This document summarizes the author's experience modeling and 3D printing projects using different software programs like Rhino and SketchUp. The author details two case studies - modeling an ionic capital and a teacup set. For the capital, issues arose from importing a SketchUp file into Rhino, as SketchUp uses polygons while Rhino uses precise NURBS surfaces. The teacup set was modeled entirely in Rhino and printed successfully. The author analyzes why one project succeeded in printing while the other failed, given the software and modeling differences. They conclude more can be done to help software like Rhino detect and fix issues like "naked edges" to improve the 3D printing process.
This document provides an overview of various types of 3D computer graphics software, including proprietary software like 3ds Max and Cinema 4D, free software like Blender and FreeCAD, and freeware packages like Sculptris and SketchUp. It also discusses renderers, related software for tasks like match moving and mesh processing, and resources for finding more information.
3D modeling is the process of creating mathematical representations of three-dimensional objects using specialized software. It is used widely in industries like architecture, engineering, medical, video games, and more. There are two main types of 3D models - solid models that represent an object's volume, and shell/boundary models that represent just the object's surface. Common modeling processes include using NURBS, polygons, primitives, and sculpting. Setting up an effective 3D scene also requires consideration. 3D modeling provides more flexibility and accurate photorealism compared to 2D modeling methods.
The document provides an overview of 3D printing and instructions for troubleshooting issues with the Makerbot Replicator 2 3D printer. It discusses how 3D printing works by layering melted filament using x, y, and z coordinates. The document then details several common problems with the Makerbot Replicator 2 like misaligned build plates and clogged nozzles. It provides steps to realign plates, clean clogged parts, and other maintenance tips. QR codes linked to instructional videos supplement the text.
3D modeling programs are used widely in various professions. In medicine, they are used by doctors to teach anatomy by creating accurate models of the human body. In architecture and design fields, 3D modeling allows for innovative designs of buildings and objects. 3D modeling is also essential in video game development, as it allows for the creation of characters and virtual worlds. The basic principles of 3D modeling involve using tools to create geometric shapes and connect vertices to form polygons that can then be rendered into 2D images.
This document discusses several topics related to 3D modeling and graphics. It explains that 3D models represent objects using points in 3D space connected by geometric elements. It discusses how 3D graphics are used in various fields like medicine, engineering, architecture, and product design. It also provides information on 3D-ready TVs and different software used for 3D modeling like 3ds Max, Cinema 4D, and Lightwave 3D.
The document discusses how the architecture firm NBBJ is leveraging parametric and generative design processes for civic and sports projects. It provides an overview of two case studies where parametric modeling helped address complex design problems and generate unique design features. For the Kintex Expo project, parametric tools were used to develop the curving roof geometry and coordinate related building systems. For the Shell Stadium design, parametric modeling with torus geometry helped rationalize the shell forms into standardized panel modules. The document examines how these projects demonstrate NBBJ's growing use of advanced digital tools over the design and construction process.
3D modeling is the process of creating mathematical representations of 3D objects using specialized software. The 3D models can be displayed as 2D images or used in simulations and games. Models can be created manually or automatically and represent objects as connected points, lines, and surfaces. 3D models are widely used in industries like movies, video games, medicine, engineering, and more to represent objects and designs.
This document describes Debora Alanna's "Tears" digital drawing and virtual reality series from 2018. The series seeks to connect people by exploring tears at a microscopic level and manipulating microscopic tear images through different software and 3D printing to create poly-objects and a VR environment. Microscopic tear images were obtained online and imported into programs like Inkscape and Tinkercad to generate 3D models. These were then 3D printed and assembled in a VR space for collaborative viewing and discussion. The goal was to challenge assumptions about common human experiences like crying through transforming the microscopic into multi-dimensional artwork.
This document provides an overview of various types of 3D computer graphics software, including proprietary software like 3ds Max and Cinema 4D, free software like Blender and FreeCAD, and freeware packages like Sculptris and SketchUp. It also discusses renderers, related software for tasks like match moving and mesh processing, and resources for finding more information.
3D modeling is the process of creating mathematical representations of three-dimensional objects using specialized software. It is used widely in industries like architecture, engineering, medical, video games, and more. There are two main types of 3D models - solid models that represent an object's volume, and shell/boundary models that represent just the object's surface. Common modeling processes include using NURBS, polygons, primitives, and sculpting. Setting up an effective 3D scene also requires consideration. 3D modeling provides more flexibility and accurate photorealism compared to 2D modeling methods.
The document provides an overview of 3D printing and instructions for troubleshooting issues with the Makerbot Replicator 2 3D printer. It discusses how 3D printing works by layering melted filament using x, y, and z coordinates. The document then details several common problems with the Makerbot Replicator 2 like misaligned build plates and clogged nozzles. It provides steps to realign plates, clean clogged parts, and other maintenance tips. QR codes linked to instructional videos supplement the text.
3D modeling programs are used widely in various professions. In medicine, they are used by doctors to teach anatomy by creating accurate models of the human body. In architecture and design fields, 3D modeling allows for innovative designs of buildings and objects. 3D modeling is also essential in video game development, as it allows for the creation of characters and virtual worlds. The basic principles of 3D modeling involve using tools to create geometric shapes and connect vertices to form polygons that can then be rendered into 2D images.
This document discusses several topics related to 3D modeling and graphics. It explains that 3D models represent objects using points in 3D space connected by geometric elements. It discusses how 3D graphics are used in various fields like medicine, engineering, architecture, and product design. It also provides information on 3D-ready TVs and different software used for 3D modeling like 3ds Max, Cinema 4D, and Lightwave 3D.
The document discusses how the architecture firm NBBJ is leveraging parametric and generative design processes for civic and sports projects. It provides an overview of two case studies where parametric modeling helped address complex design problems and generate unique design features. For the Kintex Expo project, parametric tools were used to develop the curving roof geometry and coordinate related building systems. For the Shell Stadium design, parametric modeling with torus geometry helped rationalize the shell forms into standardized panel modules. The document examines how these projects demonstrate NBBJ's growing use of advanced digital tools over the design and construction process.
