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Accounting for Pre-Production Costs Livent Inc. ,[object Object],Saturday, February 12, 2011
Agenda Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition 1 Overview 2 Issue Analysis 3 Overall Recommendations
Overview RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
Role & Constraints Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Key Constraint: Canadian GAAP & Conceptual Framework Members of the audit committee at Livent Inc Division Daniel Rodic, Katie Furgoch, Josh Xu, Winter Li  Members
Conceptual Framework Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition
Livent Inc. is a publically traded, live production firm located in Toronto, Ontario. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Should we maintain status quo, or heed public sentiment? Does the company’s growth reflect their current policy? How should we implement the proposed changes in accounting policy? Complication ,[object Object],Key Issues?
Timeline of Typical Production Cycle Post  Production Opening Night Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Pre-Production Rights  Acquired 12 – 24 Months 5+ Years Cost of $5 Million to $11 Million Rev. Rec Period Kicks-Off Process
Stakeholders Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition    Shareholders:  Moderate, to reflect true economic state of Livent. Livent & Mangement:  Aggressive, for performance metrics. Securities Commission:  Conservative, to get reliable information. Constrained by GAAP
Issue Analysis RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
There are multiple alternatives that can be used to account for pre-production costs. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Expense all costs Defer costs (Similar to R&D) Amortize relative to forecasted revenues Status Quo Issue #1: Accounting for Pre-Production Costs The company has an issue with revenue recognition because… There are three types of valuations one can use to triangulate equity value. Issue #1: Accounting for Pre-Production Costs Alternatives
Livent can continue to use the status quo method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Risk: This method is considered aggressive by the market. Issue #1: Status-Quo Amortization of pre-production costs is equal to net income, until the pre-production costs are covered. Explanation of Method This method is familiar to the company,  Benefits of Method
There are advantages and disadvantages to this method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition The substantial disadvantages eliminates status quo as an option. Issue #1: Status Quo ,[object Object],Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disadvantages
Expense All Pre-Production Costs Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Risk: This method will result in extremely volatile earnings. Issue #1: Expensing Method All pre-production costs will be expensed as they are incurred. Explanation of Method This method is conservative and allows for more disclosure of costs incurred. Benefits of Method
Livent could expense all pre-production costs Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition The substantial disadvantages eliminates expensing all pre-prod. costs as an option. Issue #1: Expensing Method ,[object Object],[object Object],Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disadvantages
All five criteria must be met in order to utilize the R&D Expense Deferral method Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Issue #1: R&D Method R&D Expense Deferral Criteria Product / process is clearly defined and the costs attributed to it are easily identified Technical feasibility has been established Management has indicated intent to produce or use the product / process Future market for the product is clearly defined Adequate resources exist or are expected to be available Case Facts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Since all five criteria has been met, we may select the R&D method Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition The R&D deferral method may be selected Result Higher asset value at beginning with lower expense, expenditures increase in future Issue #1: R&D Method R&D Expense Deferral Criteria Product / process is clearly defined and the costs attributed to it are easily identified Technical feasibility has been established Management has indicated intent to produce or use the product / process Future market for the product is clearly defined Adequate resources exist or are expected to be available
There are advantages and disadvantages to this method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition The lack of fair representation & adequate matching eliminates R&D as an option. Issue #1: R&D ,[object Object],[object Object],Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Disadvantages
Livent can mimic the live film industry and use the percentage of expected revenue method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Risk: This method relies heavily on reliable forecasts which many perceive as volatile. Issue #1: Percentage of Expected Revenue Method Amortization of pre-production costs are relative to the ratio of current revenues to the total anticipated revenues of the production. Explanation of Method This method matches expenses to revenues in the period generated, which fulfills the fundamental criteria of matching. Benefits of Method
There are advantages and disadvantages to this method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition The key advantages in matching and comparability make this the ideal method. Issue #1: Accounting for Pre-Production Costs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Advantages ,[object Object],[object Object],Disadvantages
There are two key risks with this method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Issue #1: Accounting for Pre-Production Costs Risk Mitigation Perceived as a highly aggressive accounting approach ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Not well aligned with the conservatism principle ,[object Object],[object Object]
Here is an example of how the method would be used Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition
Other Considerations & Recommendations Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Issue 1 2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Overall Recommendation RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
We recommend the use of the Percentage of Expected Revenue Method RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
Implementation Plan Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition High Priority Time from Today Talk to Public about disclosure Medium Low Retroactively restate prior year financial statements Discuss change in accounting policy in note disclosures Launch and maintain PR Campaign Continue to monitor pre-production costs going forward. 1 Year+ 1 Month 1 Week
Questions? RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
Appendix RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
Examples of Methods Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition

