This document discusses different types of business entities including private limited enterprises, public limited enterprises, social enterprises, micro, small and medium enterprises, and corporations.
A private limited enterprise is a company with more than one shareholder where shares can only be sold to known existing shareholders. A public limited enterprise can sell shares to the public to raise more capital for growth. Social enterprises identify social problems and create businesses to increase social impact. Micro, small and medium enterprises are defined based on asset size and number of employees. Corporations can be public, owned by government, or private.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including business structures, size, and ownership. It provides details on private limited companies, public limited companies, social enterprises, micro, small, medium, and large businesses, and public and corporate sector enterprises. It also discusses corporate entrepreneurship and examples of organizations that practice it including Motorola, Mitsubishi, and 3M.
This document provides an overview of different types of entrepreneurial ventures including private companies, social enterprises, size (micro, small, medium, large), and public corporate ventures. Examples are given for each type, such as PT Tirta Alam Semesta for a private limited company and Bank Mandiri for a public corporate. The objectives of each type are also outlined, for instance profit maximization for private companies and customer loyalty for medium sized businesses. Corporate, technical and social types of entrepreneurship are briefly introduced at the end.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures and their characteristics. It begins by defining private companies, private limited companies, and providing an example. It then defines and gives an example of a public limited company. Next, it defines and gives an example of a social enterprise. It proceeds to discuss business size categories (micro, small, medium, large), providing definitions and examples for each. It then analyzes growth in MSMEs and large businesses from 2012-2017 based on data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs. Finally, it examines the relationships between entrepreneurial ventures and typologies of entrepreneurship.
This document provides an overview of entrepreneurial ventures including ownership of business, type of business, size of business, typology of entrepreneur, and similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures. It discusses the different types of business ownership including public, private corporations, and individual companies. It also examines the types of businesses such as private limited, public limited, and social enterprises. It analyzes business size from micro, small, medium, to large. Typologies of entrepreneurs include social, technological, and corporate entrepreneurs. Finally, it compares the similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures in terms of size, type, and ownership and provides a critical analysis.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including ownership of businesses, types of businesses, size of businesses, and typologies of entrepreneurs. It provides examples for each category. The main similarities between entrepreneurial ventures are that they all aim to satisfy customer needs. The main differences are in ownership structure, goals based on size, and focus areas for different entrepreneur typologies such as social, technological, or corporate entrepreneurs. Social entrepreneurs focus on social impact while technological entrepreneurs focus on new technologies. Corporate entrepreneurs work within existing large companies to improve and expand business operations.
There has been growth in the number of UMKM (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) and large businesses in Indonesia from 2012-2017:
- UMKM accounted for over 99% of all businesses each year and saw steady increases in numbers. Micro enterprises made up over 98% of UMKM.
- Large businesses accounted for under 0.1% of all businesses but saw small increases in numbers each year.
- While UMKM grew in number and importance for the economy, large businesses still played a role though making up a tiny fraction of total businesses.
A public limited company is a large company that sells shares to the public and has shareholders that bear responsibility for company debts, not individual owners. It raises capital by convincing people to buy shares. Private limited companies are usually small, run by friends/family, and shares are not publicly sold. Social enterprises are businesses that reinvest profits into their social missions rather than paying shareholders. They use subsidies to benefit communities in need.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures based on business structure, size, ownership, and typology. It provides characteristics and examples of private enterprises, public limited enterprises, social enterprises, micro, small and medium businesses, and large corporations. The types of business structures include private enterprises, public limited enterprises, and social enterprises. The document also covers characteristics of corporate sector enterprises and public sector enterprises. It defines corporate entrepreneurship and provides an example of 3M implementing corporate entrepreneurship.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including business structures, size, and ownership. It provides details on private limited companies, public limited companies, social enterprises, micro, small, medium, and large businesses, and public and corporate sector enterprises. It also discusses corporate entrepreneurship and examples of organizations that practice it including Motorola, Mitsubishi, and 3M.
This document provides an overview of different types of entrepreneurial ventures including private companies, social enterprises, size (micro, small, medium, large), and public corporate ventures. Examples are given for each type, such as PT Tirta Alam Semesta for a private limited company and Bank Mandiri for a public corporate. The objectives of each type are also outlined, for instance profit maximization for private companies and customer loyalty for medium sized businesses. Corporate, technical and social types of entrepreneurship are briefly introduced at the end.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures and their characteristics. It begins by defining private companies, private limited companies, and providing an example. It then defines and gives an example of a public limited company. Next, it defines and gives an example of a social enterprise. It proceeds to discuss business size categories (micro, small, medium, large), providing definitions and examples for each. It then analyzes growth in MSMEs and large businesses from 2012-2017 based on data from the Ministry of Cooperatives and SMEs. Finally, it examines the relationships between entrepreneurial ventures and typologies of entrepreneurship.
This document provides an overview of entrepreneurial ventures including ownership of business, type of business, size of business, typology of entrepreneur, and similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures. It discusses the different types of business ownership including public, private corporations, and individual companies. It also examines the types of businesses such as private limited, public limited, and social enterprises. It analyzes business size from micro, small, medium, to large. Typologies of entrepreneurs include social, technological, and corporate entrepreneurs. Finally, it compares the similarities and differences between entrepreneurial ventures in terms of size, type, and ownership and provides a critical analysis.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including ownership of businesses, types of businesses, size of businesses, and typologies of entrepreneurs. It provides examples for each category. The main similarities between entrepreneurial ventures are that they all aim to satisfy customer needs. The main differences are in ownership structure, goals based on size, and focus areas for different entrepreneur typologies such as social, technological, or corporate entrepreneurs. Social entrepreneurs focus on social impact while technological entrepreneurs focus on new technologies. Corporate entrepreneurs work within existing large companies to improve and expand business operations.
There has been growth in the number of UMKM (Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises) and large businesses in Indonesia from 2012-2017:
- UMKM accounted for over 99% of all businesses each year and saw steady increases in numbers. Micro enterprises made up over 98% of UMKM.
- Large businesses accounted for under 0.1% of all businesses but saw small increases in numbers each year.
- While UMKM grew in number and importance for the economy, large businesses still played a role though making up a tiny fraction of total businesses.
A public limited company is a large company that sells shares to the public and has shareholders that bear responsibility for company debts, not individual owners. It raises capital by convincing people to buy shares. Private limited companies are usually small, run by friends/family, and shares are not publicly sold. Social enterprises are businesses that reinvest profits into their social missions rather than paying shareholders. They use subsidies to benefit communities in need.
This document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures based on business structure, size, ownership, and typology. It provides characteristics and examples of private enterprises, public limited enterprises, social enterprises, micro, small and medium businesses, and large corporations. The types of business structures include private enterprises, public limited enterprises, and social enterprises. The document also covers characteristics of corporate sector enterprises and public sector enterprises. It defines corporate entrepreneurship and provides an example of 3M implementing corporate entrepreneurship.