3D modeling is the process of creating mathematical representations of 3D objects using specialized software. The 3D models can be displayed as 2D images or used in simulations and games. Models can be created manually or automatically and represent objects as connected points, lines, and surfaces. 3D models are widely used in industries like movies, video games, medicine, engineering, and more to represent objects and designs.
This document describes Debora Alanna's "Tears" digital drawing and virtual reality series from 2018. The series seeks to connect people by exploring tears at a microscopic level and manipulating microscopic tear images through different software and 3D printing to create poly-objects and a VR environment. Microscopic tear images were obtained online and imported into programs like Inkscape and Tinkercad to generate 3D models. These were then 3D printed and assembled in a VR space for collaborative viewing and discussion. The goal was to challenge assumptions about common human experiences like crying through transforming the microscopic into multi-dimensional artwork.
DISTANCE Project: Ann Marie Shillito's explorations in VR and 3D creativityAnn Marie Shillito, FRSA
Ann marie Shillito is a jeweller and was one of the applied artists participating in Applied Arts Scotland's Distance Project, exploring the potential of Virtual Reality for their practice. Ann Marie focused on the practicalities of designing jewellery and getting the models 3D printed. This presentation is that journey.
5 POPULAR 3D MODELLING SOFTWARE OPTIONSSonaliYadav50
BIMx, Live Home 3D, Onshape, SketchUp, and SkyCiv Structural 3D are some of the most popular 3D modeling software options. They allow users to create 3D models of buildings, homes, structures and other objects. Some key features include integrated 2D and 3D workflows for construction projects, automatically generating 3D perspectives based on floor plans, cloud-based collaboration, and structural analysis capabilities.
This excerpt from an Autodesk Maya introduction discusses 3D computer animation and its evolution from experimental short films to full integration into media projects. Maya is a 3D animation system that addresses the needs of digital content creators by providing tools and techniques developed with artists in mind, while also offering command-based scripting to build customized tools. The use of 3D graphics is now an important part of television, film, and multimedia projects due to its ability to realistically simulate objects, surfaces, lighting, and perspectives.
The presentation introduces 3D modeling, including its definition, industries that use 3D models, different types of 3D models, and modeling processes. It discusses how 3D models represent objects using points and geometric shapes. Polygonal, NURBS, primitives, and sculpt modeling are described as popular modeling methods. The importance of scene setup, including lighting and animation, is emphasized. In comparison to 2D modeling, 3D modeling provides flexibility, ease of rendering photorealistic changes, and less chance of human error.
This document provides an overview of customizing and creating CAD drawings in AutoCAD. It discusses setting up the drawing page by choosing a scale and units. It also covers orthographic constraints, different coordinate input methods for drawing lines and circles, and modifying existing lines. Dimensioning, layering, printing, and other CAD functions are explained. Examples of modeling parts and assemblies as well as drawing sectional views of objects are provided.
Digital Fabrication Studio.03 _Software @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
Introduction to Additive ManufacturingAnn Davidson
The document discusses 3D printing techniques such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and describes the 3D printing process which involves designing a 3D model, slicing it to generate G-code instructions, and printing the model using the G-code sent to a 3D printer. It also outlines some common applications of 3D printing such as producing low-fidelity prototypes and models or high-fidelity industrial parts and medical devices.
Digital files and photos of the fabrication and installation of a 56 foot long sculpture of an aluminum rabbit in the Sacramento International Airport.
Artist: Lawrence Argent
Fabrication: Kreysler & Associates
3D Graphics & Rendering in Computer GraphicsFaraz Akhtar
Computer graphics, 3d rendering,3d graphics,Components of a 3D Graphic System,3D Modeling,3D Rendering,Illumination for scan-line renderers, 3D Graphics and Physics
L3 u66 modelling 3 d the basics task 1 researchcassie_coyne
3D modeling is the creation of 3D objects and scenes using specialized software. It involves skills like applying textures and lighting models to create realistic representations. Polygonal modeling represents surfaces using polygons and is well-suited for real-time graphics. The basic elements are vertices, edges, and faces, which are combined to form polygonal meshes. Meshes can be constructed through techniques like box modeling and inflation modeling and must be processed with textures before use. Rendering converts 3D models into 2D images and can range from basic wireframes to photorealistic techniques.
Wir uns auf professionelle 3D Visualisierungen im Bereich der Architekturvisualisierung und Immobilienvermarktung spezialisiert. Wir bieten fotorealistische 3D Visualisierungen und 3D Animationen für Architektur und Industrie.
3D Printing, Architectural visualization and the Future of architectural visu...Ogbuagu Kelechi Uchamma
These topics exposes you to the Digital world of Architecture right now. Architecture has grown from mere sketches drawn with paper and pencils to 3D models which can be printed or visualized graphically at all angles in the most appealing way possible. Find out more as you go through the slides.
Cheers!
3D printing involves modeling a 3D design, printing the object layer by layer using materials like plastic or metal powder, and sometimes removing supports. The document discusses the history and principles of 3D printing, common materials used like ABS plastic and nylon, and applications in industries like manufacturing, clothing, and more. Advances in 3D printing may change manufacturing by allowing distributed production worldwide.
The document discusses graphic standards for CAD systems. It covers the components of a CAD database including geometric entities and coordinate points. It emphasizes the need for standards to facilitate data exchange between CAD, analysis, and manufacturing software. Common standards discussed include GKS, PHIGS, DXF, IGES, and STEP files, which allow translation between different CAD packages using neutral file formats. Key geometric transformations like translation, rotation, and scaling are also summarized in the context of how they are used in CAD modeling and animation.
FREECAD is a free and open-source 3D CAD modeler and BIM software intended for mechanical engineering but also other engineering uses, with parametric modeling and finite element analysis support. NanoCAD is an easy-to-use CAD application that provides high performance and full capability for 2D drafting and 3D modeling in various industries using the DWG format. Sculptris is a virtual sculpting software focused on modeling clay and organic 3D models that can generate normal and displacement maps.