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Livent - Accounting Policy

  • 1.
  • 2. Agenda Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition 1 Overview 2 Issue Analysis 3 Overall Recommendations
  • 3. Overview RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
  • 4. Role & Constraints Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Key Constraint: Canadian GAAP & Conceptual Framework Members of the audit committee at Livent Inc Division Daniel Rodic, Katie Furgoch, Josh Xu, Winter Li Members
  • 5. Conceptual Framework Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition
  • 6.
  • 7. Timeline of Typical Production Cycle Post Production Opening Night Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Pre-Production Rights Acquired 12 – 24 Months 5+ Years Cost of $5 Million to $11 Million Rev. Rec Period Kicks-Off Process
  • 8. Stakeholders Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition    Shareholders: Moderate, to reflect true economic state of Livent. Livent & Mangement: Aggressive, for performance metrics. Securities Commission: Conservative, to get reliable information. Constrained by GAAP
  • 9. Issue Analysis RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
  • 10. There are multiple alternatives that can be used to account for pre-production costs. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Expense all costs Defer costs (Similar to R&D) Amortize relative to forecasted revenues Status Quo Issue #1: Accounting for Pre-Production Costs The company has an issue with revenue recognition because… There are three types of valuations one can use to triangulate equity value. Issue #1: Accounting for Pre-Production Costs Alternatives
  • 11. Livent can continue to use the status quo method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Risk: This method is considered aggressive by the market. Issue #1: Status-Quo Amortization of pre-production costs is equal to net income, until the pre-production costs are covered. Explanation of Method This method is familiar to the company, Benefits of Method
  • 12.
  • 13. Expense All Pre-Production Costs Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Risk: This method will result in extremely volatile earnings. Issue #1: Expensing Method All pre-production costs will be expensed as they are incurred. Explanation of Method This method is conservative and allows for more disclosure of costs incurred. Benefits of Method
  • 14.
  • 15.
  • 16. Since all five criteria has been met, we may select the R&D method Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition The R&D deferral method may be selected Result Higher asset value at beginning with lower expense, expenditures increase in future Issue #1: R&D Method R&D Expense Deferral Criteria Product / process is clearly defined and the costs attributed to it are easily identified Technical feasibility has been established Management has indicated intent to produce or use the product / process Future market for the product is clearly defined Adequate resources exist or are expected to be available
  • 17.
  • 18. Livent can mimic the live film industry and use the percentage of expected revenue method. Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition Risk: This method relies heavily on reliable forecasts which many perceive as volatile. Issue #1: Percentage of Expected Revenue Method Amortization of pre-production costs are relative to the ratio of current revenues to the total anticipated revenues of the production. Explanation of Method This method matches expenses to revenues in the period generated, which fulfills the fundamental criteria of matching. Benefits of Method
  • 19.
  • 20.
  • 21. Here is an example of how the method would be used Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition
  • 22.
  • 23. Overall Recommendation RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
  • 24. We recommend the use of the Percentage of Expected Revenue Method RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
  • 25. Implementation Plan Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition High Priority Time from Today Talk to Public about disclosure Medium Low Retroactively restate prior year financial statements Discuss change in accounting policy in note disclosures Launch and maintain PR Campaign Continue to monitor pre-production costs going forward. 1 Year+ 1 Month 1 Week
  • 26. Questions? RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
  • 27. Appendix RCAS Case Competition Saturday, February 12, 2011
  • 28. Examples of Methods Saturday, February 12, 2011 RCAS Case Competition

Editor's Notes

  1. Asset = Present economic resource, entity has access to this resource where others do not
  2. Asset = Present economic resource, entity has access to this resource where others do not
  3. Asset = Present economic resource, entity has access to this resource where others do not
  4. Asset = Present economic resource, entity has access to this resource where others do not
  5. Asset = Present economic resource, entity has access to this resource where others do not