This lecture discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including:
- Ventures based on business structure (social enterprise, private limited enterprise, public limited enterprise)
- Ventures based on size (micro, small, medium, large enterprises)
- Ventures based on ownership (public vs private corporations)
It also examines the relationship between different typologies of entrepreneurship (corporate, technology, social) and entrepreneurial ventures. Finally, it provides data showing that over 99% of businesses in Indonesia are SMEs, with limited growth from 2012-2017, posing challenges for the economy.
The document provides an overview of business environment and discusses how it impacts organizations. It analyzes GSK as a case study. The key points are:
1) Business environment includes internal factors like customers and external factors like government policies that influence business decisions. GSK operates successfully in many countries like India and China.
2) GSK aims to meet objectives of stakeholders like customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders. However, in 2012 it faced legal issues for failing to provide safety data and had to pay a $3 billion penalty.
3) Factors like competition policy, fiscal/monetary policies, and demand/supply influence pricing and output of companies. Market forces shape how companies like GSK respond to the operating environment.
This document discusses financial inclusion and credit options for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India. It defines MSMEs and microenterprises according to Indian law. It outlines past financing initiatives for MSMEs by public sector banks and the Small Industries Development Bank of India. It also discusses the importance of microloans for very small businesses and entrepreneurs in alleviating poverty. Overall, the document examines the credit needs of MSMEs and various government efforts to enhance access to financing.
This document provides an overview of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India and the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. It defines entrepreneurship and discusses the entrepreneurship ecosystem and behaviors. It describes the role of MSMEs in the Indian economy, including employment generation, GDP contribution, industrial production, and exports. It outlines the organizational structure and primary responsibilities of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in promoting and developing MSMEs in India.
Business Environment Assignment Sample - Assignment Prime AustraliaAdam Jackson
The document discusses Iceland Supermarket's business environment and how various factors shape its operations and decision making. It examines Iceland Supermarket's purpose and responsibilities to stakeholders. Fiscal and monetary policies, competition policies, and different market structures can impact Iceland Supermarket's pricing, output, and activities. Global factors like international trade and EU policies also influence the supermarket. The document evaluates how Iceland Supermarket responds and adapts to changes in its economic, regulatory, cultural, and global business environment.
National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsib...Dinesh Agrawal
The document provides guidelines for businesses to conduct themselves in a responsible manner. It outlines 9 principles for responsible business with core elements under each principle.
The first principle emphasizes the importance of ethics, transparency and accountability in business conduct and governance. It provides guidance on developing ethical governance structures and procedures.
The second principle focuses on businesses providing goods and services that are safe and contribute to sustainability throughout their lifecycle. It discusses considerations around product design, manufacturing, resource efficiency, and promoting sustainable consumption.
Examples are given of companies that have implemented aspects of the guidelines well, such as creating an ethics subcommittee, separating the roles of Chairman and MD, conducting stakeholder engagements, and taking a lifecycle approach to product
Unit 1 introduction to business organisationManish Kumar
Any organization that fulfills itself through making a product or service is business. This presentation slides is apt for BBA I Semester students from Chaudhary Charan SIngh University
Status of affirmative action in bse listed companies of indiaBhomik Shah
This document provides an overview of a study conducted on the status of affirmative action policies for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in listed companies in India. It finds that while public sector companies seem committed to affirmative action in employment due to legal requirements, few private sector companies have implemented meaningful affirmative action policies across their workplaces, supply chains, marketplaces and community initiatives. The study involved sending a questionnaire to 145 top companies in India to understand their affirmative action practices. Only 39% of companies participated in the study, and very few had policies beyond basic codes of conduct. The document concludes that more work needs to be done to promote diversity and inclusion in the private sector in India.
Support system and its role in entrepreneurial development in India..shadabjamia88
This is a dissertation on Support system and its role in Entrepreneurial development in India....
it was prepared by HASEEB AHMAD SHADAB, A STUDENT OF MASTER OF FINANCE AND CONTROL MFC, IN ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH U.P.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the business environment, objectives, stakeholders, and economic systems. It analyzes the mission, values, vision, goals, and objectives of Kirklees Metropolitan Council and Shaw Trust. Stakeholders are defined as any group or individual that can affect or is affected by a business. The document discusses how businesses must balance the interests of stakeholders like customers, employees, suppliers, and owners. It provides a power-interest map analyzing the different stakeholders of Kirklees Council.
The Roles of Government And Banks in Entrepreneurship Financing in Nigeriascmsnoida5
The industrialization policy of most developed
and developing nations in the past laid emphasis
on economy of scale which is a concept that
emphasizescost effectiveness through large scale
production. This idea which holds the view that
large scale corporations were the pillar stone of
the modern economy prevailed for greater part
of the 20th century. In recent times, however,
this idea has changed and the importance of
small and medium scale enterprises- SMEs as
the bedrock of industrial development is gaining
prominence. Entrepreneurship development is a
concept concerned with the formation, financing,
growth and expansion of business enterprises
most especially small and medium scale in
an economy with the objective of achieving
economic growth and development.In Nigeria,
since independence, and since when the idea of
entrepreneurship development was introduced in
the 1970s and 1980s, various programmes and
policies were created by successive governments over the years for the development and financing
of enterprises to improve the economy. Also,
financial institutions, most especially the banks
have important roles to play in the development
and financing of entrepreneurship in the country.
Financing is one of the necessary prerequisites for
SMEs development; lack of finance represents a
major obstacle to their growth and development.
This write up will be an attempt to look into
the roles of both government and banks in
entrepreneurship development and financing in
achieving economic growth and development
in Nigeria. Relevant literature was reviewed
in the formulation of this write up. The main
source of informationused is secondary method
of data collection.The paper revealed that most
of the various programmes, policies and schemes
created by the government for the development
and financing of entrepreneurship were either
now moribund or have failed to meet up with
the purpose for which they were established. The
paper concludes that entrepreneurship is the need
of the day, therefore, authorities and the banks
should actively involve themselves in this task.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Banks of Bangladesh in Context of Prem...Aminul Islam
This internship report summarizes Md. Aminul Islam's internship at Premier Bank in Bangladesh, where he studied the bank's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The report includes an executive summary, literature review on definitions of CSR, theoretical framework, methodology, analysis of Premier Bank's CSR programs in various sectors from 2010-2013, and conclusions. Key findings are that Premier Bank engages in CSR through economic, legal, ethical, and voluntary responsibilities. The bank invests in disaster relief, education, environment, health, social welfare, and sports. However, the report found no significant relationship between the bank's CSR activities and its financial or employment performance.
The document outlines the UK government's policy framework for supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It discusses the importance of SMEs to the UK economy and the creation of the Small Business Service in 2000 to oversee the government's SME support activities. The framework aims to address SME needs like access to information, advice, skills/management development, finance, and infrastructure by working closely across government departments and with external partners. The vision is for the UK to have the best environment for starting and growing a business by 2005.