This document discusses how SketchUp can be used for construction project planning and management. It describes how a dynamic component database can be created in SketchUp to represent various construction elements like pipes, valves, concrete, and steel. These components can have attributes and behaviors assigned. The document also discusses how the component database allows collaboration between project stakeholders to assemble a 3D model for preconstruction planning purposes, including generating accurate bills of materials and construction drawings that can be updated automatically when changes are made to the SketchUp model.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
Revisualizing Lost Philadelphia - Skaggs, EthanEthan Skaggs
Latrobe's Bank of Pennsylvania (1798-1801) was his first major work in Philadelphia and the first example of Greek Revival architecture in America. The marble-faced building featured Ionic columns and a domed rotunda inspired by classical Greek architecture. Latrobe designed the interior with a unique circular plan and domed ceilings to emphasize simplicity and openness. The symmetrical exterior and carefully proportioned elements established Latrobe as an expert in Greek Revival styles and influenced later municipal architecture in the city.
El documento habla sobre las diferentes disciplinas del atletismo como deporte. Algunas de las actividades que se mencionan son carreras de velocidad, salto de longitud y lanzamiento de bala. El texto busca introducir a los niños en las diversas formas de practicar el atletismo.
DISTANCE Project: Ann Marie Shillito's explorations in VR and 3D creativityAnn Marie Shillito, FRSA
Ann marie Shillito is a jeweller and was one of the applied artists participating in Applied Arts Scotland's Distance Project, exploring the potential of Virtual Reality for their practice. Ann Marie focused on the practicalities of designing jewellery and getting the models 3D printed. This presentation is that journey.
5 POPULAR 3D MODELLING SOFTWARE OPTIONSSonaliYadav50
BIMx, Live Home 3D, Onshape, SketchUp, and SkyCiv Structural 3D are some of the most popular 3D modeling software options. They allow users to create 3D models of buildings, homes, structures and other objects. Some key features include integrated 2D and 3D workflows for construction projects, automatically generating 3D perspectives based on floor plans, cloud-based collaboration, and structural analysis capabilities.
This excerpt from an Autodesk Maya introduction discusses 3D computer animation and its evolution from experimental short films to full integration into media projects. Maya is a 3D animation system that addresses the needs of digital content creators by providing tools and techniques developed with artists in mind, while also offering command-based scripting to build customized tools. The use of 3D graphics is now an important part of television, film, and multimedia projects due to its ability to realistically simulate objects, surfaces, lighting, and perspectives.
The presentation introduces 3D modeling, including its definition, industries that use 3D models, different types of 3D models, and modeling processes. It discusses how 3D models represent objects using points and geometric shapes. Polygonal, NURBS, primitives, and sculpt modeling are described as popular modeling methods. The importance of scene setup, including lighting and animation, is emphasized. In comparison to 2D modeling, 3D modeling provides flexibility, ease of rendering photorealistic changes, and less chance of human error.
This document provides an overview of customizing and creating CAD drawings in AutoCAD. It discusses setting up the drawing page by choosing a scale and units. It also covers orthographic constraints, different coordinate input methods for drawing lines and circles, and modifying existing lines. Dimensioning, layering, printing, and other CAD functions are explained. Examples of modeling parts and assemblies as well as drawing sectional views of objects are provided.
Digital Fabrication Studio.03 _Software @ Aalto Media FactoryMassimo Menichinelli
DIGITAL FABRICATION STUDIO (25438)
The course provides a general understanding on how to design and manufacture products and prototypes in a Fab Lab, using digital fabrication technologies and understanding their features and limits.
Students will learn how information shapes design, manufacturing and collaboration processes and artifacts in a Fab Lab. They will learn how to digitally fabricate a project or how to digitally modify an existing project; students will also learn how to manage, embed and retrieve information about a project. Projects and prototypes developed and manufactured in this course will not be interactive.
The course consists of lectures and a group project to be digitally fabricated, be it a project already designed but not yet realized or be it the modification of an existing project. Every lecture (3 hours) includes time for testing the technologies covered (1 hour) and for developing part of the group project and for receiving feedback about it (1 hour).
http://mlab.taik.fi/studies/courses/course?id=1963
Introduction to Additive ManufacturingAnn Davidson
The document discusses 3D printing techniques such as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), Stereolithography (SLA), and Selective Laser Sintering (SLS) and describes the 3D printing process which involves designing a 3D model, slicing it to generate G-code instructions, and printing the model using the G-code sent to a 3D printer. It also outlines some common applications of 3D printing such as producing low-fidelity prototypes and models or high-fidelity industrial parts and medical devices.
Digital files and photos of the fabrication and installation of a 56 foot long sculpture of an aluminum rabbit in the Sacramento International Airport.
Artist: Lawrence Argent
Fabrication: Kreysler & Associates
3D Graphics & Rendering in Computer GraphicsFaraz Akhtar
Computer graphics, 3d rendering,3d graphics,Components of a 3D Graphic System,3D Modeling,3D Rendering,Illumination for scan-line renderers, 3D Graphics and Physics
L3 u66 modelling 3 d the basics task 1 researchcassie_coyne
3D modeling is the creation of 3D objects and scenes using specialized software. It involves skills like applying textures and lighting models to create realistic representations. Polygonal modeling represents surfaces using polygons and is well-suited for real-time graphics. The basic elements are vertices, edges, and faces, which are combined to form polygonal meshes. Meshes can be constructed through techniques like box modeling and inflation modeling and must be processed with textures before use. Rendering converts 3D models into 2D images and can range from basic wireframes to photorealistic techniques.
Wir uns auf professionelle 3D Visualisierungen im Bereich der Architekturvisualisierung und Immobilienvermarktung spezialisiert. Wir bieten fotorealistische 3D Visualisierungen und 3D Animationen für Architektur und Industrie.
3D Printing, Architectural visualization and the Future of architectural visu...Ogbuagu Kelechi Uchamma
These topics exposes you to the Digital world of Architecture right now. Architecture has grown from mere sketches drawn with paper and pencils to 3D models which can be printed or visualized graphically at all angles in the most appealing way possible. Find out more as you go through the slides.
Cheers!
3D printing involves modeling a 3D design, printing the object layer by layer using materials like plastic or metal powder, and sometimes removing supports. The document discusses the history and principles of 3D printing, common materials used like ABS plastic and nylon, and applications in industries like manufacturing, clothing, and more. Advances in 3D printing may change manufacturing by allowing distributed production worldwide.
