By Stephanie Parker ENVS411. Presentation

1. LIVERPOOL
ONE
The urban decline and rise
Stephanie Parker
s.m.parker@Liverpool.ac.uk

2. INTRODUCTION
The regeneration of Liverpool One was a
£1bn masterplan to develop 42 acres of
Liverpool City Centre, opening in 2008.
The collapse of Liverpool’s economic
base resulted in a profound social,
environmental and economic impact
upon the Merseyside area in desperate
need of regeneration.
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3. HISTORICAL USE
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- Liverpool Built its
fortune on
transatlantic trade
and slavery
- Considered
England's ‘Second
City’ by the late 19th
century
-As a gateway for
mass emigration
-- Economy very
over dependence on
shipping

4. URBAN DECLINE
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Economic Restructuring
• Decline in exports
• Deindustrialisation / port
closure
• Containerisation
• Little manufacturing
Politics
• Thatcherism and
Government Neglect
• 1981 Race Riots
• Political Unrest and
Upheaval
• Neoliberalism
Recessions
• The Great Depression
• Post war Depression
The Shrinking City
• Unemployment
• Population Decline
• Vacant Land

5. A CALL FOR
DEVELOPMENT
• Planning agenda changed over time
• Rise in influential urban theorists such as
Jane Jacobs and Jan Gehl, which
emphasized the importance of renewing
previously neglected city centers
• Neoliberal competition between cities
drove regeneration projects
• New Labour Government published an
Urban White paper in 2000
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Past developments
•Regeneration of Albert Docks in mid 1980’s
•Since the 1990s Liverpool has engaged in
aggressive place marketing through The
Mersey Partnership

6. Liverpool ONE is the
result of Grosvenor’s
vision to remake a
city centre in a way
that is sympathetic
to its history
1999-2008
Seven Action Areas
for Redevelopment:
Pier Head, Kings
Dock, Commercial
District, Castle
Street, Retail Core,
Cultural Quarter,
Hope Street Quarter
•Mixed use
developments
•Retail, dining, leisure,
public space, offices,
and residential
accommodation, a
place that people could
live, visit, play and
work
•Corporate Social
Responsibility
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LIVERPOOL ONE REGENERATION
SCHEME

7. EVALUATION
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- The city’s economic
prospects were transformed
turning to a major regional
centre
-- 2008 European City of
Culture
-- Employment
- highly popular with both
visitors and occupiers, with
the strength and depth of
its occupier mix attracting
29 million visitors annually
- Attracting international
brands, and triggering
further investment
“A Development that is very
Definitely Liverpudlian
rather than
‘anywhereville’ ”

8. CHALLENGES
•Glocalisation (Robertson, 1997)
•Gentrification
•Still one of the most deprived
regions according to Government
Indices of Deprivation.
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9. FUTURE?
-Commitment to improving space for
local people
-“Liverpool one is a long term bet and
Grosvenor, with it’s long term
perspective, can afford to wait for the
payback” – David Littlefield (2009)
-Sustainable development
-City Centre Living
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10. THANKYOU FOR LISTENING
ANY QUESTIONS?
S.M.PARKER@LIVERPOOL.AC.UK
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Presented by
Stephanie Parker