This document is a report submitted to a professor at the University of Dhaka on the impact of loans from National Bank Limited to small and medium enterprises on satisfying the basic needs of credit holders. The report analyzes how increased income from SME loans helps credit holders meet needs like food, education, medical care, and housing. It provides context on the importance of SMEs to the Bangladeshi economy and employment. The methodology section describes how the report collected data through surveys of 35 credit holders in Dhaka to analyze the effects of SME loans on income levels and ability to afford basic living costs. The findings and conclusions sections examine the results and determine that most credit holders experienced increased income that allowed better provision of basic needs
This document summarizes an empirical study on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of commercial banks in central Tamil Nadu, India. The study analyzed CSR activities of 6 commercial banks through interviews with 150 branch managers. It found that banks primarily focused on education and healthcare CSR activities. Most banks allocated at least Rs. 5 lakh annually for CSR. The study found no significant associations between bank type, location, or age and number of CSR activities conducted. It concluded that while banks in the region are conducting CSR activities beyond regulatory requirements, they could further improve CSR performance to meet community needs and expectations.
An Overview of Business Environment: Type of Environment-Internal, External, Micro and Macro Environment, Competitive Structure of Industries, Environmental Analysis and Strategic Management, Managing Diversity, Scope of Business, Characteristics of Business, Objectives and the Uses of Study, Process and Limitations of Environmental Analysis.
Summer 15 introduction to business lecture 1_part 1sakib ahmed
BBA 1101 is an introduction to business course taught in the summer of 2014-15. The lecture discusses the origins of business through the barter system where people exchanged surplus goods without money. It defines business as the exchange of goods, services, or money for mutual benefit or profit. Specialization and international opportunities allow for increased production and trade across borders. Key human elements in business are owners and managers who direct the enterprise, employees who supply skills, and consumers whose needs are met through offered products and services. Objectives for businesses include survival, growth, meeting social responsibilities, and earning a profit through risk-taking, demand evaluation, and organized management.
PT. Mitra Intim Global Energi (MIGE) is an Indonesian investment and advisory company that assists investors and businesses with establishing operations in Indonesia. It provides services such as feasibility studies, partner finding, business setup, and ensuring partnerships are secured and implemented. MIGE leverages the experience of its founder, Dr. Ir. H. Fadel Muhammad, a former Indonesian governor and minister, to help clients navigate Indonesia's legal and cultural landscape. The company focuses on developing renewable energy, particularly solar power, to meet Indonesia's growing energy needs.
The document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including public limited companies, private limited companies, and social enterprises. It also discusses ventures based on size (micro, small, medium, and large businesses) and ownership (public and private corporations). Some key differences are noted - public companies can sell shares publicly while private companies cannot; social enterprises aim to benefit the community while other ventures aim to generate profit. The growth of MSMEs and large businesses in Indonesia from 2012-2017 is also presented, showing MSMEs accounting for over 99% of all businesses.
This document provides an overview of different types of entrepreneurial ventures including private companies, social enterprises, sizes of businesses, typology of entrepreneurship, and public corporations. It defines each type and provides examples. It discusses the objectives and similarities/differences between private limited companies, public limited companies, and social enterprises. It also analyzes data on the growth of MSMEs and large businesses in Indonesia from 2012-2017, finding that MSMEs grew significantly while large businesses grew modestly and micro businesses saw the largest increases.
This lecture discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including:
- Ventures based on business structure (social enterprise, private limited enterprise, public limited enterprise)
- Ventures based on size (micro, small, medium, large enterprises)
- Ventures based on ownership (public vs private corporations)
It also examines the relationship between different typologies of entrepreneurship (corporate, technology, social) and entrepreneurial ventures. Finally, it provides data showing that over 99% of businesses in Indonesia are SMEs, with limited growth from 2012-2017, posing challenges for the economy.
The document provides an overview of business environment and discusses how it impacts organizations. It analyzes GSK as a case study. The key points are:
1) Business environment includes internal factors like customers and external factors like government policies that influence business decisions. GSK operates successfully in many countries like India and China.
2) GSK aims to meet objectives of stakeholders like customers, suppliers, employees and shareholders. However, in 2012 it faced legal issues for failing to provide safety data and had to pay a $3 billion penalty.
3) Factors like competition policy, fiscal/monetary policies, and demand/supply influence pricing and output of companies. Market forces shape how companies like GSK respond to the operating environment.
This document discusses financial inclusion and credit options for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India. It defines MSMEs and microenterprises according to Indian law. It outlines past financing initiatives for MSMEs by public sector banks and the Small Industries Development Bank of India. It also discusses the importance of microloans for very small businesses and entrepreneurs in alleviating poverty. Overall, the document examines the credit needs of MSMEs and various government efforts to enhance access to financing.
This document provides an overview of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India and the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises. It defines entrepreneurship and discusses the entrepreneurship ecosystem and behaviors. It describes the role of MSMEs in the Indian economy, including employment generation, GDP contribution, industrial production, and exports. It outlines the organizational structure and primary responsibilities of the Ministry of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in promoting and developing MSMEs in India.
Business Environment Assignment Sample - Assignment Prime AustraliaAdam Jackson
The document discusses Iceland Supermarket's business environment and how various factors shape its operations and decision making. It examines Iceland Supermarket's purpose and responsibilities to stakeholders. Fiscal and monetary policies, competition policies, and different market structures can impact Iceland Supermarket's pricing, output, and activities. Global factors like international trade and EU policies also influence the supermarket. The document evaluates how Iceland Supermarket responds and adapts to changes in its economic, regulatory, cultural, and global business environment.
National Voluntary Guidelines on Social, Environmental and Economic Responsib...Dinesh Agrawal
The document provides guidelines for businesses to conduct themselves in a responsible manner. It outlines 9 principles for responsible business with core elements under each principle.
The first principle emphasizes the importance of ethics, transparency and accountability in business conduct and governance. It provides guidance on developing ethical governance structures and procedures.
The second principle focuses on businesses providing goods and services that are safe and contribute to sustainability throughout their lifecycle. It discusses considerations around product design, manufacturing, resource efficiency, and promoting sustainable consumption.
Examples are given of companies that have implemented aspects of the guidelines well, such as creating an ethics subcommittee, separating the roles of Chairman and MD, conducting stakeholder engagements, and taking a lifecycle approach to product
Unit 1 introduction to business organisationManish Kumar
Any organization that fulfills itself through making a product or service is business. This presentation slides is apt for BBA I Semester students from Chaudhary Charan SIngh University
Status of affirmative action in bse listed companies of indiaBhomik Shah
This document provides an overview of a study conducted on the status of affirmative action policies for Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes in listed companies in India. It finds that while public sector companies seem committed to affirmative action in employment due to legal requirements, few private sector companies have implemented meaningful affirmative action policies across their workplaces, supply chains, marketplaces and community initiatives. The study involved sending a questionnaire to 145 top companies in India to understand their affirmative action practices. Only 39% of companies participated in the study, and very few had policies beyond basic codes of conduct. The document concludes that more work needs to be done to promote diversity and inclusion in the private sector in India.