The document discusses graphic standards for CAD systems. It covers the components of a CAD database including geometric entities and coordinate points. It emphasizes the need for standards to facilitate data exchange between CAD, analysis, and manufacturing software. Common standards discussed include GKS, PHIGS, DXF, IGES, and STEP files, which allow translation between different CAD packages using neutral file formats. Key geometric transformations like translation, rotation, and scaling are also summarized in the context of how they are used in CAD modeling and animation.
FREECAD is a free and open-source 3D CAD modeler and BIM software intended for mechanical engineering but also other engineering uses, with parametric modeling and finite element analysis support. NanoCAD is an easy-to-use CAD application that provides high performance and full capability for 2D drafting and 3D modeling in various industries using the DWG format. Sculptris is a virtual sculpting software focused on modeling clay and organic 3D models that can generate normal and displacement maps.
This document discusses how SketchUp can be used for construction project planning and management. It describes how a dynamic component database can be created in SketchUp to represent various construction elements like pipes, valves, concrete, and steel. These components can have attributes and behaviors assigned. The document also discusses how the component database allows collaboration between project stakeholders to assemble a 3D model for preconstruction planning purposes, including generating accurate bills of materials and construction drawings that can be updated automatically when changes are made to the SketchUp model.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un paquete de sanciones contra Rusia por su invasión de Ucrania. Las sanciones incluyen restricciones a las importaciones de productos rusos de alta tecnología y a las exportaciones de bienes de lujo a Rusia. Además, se congelarán los activos de varios oligarcas rusos y se prohibirá el acceso de los bancos rusos a los mercados financieros de la UE.
Revisualizing Lost Philadelphia - Skaggs, EthanEthan Skaggs
Latrobe's Bank of Pennsylvania (1798-1801) was his first major work in Philadelphia and the first example of Greek Revival architecture in America. The marble-faced building featured Ionic columns and a domed rotunda inspired by classical Greek architecture. Latrobe designed the interior with a unique circular plan and domed ceilings to emphasize simplicity and openness. The symmetrical exterior and carefully proportioned elements established Latrobe as an expert in Greek Revival styles and influenced later municipal architecture in the city.
El documento habla sobre las diferentes disciplinas del atletismo como deporte. Algunas de las actividades que se mencionan son carreras de velocidad, salto de longitud y lanzamiento de bala. El texto busca introducir a los niños en las diversas formas de practicar el atletismo.
El documento habla sobre el trabajo de un panadero. Un panadero se encarga de preparar y hornear pan y otros productos de panadería. Trabajan en horarios tempranos para tener el pan listo para la venta cada mañana. Se requiere habilidad y cuidado para mezclar e amasar los ingredientes correctamente y sacar el pan del horno a la temperatura adecuada.
El documento habla sobre el rol de Técnico en Emergencias Sanitarias. Este profesional brinda los primeros auxilios médicos y el traslado de pacientes hacia centros de salud. El Técnico en Emergencias Sanitarias es responsable de evaluar y estabilizar cualquier situación de emergencia médica hasta la llegada de personal médico especializado.
La clase visitó una peluquería donde las peluqueras les mostraron los utensilios que usan en su trabajo como tijeras, peines y secadores antes de arreglar el cabello de los estudiantes y dejarlos guapos.
Las serpientes son reptiles sin patas con cuerpos alargados que se desplazan arrastrándose. Se alimentan de varios animales pequeños e incluso pueden comer cerdos. Algunas son venenosas y usan su veneno para cazar presas. Las serpientes viven en casi todo el mundo excepto la Antártida y mudan su piel periódicamente.
Juan es un músico que toca el violín en la orquesta de la ciudad. Aunque le encanta la música, últimamente ha tenido dificultades para concentrarse durante los conciertos debido a problemas personales. La directora de la orquesta nota que Juan no está tocando tan bien como solía hacerlo y decide hablar con él para ver cómo puede ayudarlo.
El documento proporciona información sobre las vacas y los osos. Describe que las vacas son mamíferos domésticos criados en granjas para producir leche, carne y cuero. También habla sobre los osos pardos, pandas y polares, explicando sus características como su dieta, hábitat y comportamiento.
La Unión Europea ha acordado un embargo petrolero contra Rusia en respuesta a la invasión de Ucrania. El embargo prohibirá las importaciones marítimas de petróleo ruso a la UE y pondrá fin a las entregas a través de oleoductos dentro de seis meses. Esta medida forma parte de un sexto paquete de sanciones de la UE destinadas a aumentar la presión económica sobre Moscú y privar al Kremlin de fondos para financiar su guerra.
3D modeling is used across many industries like video games, film, and education. It involves creating 3D objects and environments using software like 3D Max. There are three main ways to represent 3D models: polygonal modeling using vertices and faces, curve modeling using control points, and digital sculpting. Popular 3D modeling software includes 3ds Max, SketchUp, LightWave, and Blender, which offer tools for modeling, animation, rendering, and more. While 3D modeling is useful, large or complex projects can experience lag and have huge file sizes and render times.
3D modeling is used widely in industries such as television/film, construction, and science. It can be used to simulate operations and potentially save lives in scientific contexts. There are three main ways to represent 3D models: polygonal modeling using points and lines, curve modeling using curves and control points, and digital sculpting using displacement maps. Popular 3D modeling software includes 3ds Max, Maya, Cinema 4D, and SketchUp. Constraints of these programs include large memory and storage usage as well as long render times for complex models.
Digital design uses computer skills and creativity to design visuals for electronic technology. It includes fields like web design, digital imaging, and 3D modeling. Digital design creates graphics and designs for the web, TV, print, and portable devices using computers, graphics tablets, and other electronic tools. It is an evolving industry that explores new technologies. Digital design has many applications including web design, 3D modeling for movies, architectural planning, and product design. 3D modeling involves creating mathematical representations of objects, placing them in virtual scenes, and rendering them into images. Popular 3D modeling programs include 3Ds Max, Maya, SketchUp, Rhino, CATIA, and SolidWorks.
