1. Uses of 3D – How is 3D used by the interactive media and computer games industries?
3D modelling is used within a lot of industries playing a big part in certain industries like video games
and film. 3D modelling is done on a computer using certain programmes like 3D max. With 3D
modelling you can create whatever you want and then use it. For example in the video games
industry 3D modelling is used to create the characters, objects, environments and many more within
games. For the film industry 3D modelling will be used to create animated characters and special
effects. Tv is pretty much the same as film where it will be used for animations and special effects.
For education 3D modelling is used to help the kids learn by starting out modelling easy things and
building up their skills for the future. Web design will use 3D modelling to create backgrounds for
the site and buttons within the site. Medicine uses 3D modelling to create simulations of operations
to help doctors for when it comes to the real thing. For mathematics and architecture they can use
modeller to check the angles of buildings and the length of walls etc. 3D modelling is used within
industries you would never expect and with technology always getting better 3D modelling can only
get better and branch out into more industries.
Basic principles – How are 3D models displayed and constructed?
There are Three popular ways to represent a model:
1. Polygonal modelling - Points in 3D space, called vertices, are connected by line
segments to form a polygonal mesh. The vast majority of 3D models today are built as
textured polygonal models, because they are flexible and because computers can
render them so quickly. However, polygons are planar and can only approximate
curved surfaces using many polygons.
2. Curve modelling - Surfaces are defined by curves, which are influenced by weighted
control points. The curve follows (but does not necessarily interpolate) the points.
Increasing the weight for a point will pull the curve closer to that point. Curve types
include Non uniform rational B-spline (NURBS), Splines, Patches and geometric
primitives
3. Digital sculpting - Still a fairly new method of modelling, 3D sculpting has become
very popular in the few short years it has been around.[citation needed] There are currently
3 types of digital sculpting: Displacement, which is the most widely used among
applications at this moment, volumetric and dynamic tessellation. Displacement uses
a dense model (often generated by Subdivision surfaces of a polygon control mesh)
and stores new locations for the vertex positions through use of a 32bit image map
that stores the adjusted locations. Volumetric which is based loosely on Voxels has
similar capabilities as displacement but does not suffer from polygon stretching when
there are not enough polygons in a region to achieve a deformation. Dynamic
tesselation Is similar to Voxel but divides the surface using triangulation to maintain a
smooth surface and allow finer details. These methods allow for very artistic
exploration as the model will have a new topology created over it once the models
form and possibly details have been sculpted. The new mesh will usually have the
original high resolution mesh information transferred into displacement data or
normal map data if for a game engine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3D_modeling

2. 3D development software – Examine the software tools used in the production of 3D models.
Autodesk 3ds Max, formerly 3D Studio Max, is 3D computer graphics software for making
3D animations, models, and images. It was developed and produced by Autodesk Media and
Entertainment. It has modeling capabilities, a flexible plugin architecture and can be used on
the Microsoft Windows platform. It is frequently used by video game developers, TV
commercial studios and architectural visualization studios. It is also used for movie effects
and movie pre-visualization.
In addition to its modeling and animation tools, the latest version of 3ds Max also features
shaders (such as ambient occlusion and subsurface scattering), dynamic simulation, particle
systems, radiosity, normal map creation and rendering, global illumination, a customizable
user interface, and its own scripting language.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autodesk_3ds_Max
SketchUp is a 3D modeling program optimized for a broad range of applications such as
architectural, civil, mechanical, film as well as video game design — and available in free as
well as 'professional' versions.
The program highlights its ease of use, and an online repository of model assemblies (e.g.,
windows, doors, automobiles, entourage, etc.) known as 3D Warehouse enables designers to
locate, download, use and contribute free models. The program includes a drawing layout
functionality, allows surface rendering in variable "styles," accommodates third-party "plug-

3. in" programs enabling other capabilities (e.g., near photo realistic rendering) and enables
placement of its models within Google Earth.
In early 2012, Google, the previous owner of Sketchup, announced it will sell the program to
Trimble, a company formerly known for GPS location services
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SketchUp
LightWave is a software package used for rendering 3D images, both animated and static. It
includes a rendering engine that supports such advanced features as realistic reflection and
refraction, radiosity, and caustics. The 3D modeling component supports both polygon
modeling and subdivision surfaces. The animation component has features such as reverse
and forward kinematics for character animation, particle systems and dynamics. Programmers
can expand LightWave's capabilities using an included SDK which offers LScript scripting (a
proprietary scripting language) and common C language interfaces.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LightWave_3D
Blender is a free and open-source 3D computer graphics software product used for creating
animated films, visual effects, interactive 3D applications or video games. Blender's features
include 3D modeling, UV unwrapping, texturing, rigging and skinning, fluid and smoke
simulation, particle simulation, animating,match moving, camera tracking, rendering, video
editing and compositing. It also features a built-in game engine.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blender_(software)

4. Constraints
Although 3D modelling has lots of advantages and uses it also has its false. For one If your using it
for a big project and have a lot of objects on the screen it will start to lag because of all the objects on
the screen. So you have to be careful with that the best thing to do to stop that is to use separate
opened windows of the 3D modelling programme you’re using. Also make sure you haven’t copied
and pasted the same object on top of itself because that can be one reason why it starts to lag.
The file size and render time can both be huge. Depending on how big the thing is you create on
modeller depends on how big the file is but even if you haven’t made the biggest object you can on
modeller the file size can still be pretty big round about the 10 kb mark so make sure you have some
free space when creating something. Then you have to be prepared for a long render time. Depending
on how many points and polygons the object is you are rendering, What affects you have on what you
have created like lights and smooth surfaces and how good your pc is depends on how long it takes to
render. If you create something quite small and simple then the render time won’t be a problem but
for a big project be prepared for a long render time.
Conclusion
In conclusion 3D modelling is used a lot and is very helpful to some companies. It can help them
create new things and check how things will work and many more things. 3D modelling has it’s false
even though there’s not many they are still false but this false are hardly anything and can be easily

5. overcome and with technology always getting better then these false will become nothing soon and
3D modelling will only get better. 3D modelling can also be hard to use but with schools, colleges and
universities now teaching students how to use it within a certain course then it should be no problem
to use.
Overall 3D modelling is a big part of today’s industries playing it’s part well within the industries and
with technology always getting better than 3D modelling will carry on getting better and playing a
bigger part within today’s industries and become used more and more in today’s industries.