Support system and its role in entrepreneurial development in India..shadabjamia88
This is a dissertation on Support system and its role in Entrepreneurial development in India....
it was prepared by HASEEB AHMAD SHADAB, A STUDENT OF MASTER OF FINANCE AND CONTROL MFC, IN ALIGARH MUSLIM UNIVERSITY ALIGARH U.P.
This document provides an overview and analysis of the business environment, objectives, stakeholders, and economic systems. It analyzes the mission, values, vision, goals, and objectives of Kirklees Metropolitan Council and Shaw Trust. Stakeholders are defined as any group or individual that can affect or is affected by a business. The document discusses how businesses must balance the interests of stakeholders like customers, employees, suppliers, and owners. It provides a power-interest map analyzing the different stakeholders of Kirklees Council.
The Roles of Government And Banks in Entrepreneurship Financing in Nigeriascmsnoida5
The industrialization policy of most developed
and developing nations in the past laid emphasis
on economy of scale which is a concept that
emphasizescost effectiveness through large scale
production. This idea which holds the view that
large scale corporations were the pillar stone of
the modern economy prevailed for greater part
of the 20th century. In recent times, however,
this idea has changed and the importance of
small and medium scale enterprises- SMEs as
the bedrock of industrial development is gaining
prominence. Entrepreneurship development is a
concept concerned with the formation, financing,
growth and expansion of business enterprises
most especially small and medium scale in
an economy with the objective of achieving
economic growth and development.In Nigeria,
since independence, and since when the idea of
entrepreneurship development was introduced in
the 1970s and 1980s, various programmes and
policies were created by successive governments over the years for the development and financing
of enterprises to improve the economy. Also,
financial institutions, most especially the banks
have important roles to play in the development
and financing of entrepreneurship in the country.
Financing is one of the necessary prerequisites for
SMEs development; lack of finance represents a
major obstacle to their growth and development.
This write up will be an attempt to look into
the roles of both government and banks in
entrepreneurship development and financing in
achieving economic growth and development
in Nigeria. Relevant literature was reviewed
in the formulation of this write up. The main
source of informationused is secondary method
of data collection.The paper revealed that most
of the various programmes, policies and schemes
created by the government for the development
and financing of entrepreneurship were either
now moribund or have failed to meet up with
the purpose for which they were established. The
paper concludes that entrepreneurship is the need
of the day, therefore, authorities and the banks
should actively involve themselves in this task.
Corporate Social Responsibility in the Banks of Bangladesh in Context of Prem...Aminul Islam
This internship report summarizes Md. Aminul Islam's internship at Premier Bank in Bangladesh, where he studied the bank's corporate social responsibility (CSR) activities. The report includes an executive summary, literature review on definitions of CSR, theoretical framework, methodology, analysis of Premier Bank's CSR programs in various sectors from 2010-2013, and conclusions. Key findings are that Premier Bank engages in CSR through economic, legal, ethical, and voluntary responsibilities. The bank invests in disaster relief, education, environment, health, social welfare, and sports. However, the report found no significant relationship between the bank's CSR activities and its financial or employment performance.
The document outlines the UK government's policy framework for supporting small and medium enterprises (SMEs). It discusses the importance of SMEs to the UK economy and the creation of the Small Business Service in 2000 to oversee the government's SME support activities. The framework aims to address SME needs like access to information, advice, skills/management development, finance, and infrastructure by working closely across government departments and with external partners. The vision is for the UK to have the best environment for starting and growing a business by 2005.
This document is a report submitted to a professor at the University of Dhaka on the impact of loans from National Bank Limited to small and medium enterprises on satisfying the basic needs of credit holders. The report analyzes how increased income from SME loans helps credit holders meet needs like food, education, medical care, and housing. It provides context on the importance of SMEs to the Bangladeshi economy and employment. The methodology section describes how the report collected data through surveys of 35 credit holders in Dhaka to analyze the effects of SME loans on income levels and ability to afford basic living costs. The findings and conclusions sections examine the results and determine that most credit holders experienced increased income that allowed better provision of basic needs
This document summarizes an empirical study on corporate social responsibility (CSR) of commercial banks in central Tamil Nadu, India. The study analyzed CSR activities of 6 commercial banks through interviews with 150 branch managers. It found that banks primarily focused on education and healthcare CSR activities. Most banks allocated at least Rs. 5 lakh annually for CSR. The study found no significant associations between bank type, location, or age and number of CSR activities conducted. It concluded that while banks in the region are conducting CSR activities beyond regulatory requirements, they could further improve CSR performance to meet community needs and expectations.
An Overview of Business Environment: Type of Environment-Internal, External, Micro and Macro Environment, Competitive Structure of Industries, Environmental Analysis and Strategic Management, Managing Diversity, Scope of Business, Characteristics of Business, Objectives and the Uses of Study, Process and Limitations of Environmental Analysis.
Summer 15 introduction to business lecture 1_part 1sakib ahmed
BBA 1101 is an introduction to business course taught in the summer of 2014-15. The lecture discusses the origins of business through the barter system where people exchanged surplus goods without money. It defines business as the exchange of goods, services, or money for mutual benefit or profit. Specialization and international opportunities allow for increased production and trade across borders. Key human elements in business are owners and managers who direct the enterprise, employees who supply skills, and consumers whose needs are met through offered products and services. Objectives for businesses include survival, growth, meeting social responsibilities, and earning a profit through risk-taking, demand evaluation, and organized management.
PT. Mitra Intim Global Energi (MIGE) is an Indonesian investment and advisory company that assists investors and businesses with establishing operations in Indonesia. It provides services such as feasibility studies, partner finding, business setup, and ensuring partnerships are secured and implemented. MIGE leverages the experience of its founder, Dr. Ir. H. Fadel Muhammad, a former Indonesian governor and minister, to help clients navigate Indonesia's legal and cultural landscape. The company focuses on developing renewable energy, particularly solar power, to meet Indonesia's growing energy needs.
The document discusses different types of entrepreneurial ventures including public limited companies, private limited companies, and social enterprises. It also discusses ventures based on size (micro, small, medium, and large businesses) and ownership (public and private corporations). Some key differences are noted - public companies can sell shares publicly while private companies cannot; social enterprises aim to benefit the community while other ventures aim to generate profit. The growth of MSMEs and large businesses in Indonesia from 2012-2017 is also presented, showing MSMEs accounting for over 99% of all businesses.
This document provides an overview of different types of entrepreneurial ventures including private companies, social enterprises, sizes of businesses, typology of entrepreneurship, and public corporations. It defines each type and provides examples. It discusses the objectives and similarities/differences between private limited companies, public limited companies, and social enterprises. It also analyzes data on the growth of MSMEs and large businesses in Indonesia from 2012-2017, finding that MSMEs grew significantly while large businesses grew modestly and micro businesses saw the largest increases.