3 d cad cam and rapid prototypingv1.1 2navannandha
The document provides an overview of 3D CAD modeling for rapid prototyping and different rapid prototyping technologies. It discusses converting 3D CAD models to an STL file format, which is understood by most rapid prototyping software. It also covers several common rapid prototyping processes like stereolithography, laminated object manufacturing, and fused deposition modeling. The document compares additive rapid prototyping to subtractive CNC machining.
Will Robots Replace Designers? No. It's more like an exoskeleton for designers. Algorithm-driven design tools can help us to construct a UI, prepare assets and content, and personalize the user experience. In 2016 the technological foundations of these tools became easily accessible, and the design community got interested in algorithms, neural networks and artificial intelligence (AI). Now is the time to rethink the modern role of the designer.
Computer-aided design (CAD) uses computer systems to assist in the creation, modification, analysis, or optimization of designs. CAD outputs are often electronic files used for manufacturing. Computer-aided manufacturing (CAM) uses software to control machine tools for faster, more precise production. 3D modeling software like Rhino can create, edit, and analyze complex NURBS and polygon mesh models. 3D printing started in the 1980s and builds 3D objects by adding layers based on a digital file. It offers advantages like low material waste and energy efficiency over conventional manufacturing. Students will learn CAD, 3D printing, scanning, and laser cutting through assignments applying these techniques to solve design problems.
This document discusses 3D modeling and the software tools used for 3D production. It describes the main ways that 3D models are represented, including polygonal modeling, curve modeling, and digital sculpting. Popular 3D modeling software mentioned include Autodesk 3ds Max, SketchUp, LightWave, and Blender, along with brief descriptions of their modeling, animation, and rendering capabilities.
Application of 3d max for 3d development and rendering and its merits Bismi S
3ds Max is 3D modeling software that uses polygon modeling, subdivision surfaces, and sculpting tools to create 3D models. It supports NURBS modeling as well. 3ds Max can be used to create animations, models, games and images for movies, TV, video games and architectural visualization. It includes tools for UV mapping, materials, animation, rendering and scripting to provide a full 3D development environment.
The slide presents introduction to computer aided design and drafting, and introduction to AutoCAD software. 2D and 3D modelling using AutoCAD software is presented.
3D Modelling, Animation, Rendering, and Compositing Solutions for a variety of Industries, including Engineering and Architectural design (Building and Landscape), Motion Graphics, Game Design, and Film Editing.
3D models are used for a variety of mediums including video games, movies, architecture, illustration, engineering, and commercial advertising. The 3D modeling process produces a digital object capable of being fully animated, making it an essential process for character animation and special effects.
There are three main ways to represent 3D models: polygonal modeling using vertices and faces, curve modeling using control points and surfaces, and digital sculpting which directly modifies polygon positions. Modeling programs allow creating 3D objects and include tools for constructive solid geometry, implicit surfaces, and subdivision surfaces. Popular commercial programs are 3ds Max, SketchUp, and LightWave, while Blender is a free and open-source option.
This document provides an introduction to computer graphics. It begins by defining computer graphics as using computers to generate and manipulate visual images and discusses how computer graphics has evolved from traditional technical drawings. The document then outlines several key applications of computer graphics, including presentation graphics, painting/drawing, photo editing, scientific visualization, image processing, education/training/entertainment, simulations, and animation/games. It also describes common graphics hardware components like input/output and display devices. The overall purpose is to introduce the field of computer graphics and discuss its uses and technologies.
Wireless network implementation is a viable option for building network infrastructure in rural communities. Rural people lack network infrastructures for information services and socio-economic development. The aim of this study was to develop a wireless network infrastructure architecture for network services to rural dwellers. A user-centered approach was applied in the study and a wireless network infrastructure was designed and deployed to cover five rural locations. Data was collected and analyzed to assess the performance of the network facilities. The results shows that the system had been performing adequately without any downtime with an average of 200 users per month and the quality of service has remained high. The transmit/receive rate of 300Mbps was thrice as fast as the normal Ethernet transmit/receive specification with an average throughput of 1 Mbps. The multiple output/multiple input (MIMO) point-to-multipoint network design increased the network throughput and the quality of service experienced by the users.
3D reconstruction is a technique used in computer vision which has a wide range of applications in areas like object recognition, city modelling, virtual reality, physical simulations, video games and special effects. Previously, to perform a 3D reconstruction, specialized hardwares were required. Such systems were often very expensive and was only available for industrial or research purpose. With the rise of the availability of high-quality low cost 3D sensors, it is now possible to design inexpensive complete 3D scanning systems. The objective of this work was to design an acquisition and processing system that can perform 3D scanning and reconstruction of objects seamlessly. In addition, the goal of this work also included making the 3D scanning process fully automated by building and integrating a turntable alongside the software. This means the user can perform a full 3D scan only by a press of a few buttons from our dedicated graphical user interface. Three main steps were followed to go from acquisition of point clouds to the finished reconstructed 3D model. First, our system acquires point cloud data of a person/object using inexpensive camera sensor. Second, align and convert the acquired point cloud data into a watertight mesh of good quality. Third, export the reconstructed model to a 3D printer to obtain a proper 3D print of the model.
COMPLETE END-TO-END LOW COST SOLUTION TO A 3D SCANNING SYSTEM WITH INTEGRATED...ijcsit
3D reconstruction is a technique used in computer vision which has a wide range of applications in
areas like object recognition, city modelling, virtual reality, physical simulations, video games and
special effects. Previously, to perform a 3D reconstruction, specialized hardwares were required.
Such systems were often very expensive and was only available for industrial or research purpose.
With the rise of the availability of high-quality low cost 3D sensors, it is now possible to design
inexpensive complete 3D scanning systems. The objective of this work was to design an acquisition and
processing system that can perform 3D scanning and reconstruction of objects seamlessly. In addition,
the goal of this work also included making the 3D scanning process fully automated by building and
integrating a turntable alongside the software. This means the user can perform a full 3D scan only by
a press of a few buttons from our dedicated graphical user interface. Three main steps were followed
to go from acquisition of point clouds to the finished reconstructed 3D model. First, our system
acquires point cloud data of a person/object using inexpensive camera sensor. Second, align and
convert the acquired point cloud data into a watertight mesh of good quality. Third, export the
reconstructed model to a 3D printer to obtain a proper 3D print of the model.
