of this study showed different condition on the performance of SME in terms of assets, capital and
sales revenue, before and after giving the grant.
6. The elasticity value of local budget grant toward SME assets is 0.483.
7. The elasticity value of local budget grant toward SME capital is 0.474.
8. The elasticity value of local budget grant toward SME income is 0.453.
Recommendation
1. Besides capital assistance, tools, and shelter, a lot of grantee who need training especially in the field of
marketing. Most of the grantees in the convection business is very difficult to market their goods. Eventhough
their production increased after given equipment, many of them still face difficulties to market their products.
Most of them sell it to middlemen or to Klewer Market where payments are made in a frequent tempo that could
hinder their capital turnover. Marketing training from the Department of Industry and other relevant Offices can
help their business.
2. For shelter grantee of their main problems is the lack of facilities around their business area. Because the
main purpose of the Local Government to provide shelter assistance is for environmental planning, it is not to
increase SME.
3. The recipients of local budget funds also wants easier access to capital with a low interest rate because their
biggest problem is the lack of capital. Local Government should explain that the grant they received must be
shared on group and the amount of interest they have to pay on receipt of capital is already lower than the
interest on bank loans.
4. The mechanism of assistance from the local government should be through the Regional Credit Guarantee
Company (PPKD) so that the implementation and monitoring activities can be go well.
5. Assistance in the form of capital provide a more effective impact on the performance of SME as measured
from the addition of assets, capital and income. Therefore, it is better if local budget grant is in the form of
capital.
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