Local Government Grants And Sme Performance, Evidence From Surakarta City, In...inventionjournals
This study analyzes effects of government direct spending to Small and Medium Entreprises (SME). Some scholars and policy makers belief that government should issues several industrial policies to strengthen SME performance. This study analyzes those policies in Surakarta city. In this study, we assess the effect of local government direct spending to SME such as, capital grants and low rate loan to their business performance. We conduct survey which involved 500 SME in manufacturing. Our resuls shows that capital grants and loan policy by local government in Surakarta has positive effect to SME assets, capital and turnover. This study shows that capital grant is more effective compare to other government assistance such as equipment grants and loan to increase SME’s business performance. In this study, industrial policy for SME is not limited to business regulation but it also include direct assistance from local government for these business organizations.
CHARTERED ACCOUNTANT’S ASSISTANCE FOR EXPONENTIAL GROWTH OF YOUR BUSINESS IN ...CA. (Dr.) Rajkumar Adukia
This article will be covering how Chartered accountants can make the best use of their expertise to help businesses/organizations in achieving exponential growth by assisting them beyond the areas of taxation & regulatory compliance.
This document provides an overview of entrepreneurship from three approaches: economic, trait, and social identity. It defines entrepreneurs as risk-taking merchants under the economic approach. The trait approach views entrepreneurs as having certain personality traits and being innovators. The social identity approach sees entrepreneurship as a social process. Examples of successful entrepreneurs are given, including Amancio Ortega of Zara fashion and William Tanuwijaya of Tokopedia in Indonesia. Small and medium businesses are defined in Indonesia and their importance to the economy is discussed.
The document discusses the role of government in promoting entrepreneurship. It outlines various ways the government supports entrepreneurs, including providing financial assistance, training programs, marketing assistance, promotional schemes, credit facilities, and policies to support small and medium enterprises. The government aims to develop a culture of entrepreneurship through integrating it into education, encouraging risk-taking, and national campaigns.
The document discusses startups in India, including defining startups as high-risk, high-growth businesses in their early stages. It notes that India has over 90,000 recognized startups, making it the third largest startup ecosystem globally. Key government initiatives to support startups are also summarized, such as Startup India which aims to simplify regulations and increase funding. The top challenges facing Indian startups are identified as lack of planning, execution, innovation, funding, and mentorship.
This document discusses how business leaders in India are reframing success to focus on sustainability and corporate responsibility. It notes that both the government and industry associations are encouraging businesses to follow leaders in these areas. Two major government initiatives - the National Voluntary Guidelines and a 2% profit spending rule on CSR - are debated. Leading businesses already report broadly on sustainability initiatives and contribute over 2% of profits to social causes. There is a need to engage more businesses and mainstream responsible practices to address India's development challenges as its economy and global footprint continue growing rapidly.
The report was the culmination of exploratory interviews with India's Business Leaders on the new goalposts for Leadership in a rapidly changing world. The study conducted on behalf of International Business Leaders Forum, examined the thought process and ambitions of India's exemplar business leaders and their organisations on sustainability, inclusive business, and social development.
Unit 12 Managing New Ventures and Entrepreneurship.pptxPrabin Pandit
1. The document discusses various concepts related to entrepreneurship including defining entrepreneurship as strategic risk-taking that results in new opportunities, and entrepreneurs as risk-taking individuals who pursue opportunities others may not see.
2. It also summarizes the process of entrepreneurship as involving creativity, innovation, and launching one's own venture which requires assuming risks to earn rewards.
3. The role of entrepreneurship in society is outlined as generating employment, contributing to GDP, improving economic efficiency, increasing the scope of economic activities, and impacting local communities through regional development and industrialization.
it contain 15 slides that give the relevant point about entrepreneurs.we can know & understand the concept of entrepreneurs by help of this slide & how it is an base of an economy.
ANALYSIS OF THE DETERMINANTS OF THE GOING CONCERN OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPR...Linda Garcia
This study aims to analyze the determinants of the going concern of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Gianyar Regency, Indonesia. The document provides background that SMEs are important for economic development and employment in Indonesia, particularly in Bali Province. Gianyar Regency has many SMEs producing wood handicrafts. The study aims to determine how business characteristics, human capital, social capital, and contextual factors influence the going concern of SMEs. It is hypothesized that business characteristics and human capital positively impact contextual factors, while social capital may not significantly impact them. Additionally, all four factors may significantly influence SME going concern. The document provides tables showing the number of SME
Assessment of CSR Law in Companies Act, 2013 – An Analysis of the Performance...inventionjournals
Introduction: The new law making CSR expenditure and reporting mandatory for certain companies is a new chapter in the Indian corporate world and has provided a necessary boost to the status of companies’ responsibility towards the stakeholders, and transparency and accountability of their actions. Need: The mandatory 2% spending of profits on CSR activities got mixed reaction from corporate executives. To ensure that the enforcement of the law isn’t limited to the term “cheque-book CSR”, regular exploration of the companies’ CSR expenditures and their consequent outcomes is absolutely essential. Objective: The paper aims to assess the outcome of Section 135 of the Companies Act, 2013, in the first year of its implementation among the BSE-SENSEX companies. Research methodology: Secondary sources were utilized for collecting profits and CSR expenditure figures of the selected 30 companies for conducting an ex-post analysis for the year 2014-15. Key findings of the study: Less than 15% of the BSE-SENSEX companies had spent on CSR activities an amount that is equal to or greater than the stipulated 2% of the average profits of the preceding 3 years as per Section 135 of Companies Act, 2013. Implications: Immediate attention of regulatory bodies is desired towards companies failing to dispense the funds earmarked for CSR as stipulated by the law to ensure compliance.
Amazing young business builders INTRODUCTIONjani muni
The document provides an introduction to entrepreneurship and different types of businesses. It discusses what an entrepreneur is, defines a business, and explains that the main goal of most businesses is to generate a financial return. It outlines different categories that businesses can fall under, such as for-profit, not-for-profit, state-owned, cooperative, and classifications based on primary activities like manufacturing, services, retail, etc. The document then introduces the Amazing Young Business Builders project, which aims to foster entrepreneurship in students by having them analyze aspects of business, develop a real business idea, and communicate it to an audience.
Assignment Sample of Unit 9 Entrepreneurship and Small Business Management
If you want to make your own customize assignment please visit: https://topnotchresearch.org/services/
Problems Of Funding Small And Medium Scale Enterprises In Nigeriaiosrjce
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The presentation basically focus on the policy formed/designed by Government to protect/safegaurd the ideas of small Business, Entrepreneurs and Startups.
Business of the business is to do businessAnurag Ranjan
i. The document discusses the objectives and responsibilities of businesses. It argues that the main objective of businesses is to earn profits within legal boundaries in order to survive and grow.
ii. While businesses do benefit society through job creation, tax revenues, and innovative products, the document states that their primary responsibility is to their shareholders and customers, not social causes. CSR activities are seen as secondary to profit-making.
iii. Examples of companies engaging in CSR for both ethical and self-interested reasons are provided, but the document concludes that businesses should focus on their core functions of product development and profitability over trying to act as charities.