The document describes the development of a low-cost 3D scanning system using an integrated turntable. Key points:
1) The system uses an inexpensive Kinect sensor and open-source Point Cloud Library to acquire 3D point cloud data of an object placed on an automated turntable.
2) The turntable is designed to be low-cost, using a modified twist board powered by a DC motor controlled via an Arduino microcontroller.
3) The software synchronizes point cloud acquisition with turntable rotation to automatically capture data from multiple angles and register them into a single aligned point cloud for surface reconstruction.
3-Phase Recognition Approach to Pseudo 3D Building Generation from 2D Floor P...ijcga
This document presents a 3-phase approach to automatically generate a pseudo-3D building model from a 2D floor plan image. The 3 phases are:
1. Image processing phase which extracts architectural symbols like walls, windows and doors from the image using techniques like edge detection, line extraction and region growing.
2. Save module phase which stores the extracted symbol information like positions, dimensions in an XML file.
3. Interactive 3D module phase which generates a 3D model of the building from the XML file and allows navigation and viewing of the model.
The approach was implemented using libraries like OpenCV for image processing and Irrlicht engine for 3D generation. Testing on sample floor plans showed
Software designed for engineering, architecture, CAD, is almost useless for creating commercial animations that's mostly free-form shapes, and vice versa.
In the field of touchy processing, many people would access the touchy phones, keypads etc. where the disadvantage of touchy system is all about touch screen. So, to overcome this problem, we are going to develop a project based on touch less device which is used to access and process our data with minimum time complexity for optimization of the sourcing data. Our project contain marker to highlight required key term. Touch less detects both the size and location of “Marker’s Gestures” for writing purposes. Whereas the camera played a key role to select our object that is an image for it’s processing. In this, we are giving command on camera to identify the gestures by Touch less SDK and reducing manual efforts.
1. 1
Living in Three Dimensions: Realities of 3D Modeling and Printing
Ethan Traveny Skaggs
_Industrial Revolution of the 21st
Century
Software that allows designers to model in three dimensions has ignited a new-age
industrial revolution, changing fabrication methods through a process formally called additive
manufacturing. Using an industrial robot, additive manufacturing creates objects layer by layer.1
This method, in theory, permits any object or form that can be modeled in 3D to be printed in
3D. In today’s world, desktop printing is a reality; not only designers and engineers have the
potential to rapid-prototype and create. Anything from guns to musical instruments has the
ability to be printed. Open-source modeling, printing software packages are transforming the
consistently developing veracity of at-home fabrication.
Preparing geometric input for fabrication is similar to an architect’s section cut. There are
specific, generated contours that divide an object modeled in 3D at a given interval, determined
based on the desired resolution or the printer’s given capacity.2
Similar to sculpture, computer
aided design (CAD) software packages allow the user to shape forms using sets of geometric or
parametric tools. This paper will investigate the potential, risks, surprises, and overall practical
differences of using two specific software packages, Rhinoceros 3D and SketchUp, and specific
case studies of two projects that utilized their tools.
_Rhinoceros 3D vs. SketchUp: an overview
Rhinoceros 3D, typically shortened to “Rhino,” is a NURBS-based software. NURBS
stands for non-uniform rational basis spline, a mathematical model for differential geometry that
generates curves and surfaces based on precise control points and vectors. While these levels of
sub and tertiary geometry are precise, NURBS-based software packages also offer flexibility in
their ability to manipulate form and shape.3
Because all shapes are simplified to functions and
algorithms, Rhino gives the operator complete control over adjustments to form.
SketchUp, a startup company previously owned by tech giant Google, uses pure polygons
to model in 3D. Forms are divided into mesh structures, which can simulate both straight and
1
Gibson, Ian. Additive Manufacturing Technologies: 3d Printing, Rapid Prototyping, and Direct Digital...
Manufacturing. S.l.: Springer, 2014. Print.
2
"About 3D Printing." Revolution 3D Printers. http://revolution3dprinters.com/ Web. 03 Dec. 2014.
3
Cheng, Ron K. C. Inside Rhinoceros 5. 4th ed. Boston: Cengage Learning, 2014. Print.
4
”Introducing SketchUp Pro 2013.” Trimble. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
2. 2
curved forms through rebuilding them as triangulated faces.4
As its name implies, SketchUp was
founded to create concept, sketch-like models. Rhino, on the other hand, was designed for
precision and control, both necessary for the prototyping and manufacturing of parts for
assembly. Even though SketchUp does use control points, they are not the same as in Rhino; the
operator is required to define explicitly the faces of an object and all its points. SketchUp
restricts the general modeling capacity through denying most complex curvilinear forms, but its
familiar “out of the box” sense and low learning curve attracts more general users than the
industry-standard, somewhat intimidating package from the developers of Rhino.
_Modeling Hermogenes
Modeling Hermogenes is a recent project that involves extensive 3D modeling and
fabrication. A group project involving fewer than ten key members, this seminar was designed to
revive the ruins of the Temple of Artemis Leukophyrene (Artemision) at Magnesia in a
revisualization effort in both two and three dimensions. This investigation involved modeling a
series of specific components essential to our understanding of both the temple itself and the
building process. With the majority of my peers modeling in the user-friendlier SketchUp, my
experience with Rhino led to the desire to model using NURBS. Coming from a CAD-based
background as an architecture student, and due to my specific responsibility of manufacturing the
components, my comfort with the tools in Rhino eliminated the need for initial worries
concerning the development of successful, printable parts that would be suitable for use in public
exhibition.
The choice of specific software among the varied pool of options is seemingly more
important that it may seem, especially with the growing level of disposable technology available
at our fingertips. With the amount of crossover in file types and smarter exporting capabilities,
non-native software packages can translate models with a good amount of success. Because
different software uses unique algorithms and offers different tools, many designers edit cross-
platform. However, the benefit of conversion does not come without a price; it takes a mixture of
skill, experience, and luck to anticipate how exporting a file (or changing the native program)
will affect the model’s raw data. This data will ultimately be reread and translated again, in
preparation for transcription by the 3d-printer.5
Understanding the full aptitude of one software
5
"How Stereolithography Works.” THRE3D.com. Retrieved 4 December 2014.