India has a large young population and growing middle class, representing significant opportunities for entrepreneurship. With over 400 million people under age 35 and domestic consumption doubling in many sectors, India offers both a huge domestic market as well as access to the global market. Entrepreneurship will be key to capitalizing on these opportunities, generating employment, and driving economic growth. There are already many government and private programs in place to support entrepreneurship development through training, funding, and education.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. is a global financial services firm with over $2 trillion in assets that was established in the 1800s. It has a large presence in India dating back to 1930 and has expanded significantly since. JPMorgan Chase's core businesses include asset management, investment banking, private banking, securities services, treasury services, and commercial banking. The firm is committed to conducting business responsibly and having a positive social and environmental impact through initiatives focused on assisting organizations serving low-income communities, helping clients with sustainability, and creating opportunities for employee volunteering.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptxEduSkills OECD
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
This presentation was provided by Racquel Jemison, Ph.D., Christina MacLaughlin, Ph.D., and Paulomi Majumder. Ph.D., all of the American Chemical Society, for the second session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session Two: 'Expanding Pathways to Publishing Careers,' was held June 13, 2024.
How Barcodes Can Be Leveraged Within Odoo 17Celine George
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Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
Andreas Schleicher presents PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Thinking - 18 Jun...EduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher, Director of Education and Skills at the OECD presents at the launch of PISA 2022 Volume III - Creative Minds, Creative Schools on 18 June 2024.
Level 3 NCEA - NZ: A Nation In the Making 1872 - 1900 SML.pptHenry Hollis
The History of NZ 1870-1900.
Making of a Nation.
From the NZ Wars to Liberals,
Richard Seddon, George Grey,
Social Laboratory, New Zealand,
Confiscations, Kotahitanga, Kingitanga, Parliament, Suffrage, Repudiation, Economic Change, Agriculture, Gold Mining, Timber, Flax, Sheep, Dairying,
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إضغ بين إيديكم من أقوى الملازم التي صممتها
ملزمة تشريح الجهاز الهيكلي (نظري 3)
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تتميز هذهِ الملزمة بعِدة مُميزات :
1- مُترجمة ترجمة تُناسب جميع المستويات
2- تحتوي على 78 رسم توضيحي لكل كلمة موجودة بالملزمة (لكل كلمة !!!!)
#فهم_ماكو_درخ
3- دقة الكتابة والصور عالية جداً جداً جداً
4- هُنالك بعض المعلومات تم توضيحها بشكل تفصيلي جداً (تُعتبر لدى الطالب أو الطالبة بإنها معلومات مُبهمة ومع ذلك تم توضيح هذهِ المعلومات المُبهمة بشكل تفصيلي جداً
5- الملزمة تشرح نفسها ب نفسها بس تكلك تعال اقراني
6- تحتوي الملزمة في اول سلايد على خارطة تتضمن جميع تفرُعات معلومات الجهاز الهيكلي المذكورة في هذهِ الملزمة
واخيراً هذهِ الملزمة حلالٌ عليكم وإتمنى منكم إن تدعولي بالخير والصحة والعافية فقط
كل التوفيق زملائي وزميلاتي ، زميلكم محمد الذهبي 💊💊
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This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
3. Private limited Enterprise
According to Borrington and Stimpson (2013), a private limited enterprise is defined as an incorporated
business that has to make legal agreements. The bank account of the company is separated from the
owner’s account. The directors are the main shareholders in private limited enterprise different from a
public limited enterprise.
Characteristics of this company may include having more than one or more shareholders but can only
sell shares to people known to existing shareholders. The main objectives and roles of a private
limited company are to maximize profit and provide transparency for all shareholders (Bradley, n.d.).
Examples may include Guardant Health Inc that makes a initial public offering to the public as a
privately held company (Investor Business Daily, n.d.).
4. Public limited Enterprise
Borrington and Stimpson (2013) explained that public limited enterprise is the most applicable for very large enterprises will
be able to increase capital and grow internationally. Public limited company (PLC) is owned by private individuals and is
often mistaken as government and public sector. Most large public limited enterprises have thousands or hundreds of
shareholders and not all are involved in the decision-making process but receives the dividend as a payment. Only board of
directors which are elected by shareholders could attend Annual General Meeting (AGM) to vote for major decisions
(Borrington and Stimpson, 2013).
The main characteristics of PLC may include the limited liabilities for shareholders as the business is considered
completely separated towards the owner. The company increase funds and capital from selling shares to any individuals.
There is continuity in all public limited company if one shareholder passed away. The main objectives and roles are to
maximize profit and shareholder value by increasing environmental goals such as CSR (Kokemuller, n.d.). Examples of PLC
may include Bank Bukopin Tbk that is registered in the Indonesia Stock Exchange Market (PT Bursa Efek Indonesia, n.d.).
5. Social enterprise
According to Ozturk (2013), social enterprise is the organization commercializing innovation by providing social
value through activities often done by non-profit, business and public sectors. It could be established by
identifying a social problem and the solution to increase social impact by creating and considering the
sustainability of the new business which could result in a different entity of the business such as non-profit or
for-profit organizations.
The main characteristics of a social enterprise may include the existence of social aims and ethical values in the
business. Entrepreneurs in this type of enterprise are more directly involved in producing goods and services.
The objectives for social establishments to create and sustain social value by discovering opportunities and
earn profit and reduce poverty. The roles of social enterprise are to provide new innovations through creativity,
adjustments, and knowledge to fulfill its given objectives (Ozturk, 2013). Examples of social enterprises include
Du’Anyam by advancing the standard of living of women by opening jobs, Du'Anyam even preserves the rich
traditions that Indonesia has (Dbs.com, n.d.).
7. Small business In Indonesia
Micro Small Medium Large
Net Asset < Rp.50,000,000.00
Rp.50,000,000.00-
Rp.500,000,000.00
Rp.500,000,000.00-
Rp.10,000,000,000.00
>Rp.10,000,000,000.00
Net sales < Rp.300,000,000.00
Rp.300,000,000.00-
Rp.2,500,000,000.00
Rp.2,500,000,000.00-
Rp.50,000,000,000.00
>Rp.50,000,000,000.00
Number of
Employees
1-5 employees 6-19 employees 20-29 employees > 100 employees
Table 3. Micro, small and medium, large businesses in Indonesia (UMKM)
Source: (LAW OF THE REPUBLIC OF INDONESIA NUMBER 20 YEAR 2008 REGARDING MICRO, SMALL, AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES)
8. Micro enterprise
● According to Tambunan (2011), characteristics of micro business may
include all operating informal and does not pay any taxes because it is
unregistered. It is usually located in rural areas and has a poor
management of legal accounting systems. Micro business mainly uses
unpaid employment such as family members and uses low technology
process for production. It is usually targeted towards a market share in the
low-income sector. The owner is usually uneducated and came from a
poor family background.
● The main roles and objectives of Micro business are to survive in this
economy (Tambunan, 2011). One of the examples of micro business
includes Bakso Widodo stated and proven by the website
(Umkm.jogjakota.go.id, 2018, n.d. ).
9. Small enterprise
● Tambunan (2011) explained that characteristics of small business include
some business operating a formal sector and pays taxes. Most of the
establishments are located in urbanized areas, uses some hired workers
and machineries for the production process. Targeted market share may
include middle to high income through export nationwide. The owner
usually came from middle to up households which receive the education.
● The main roles and objectives of the small business are to earn profits
and expand the business nationally. The business has a good relationship
with the government, multinational companies and large enterprises
(Tambunan, 2011). Examples include Warung Pecel Lele Cak Hendrick 88
which include annual sales of 1 billion a year and 4 million a day
(Muhammad, 2018).
10. Medium enterprise
● Characteristics of medium business include all operating in a formal sector and
pays taxes regularly. It is located in urbanized areas and hires professional for
operations, management and accounting bookkeeping system (Tambunan, 2011).
The company has formal organizational structure and recruitment systems for
employees. Medium business uses high tech machineries to maintain production
quality and quantity. The company mainly sell goods and services to the middle to
high-income customers. The owner usually comes from a wealthy family and
receives a good education.
● The main roles and objectives of the company are to maximize profit and expand
the business internationally (Tambunan, 2011). Example of medium business may
include BLP beauty which has the sales of 1000 a day and average price of lipstick
of 100rb per piece and a total sales per year of 30 billion (Putra, 2018).
11. Large enterprise
● According to table 3, characteristics of a large business can be explained as
establishments that fulfill the criteria of net asset above 10 billion rupiahs and a
net sales of above 50 billion rupiahs. Large business is a productive economic
effort carried out by the business entity with a net amount of wealth or sales
proceeds annual is greater than medium-sized businesses, which include
businesses national state or private, joint ventures, and foreign businesses who
conduct economic activities in Indonesia (Maretha, 2016).
● The main roles and objectives of large firm with large production is to maximize
profit, sustain and possibly expand the current position of the company by
decreasing competitors and increase the value of the company that reflects from
the stock price (Money matters, n.d.). Examples include Sari Roti with a net sales
of 2.491 trillion in 2017 (Sari Roti Annual Report, 2017).
13. Public corporation
● Borrington and Stimpson (2013) described that public corporation is the business that is
fully owned by the government sector or regular business that is nationalized. The
government usually appoint the board of directors to control the establishments and set
the objectives and roles of the company. Characteristics of a public corporation may
include selling stock to the public through the initial public offering (Borrington and
Stimpson, 2013).
● Profit made by the company will be reinvested in improving public services or used by the
government to fund other public sector spendings. It is the role of Government for the
productive activities of these industries and setting the objectives (Borrington and
Stimpson, 2013). Roles and objectives of a public corporation may include encouraging
economic growth by providing jobs and reducing unemployment. Public corporation also
protects small business by controlling powerful monopolies in the market (Singh, n.d.).
Examples of PC may include Perum Perikanan Indonesia which is listed in BUMN (Badan
Usaha Milik Negara) which is translated to state owned enterprise (BUMN.go.id, n.d.).
14. Private corporation
● According to Moyniham and Titley (2012), private corporation is
defined as the separate legal body from the owners of the business.
Characteristics include shareholders having limited liability. The
business can take to court if it violates employee rights and the law.
The establishment needs to produce separate financial accounts
(Moyniham and Titley, 2012).
● Roles and objectives of the corporation include profit maximization
by increasing investments. Shareholder earnings must be maximised
through the increase of sales (Suttle, n.d). Example of private
corporation may include Aqua that decided to go private in 2010
(Detik, 2010.).
16. Corporate entrepreneurship
● According to Sakhdari (2016), corporate entrepreneurship is the process of creating new business or
products and services in the existing business by applying strategic renewal and innovation. It
includes actions and attitudes to enhance the abilities of the company to find new opportunities, take
the risk and be more innovative through the assessments in resources (McFadzean, O'Loughlin and
Shaw, 2005).
● The objective of corporate entrepreneurship is to create value and increase business growth,
innovation, productivity, and revenue. Roles of corporate entrepreneurship includes introducing new
products to the market, redefining the relationship between a company with market competitors and
lastly, the creation of a new product that is not discovered yet by other companies (Sakhdari, 2016).
● One example of corporate entrepreneurship was performed in Google as the company applied
entrepreneurship programs such as “20% time policy” that allows employees to use 20% of paid work
time to work on independent startups to encourage them to be more innovative and create new
ideas. Successful projects from this program may include Gmail and AdSense (Bhakhr, Ludena and
Silveri, 2015).
17. Technical entrepreneurship
● Marasco (n.d.) explained technical entrepreneurship concentrates on opportunities and
challenges in opening a technology venture. It involves the specialization of human resource
and developing their skills for exploitation of technological or technical components. Technical
entrepreneurship is not about the single invention that is produced but referring to joint
explorations as each individual has different responsibilities and roles to reach the same shared
goals (Bailetti, 2012).
● One example of technical entrepreneurship applied to Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak in the
creation of the first small computer device also now mentioned as smartphone back in 1975
through the computer and software background of Steve Wozniak and incredible marketing
skills of Steve Jobs as iPhone is successfully launched as sold to dealers as the company
skyrocket throughout the years (Lemelson, n.d.).
18. Social entrepreneurship
● Braunerhjelm and Hamilton (2012) stated that social entrepreneurship is the process that exploits new opportunities to
create social value, mission, and organizational sustainability through innovation. It consists of managing activities that
pursue a common social goal by recognizing a social problem and try to create and initiate a social change. Social
entrepreneurship is about applying sustainable approaches to benefit society as they earn profits (Braunerhjelm and
Hamilton, 2012).
● According to Saifan (2012), the main objectives are not simply beyond just making money as it concentrates on social
wealth rather than generating economic wealth. The roles of social entrepreneurship include facing social problems
and creating solutions on improving well being of society includes making the world a better place (Saifan, 2012).
● One example of social entrepreneurship is performed in Smart Farmer Kids In Action & AgroEdu Jampang
Community. This social enterprise is opened by Heni Sri Sundanto that is concerned with agricultural education in
Indonesia. The purpose is to increase awareness of agricultural education because humans live in the midst of
abundant natural resources. For the future of agriculture in Indonesia, this company carries low cost educational
packages that could be enjoyed by any people (Dbs.com, n.d.).
20. Social enterprise and social enterprise
According to Norden (2015), both have targeted towards a social objective and mission. It is suitable for
social entrepreneurship to be performed in a social enterprise because both is driven by social result
through a sustainable business model so that establishment will be possible to carry on as innovations
are developed through the process of solving problems. With the same targeted market share for
social work, employees and other shareholders. Social entrepreneurs usually form social innovations
and developed social enterprises (Norden, 2015). Social entrepreneurs and social enterprise are key
elements for developing effective strategies towards an existing market.