3. 3
package versus another reduces the risk of corruption or misrepresentation within a model and is
generally recommended prior to the design’s conception.
What happens when a designer cannot avoid using several software platforms? In the
world of desktop fabrication, not everyone who wants to design and build will have industry-
standard modeling software or the computer capacity to manage such a memory-absorbing
process. In the case of Modeling Hermogenes, moving between Rhino and SketchUp proved to
be informative in how to design smarter visually in Rhino but gave the impression that SketchUp
lacked the ability to manipulate specific variables that directly affected the form – and success –
of our models.
The largest issue arose when detailing the ionic capital, the personally most difficult and
challenging form I have ever modeled. Originally, Samuel Holzman, a graduate student at the
University of Pennsylvania and one of the leaders within our seminar, labored over the ionic
capital in SketchUp. Because the software is not specifically designed for precision fabrication,
SketchUp does not natively support exporting to .STL (stereolithography), a file format that is
standard for the majority of 3D printers and additive manufacturing robots.
While the original ease and simplicity of SketchUp was enticing, it was now clear that we
needed to use Rhino to export successfully to an .STL format. Rhino can write in thirty-eight
unique file formats, SketchUp only ten (Figure I). Of these ten, only three (3DS, OBJ, and
SketchUp) will export an entire field of 3D geometries – the rest are utilized primarily for two-
dimensional line drawings and rastered images. The .3DS file format is tied specifically to
Autodesk 3DS Max, a popular modeling software that has the ability to switch between NURBS
and polygon modeling, similar to Rhino. An object file (.OBJ) is more elementary, mapping the
geometries as pure polygons that can then be translated by countless programs. Because the
capital was originally created as polygonal elements in SketchUp, .OBJ was the best choice for
Figure I Rhinoceros 3D SketchUp Pro
Writable file formats*
Italicized formats are
compatible with mapped,
three-dimensional geometry.
3D PDF, 3DS, ACIS, ACIS SAT, ASCII,
BITMAP, BMP, CATIA, DWG, DXF, FBX,
IGES, IGS, AI, KMZ, Lightwave, LWO,
OBJ, Parasolid, Parasolid XT, PDF, PLT,
PNG, POV, Rhino, 3DM, SAT, SketchUp,
SKP, STEP, STL, STP, VDA-FS, VRML,
WMF, WRL
3DS, DWG, DXF, EPS, FBX, OBJ, PDF,
SketchUp, VRML, WRL
4. 4
minimizing the amount of potential corruption during the file’s exportation.
When opening the .OBJ file for the first time in Rhino, the differences in SketchUp’s
modeling processes were clear. Because SketchUp approximates curved forms using countless
tangent polygons, details within ionic capital were unrecognizable (Figure II). An analysis
through a simple Rhino command determined that the imported mesh object consisted of over
40,000 faces; this is incomprehensible for such a small model, which would ultimately only fit
within a 3.75”x3.75”x2” rectangular prism when printed. If the model were built in Rhino, each
element would be represented by a single, sculpted surface rather than an amalgamation of
tangent faces. Additionally, there would be options for manipulating and molding the forms
directly to alter the model’s overall appearance, in addition to the benefits of scaling, made easy
by the mathematical operations that Rhino relies on.
Regardless of the number of
faces in the model, exporting to .STL
was the only reason for importing the
ionic capital into Rhino. The
disjointed meshes were rebuilt to have
fewer faces (polygonal elements), just
under 25,000 prior to the final export.
Bringing the file to the industrial,
3DSystems machine used in
PennDesign’s Fabrication Lab quickly
clued me in to the dangers of cross-
platform model manipulation: the model appeared to have no thickness. All edges were
considered “naked,” existing alone, completely unconnected with any other part of the model.
Although some naked edges are easily read as hairline seams and automatically connected by
most desktop machines, such as the MakerBot Replicator 2, this analysis revealed SketchUp’s
inferiority in creating parts for fabrication. The amount of naked edges existing in this model
meant that the printer would consider these elements as pseudoforms, printing nothing at all.
My impression of the true definition of and reasoning behind the issues surrounding
“naked edges” in three-dimensional fabrication led me to understand that the model had to be
built existing as one, solid piece, as if it were a monolithic sculpture. Using the SketchUp model
as just that, a concept for developing a functional part, I created the forms of the capital as
Figure II: S. Holzman ionic capital exported from SketchUp as
.OBJ, imported into Rhino as polygonal mesh. Faces and
individual details obscured due to the countless polygons that
comprise the overall form.
5. 5
polysurfaces in Rhino. Using the various Boolean operators, which are technical functions that
deploy mathematical intervention between components in Rhino, I began a series of trial-and-
error tests to create a workable file. The commands BooleanUnion and BooleanSplit allow two
polysurfaces to be combined or subtracted respectively, while BooleanDifference subtracts the
volume of one set of objects from the other and BooleanIntersection create a new solid from the
junction of two other solids. Using these primary Boolean operators in combination ensured that
each component of the model existed as a single piece, in hopes of avoiding the naked edges
issue that SketchUp previously caused.
After a painstaking process of manipulating Rhino’s extensive tools and commands, a
capital was produced that read as one piece. This file was immediately exported as an .STL and
printed. Eventually, a combination of silicone and epoxy allowed us to create molds for replicas
of the fabricated pieces, reducing our cost of prototyping as we could now use a simple Plaster of
Paris mixture rather than the time-consuming and costly process of additive manufacturing.
Because .STL files contain a version of meshing (that is, the reduction of curved elements
into polygons), why is SketchUp unable to produce printable model files if it creates them using
the same method? Are there possibilities for using Rhino to correct files rather than having to
rebuild them entirely? Does the discovery of naked edges within a model reveal SketchUp’s fatal
flaw in its core design? How can we adjust our workflow in
either program to eliminate these prefabrication issues from
happening again? These are just a few of several questions to
consider when reviewing strategies for success in three-
dimensional fabrication. Although this model did eventually
work, the prolonged process of creating a printable file was
far from efficient when we consider additive manufacturing
as rapid prototyping.
_Saddleridge Teacup Set
A second project completed in summer 2014 as
part of the University of Pennsylvania’s Integrated Product Design graduate program involved
curvilinear forms similar to that of the ionic capital (Figure III). My original design
Figure III: E. Skaggs Saddleridge Teacup Set
from summer 2014, demonstrating complex
curvilinear forms to be printed in 3D.
6. 6
incorporated juxtaposition between the organic forms of the teacup with the calculus-based shape
(a saddlepoint)6
of the saucer.
Modeled entirely using Rhino, the teacup set was a mixture of base solids and
polysurfaces. Using the same edge analysis as the ionic capital, there are clearly several instances
that show incomplete components within the model. Figure IV demonstrates the edge analysis
from the ionic capital and the amount of naked edges
that would be read as pseudoforms. In comparing the
two projects, it is unclear why the ionic capital could
not be read and the teacup and saucer, with a similar
amount of naked edges, printed perfectly without the
need for support or rafting structures.
Initially, one must consider the difference
in machines used to print the final versions of each
model. Both the ionic capital and the teacup and
saucer were tested on a MakerBot Replicator 2,
arguably the most popular desktop printing robot.7
The ionic capital was unable to print due to four
errors on three different machines; the teacup and
saucer set completed on the first try.
Inconsistency in fabrication technology, especially concerning engineered parts for
assembly, is unacceptable. It is still unclear as to why certain edges seem to close automatically,
while others cause errors within the machines. There is little difference in the method of making
each set of models, making this a good comparison for understanding some of the unexpected
results when relying on 3D printers.
_3D: Potential, Risks, Surprises
The potential of printing in three dimensions is dependent on the ability to model in three
dimensions. Theoretically, if an object can be modeled, it has the capacity to be printed. This
6
Hilbert, David, S. Cohn-Vossen, and P. Nemenyi. Geometry and the Imagination. New York: n.p.. 1952. Print.
7
"3D Printing Giants Post Lackluster Sales On Black Friday And Cyber Monday." Business and News. Business
ETC Magazine, 04 Dec. 2014. Web. 05 Dec. 2014.
Figure IV: S. Holzman capital Edge Analysis in Rhino.
Originally imported as .OBJ from SketchUp, resulting in
incomplete, open components defined as “naked edges.”
7. 7
comes with two caveats: there should be no “naked” (open) edges, and an object should be a
joined, polygonal mesh, both of which are difficult to ensure prior to file preparation.8
When building a file, it is important to check constantly the status of surfaces. Because
Rhino operates with NURBS, it is important to use Snap features to lock new elements to
previously existing components. Immediately, these items should be joined and verified prior to
modeling the next section. Unfortunately, this limits the capacity to alter control points on the
original surface. Pieces can be joined through the use of a Boolean function retroactively, but
there are major risks in having components not connect, as this causes naked edges throughout
the model. Boolean operators work unpredictably and have the high possibility of failing if the
function attempts to handle more than two solids or polysurfaces at a time.
There are always occasions when modeling and printing in three dimensions will surprise
the user. As frequently as the failure of projects for unexpected, or even unknown, reasons,
unanticipated success also occurs. In reviewing the teacup and saucer design after working on
the ionic capital, there is little to no reason to believe either the teacup or the saucer would have
printed successfully today. Similarly, there was no reason to predict previously that the ionic
capital would have failed. While this might cause frustration for designers, it also presents the
opportunity for major improvements in the technology, especially with the growing number of
robotics and software companies determined to make printing in three dimensions a desktop
reality.
_Dreaming of Desktop: Designing the Future of 3D
When considering the well-documented issues experienced in both projects, it is
uncertain as to why professional modeling software does not have the capacity to anticipate and
adjust for these errors. Perhaps through using a plug-in for Rhino called Grasshopper, a script-
based coding tool that parametrically evaluates input functions in Rhino, one could develop a
system for the recognition and repair of naked edges. Although there are software packages such
as STLRepair, there should be a reliable plug-in or native Rhino feature that allows open edges
to be corrected prior to exporting to an .STL, thus eliminating the problems associated with
retroactive file repair.
8
"Prepare Your Model for 3D Printing with Rhinoceros." 3D Modeling for 3D Printing. Sculpteo, n.d.. Web. 21
Nov. 2014.
8. 8
The first additive manufacturing robot was developed in the 1980s; Chuck Hill (from
industrial manufacturing conglomerate 3DSystems) invented stereolithography and referred to
the process as “[a] system for generating three-dimensional objects by creating a cross-sectional
pattern of the object to be formed.”9
Designers are still using the file format (.STL) more than
thirty years later, leaving me concerned that a major update to the standards of additive
manufacturing is far past its time. Modernizing the .STL file format to match today’s
technological advances is required for continued, reliable, and predictable success within the
field. While certain machines will automatically reverse inconsistencies in the .STL format, the
responsibility falls when exporting mapped geometries as stereolithography. Ideally, we require
a new file type that combines the notion of layered, cross-sectional contours with a programmed,
parametric Boolean operator to ensure closed edges and solid geometry in real-time. This process
would reduce the number of errors and increase compatibility across machine platforms.
With the continued success of MakerBot Industries and similar companies, it is
disheartening when pondering our lack of success using these desktop machines. Industrial
machines produced by companies such as 3DSystems, while marginally reliable, are neither
readily accessible nor the future of the industry. The inconsistencies between the two types of
machines are due to a lack in translation: desktop manufacturing cannot simply be a miniature
replica of industrial machines. Similarly, desktop printers and copiers (2D) were derived from
but not merely reduced versions of industrial Xerox machines, allowing continued technological
development on both scales. If this attitude is applied toward additive manufacturing robots and
the technologies behind them, the dreams of a consistent desktop machine are in reach. Through
understanding the current issues surrounding an outdated file format and the anticipation of
smarter software maturity, desktop fabrication will not only be reliable, it will be a reality.
9
Freedman, David H. "Layer By Layer." Technology Review115.1 (2012): 50–53. Academic Search Premier. Web.
26 July 2013.