21. Corporate entrepreneurship and large enterprise
According to Norden (2015), both have targeted towards a social objective and mission. It is suitable for
social entrepreneurship to be performed in a social enterprise because both is driven by social result
through a sustainable business model so that establishment will be possible to carry on as innovations
are developed through the process of solving problems. With the same targeted market share for
social work, employees and other shareholders. Social entrepreneurs usually form social innovations
and developed social enterprises (Norden, 2015). Social entrepreneurs and social enterprise are key
elements for developing effective strategies towards an existing market.
22. Similarities and differences between
entrepreneurial ventures
● The difference between public and private limited companies is that selling of shares. Public limited companies sell
shares to the public and the private limited company sells shares only to relatives and friends.
● In size of the business, the main similarity is that all business including micro, small, medium and large has the
objectives and roles to maximize profit earned. The main difference is that micro business has the objectives and
roles is to survive in the market because owners themselves are in a poor financial condition while small, medium
and large business expected huge growth through expansion.
● In terms of entrepreneurial ventures based on ownership, both objectives, roles and characteristics are different.
The main difference between public and private corporation, is that private corporation are individual business
owners that aimed for profit through increasing shareholder earnings as public corporation are government-owned
establishments that do not prioritize in profit but has the objectives of boosting development of a country through
helping economic growth by protecting start-up company and prevent monopolies to concentrate in one sector of
business that may lead to bankruptcy.
24. Critical evaluation for scope
As stated above, 99% of total business in Indonesia belongs to micro, small and medium enterprises.
The main problem in micro, small and medium businesses in developing countries is financing
(Nurhalim, 2014). It will be difficult for Indonesia’s economy to increase and grow further because of the
financing that is needed from SMEs to further expand to become large businesses. SMEs are not as
strong as large enterprises in terms of productivity and aspects such as business capital and
infrastructure (Tambunan, ). In the other hand large business has accounted for the 1% of indonesia’s
economy which place a critical role in helping the economy to flourish due to the high intensity level of
production and active engagements of international trade even though the number of large enterprise
is still relatively low.
25. Critical evaluation for scope
Financing and loan programs for SMEs are actually available in banks for example, BRI (Bank Rakyat Indonesia). OECD (2018) explained
that 63% of external fundings borrowed by SMEs came from BRI newest financial loan program designed for SMEs. By introducing KUR
(Kredit Usaha Rakyat) program, it encourages more micro firms to borrow money and expand the business. Other banks may not provide
beneficial programs such as KUR BRI, if available, loans programs contains high level interest which is discouraging for SMEs as firms
rather borrow money from relatives or just choose to stay small. If SMEs try to increase borrowing and expand business, there will be a
positive impact to the economy because of higher employment and productivity level.
From table 4 shown below, it shows the changes of high interest rate of 22% and low loan size of 20 million for micro business in 2007
which is reduced up to 9% in 2015 and increased loan size up to 25 million. High collateral is still a problem in financing loans because
SMEs loans in Indonesia is very high ranging from ranging from 238.6% of the loan’s value for small firms and 253.1% for medium-sized
firms. Government try to introduce subsidies to encourage SMEs to grow further and boost economic growth (OECD, 2018).
27. Critical evaluation for scope
Other than financing, legality is also a issue that is faced by the Indonesia’s SME and the economy. Enterprise legal identity
is divided into two business identity, legal identity and non legal identity. Firms will need to be responsible to pay form
firm’s own pocket if there is no seperations of ownership. Most of SME firms stays as non-legal identity and experiences
disadvantages such as unlimited liabilities and uncertainties in continuity. SME firms may not want to go legal due to extra
fee and lack of financing (Nurhalim, 2014).
Motivation behind of micro, small, medium enterprise firms often leads to the halt in economy growth and advancements .
Poor owners in SMEs often is motivated by poverty rather than entrepreneurial minds (Nurhalim 2014). To further explain
the scope, research shows that most owners of micro businesses comes from a poor educational background and by
selling simple and cheap products and services just earning enough to survive day-to-day basis. Imports and exports are
rarely seen on micro firms due to the lack in market connection and low productivity. The reason behind low productivity
may include the lack of capital and skilled workforce (Nurhalim, 2014). Most of the workers in SMEs are illegal workers. In
conclusion, the lack of finance, innovation, education and infrastructure contributed low productivity and the growth of
economy not being maximised due to the delay in expansion.
28. Critical evaluation for scope
Financing and loan programs for SMEs are actually available in banks for example, BRI (Bank Rakyat Indonesia). OECD (2018) explained
that 63% of external fundings borrowed by SMEs came from BRI newest financial loan program designed for SMEs. By introducing KUR
(Kredit Usaha Rakyat) program, it encourages more micro firms to borrow money and expand the business. Other banks may not provide
beneficial programs such as KUR BRI, if available, loans programs contains high level interest which is discouraging for SMEs as firms
rather borrow money from relatives or just choose to stay small. If SMEs try to increase borrowing and expand business, there will be a
positive impact to the economy because of higher employment and productivity level.
From table 4 shown below, it shows the changes of high interest rate of 22% and low loan size of 20 million for micro business in 2007
which is reduced up to 9% in 2015 and increased loan size up to 25 million. High collateral is still a problem in financing loans because
SMEs loans in Indonesia is very high ranging from ranging from 238.6% of the loan’s value for small firms and 253.1% for medium-sized
firms. Government try to introduce subsidies to encourage SMEs to grow further and boost economic growth (OECD, 2018).
29. Critical evaluation for Development and Growth
Source: (Kementerian Koperasi dan UMKM, 2014,
Quoted by LPPI and Bank Indonesia, 2015)
Source: (BPS.go.id, quoted by Pamella, 2014)
Figure 5. Growth of micro, small, medium and
large business in Indonesia (2011-2012)
Table. 6 Development of Micro, small and
medium business in Indonesia (2008-2012)
30. Critical evaluation for Development and Growth
According to figure 5 and table 6 displayed above, the number of micro,small and medium business increases in 2008-2012 and
positively contributes to economy and developments in Indonesia by providing opportunities of employment (Pamella, 2014). However,
large business in the economy decreases which is not beneficial to the economy because large business contributes more the GDP,
economic and productivity growth compared to SMEs (LPPI and Bank Indonesia, 2015). The country need to encourage the growth of
large business to boost economic growth. Logically, medium businesses expands its size and become large firms but the data above
proves and indicates that there is a problem in the expansion of SMEs that causes large firms to decrease in number during 2011-2012.
The development of large business need to be improved to help the country’s growth.
Barriers the stops medium business to expand and grow that is mentioned in the scope may include legality, financing, policies,
employment and tax system. Tax system are poor in development of micro, small and medium enterprises due to high tax rate and often
charged same as corporations and other large companies as high tax evasion is resulted that will slow down economic growth due to
government receiving less money for public goods and investments. Trainings are often not provided for small medium business as
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