This is brief introduction about mineral carbonation of steel slag

1. Carbon Dioxide Utilization Using Mineral Carbonation
Presented by
Sandeep Kumar Sharma
(21MT0356)
Guided by
Prof. Arunkumar Samanta
Department of Chemical Engineering
IIT(ISM) Dhanbad

2. CONTENT
Introduction
Literature Review
Setup Design
Research Gap
Objective
Methodology
Work Plan
References

3. Introduction
CO2 concentration increasing due to
 Fossil fuels usage
 Deforestation
 Increased industrial activities
CO2 responsible for climate change.
CO2 concentration can be decreased by –
 Permanent storage
 Converting into useful products

4. Introduction
CO2 Sequestration
Methods
Biological
Sequestration
Geological
Sequestration
Direct aqueous
Carbonation
Direct gas-solid
Carbonation
Ocean
Sequestration
Mineral
Sequestration

5. Slag Composition(%) Reactor Operating Conditions Max. Performance* Ref.
BOF
CaO - 42.43
Fe2O3 - 26.74
SiO2 - 12.00
Rotating
Packed
Bed
Reactor
T - 65 °C, P - 1 bar
dp - <63μm, RPM – 750
t - 30 min, L/S - 20
Max. Conversion – 93.5%
Capture Capacity – 0.29
[1]
BHC
CaO - 52.82
SiO2 – 27.34
Al2O3 – 8.42
Batch
Reactor
T- 160 °C, P – 48.26 bar
dp - <44μm, RPM – 750
t - 12 hr, L/S - 10
Max. Conversion – 68.3%
Capture Capacity – 0.283
[2]
BOF
CaO - 31.7
Fe2O3 – 35.5
SiO2 – 9.1
Batch
Reactor
T - 100 °C, P - 19 bar
dp - <38μm, RPM -1000
t - 30 min, L/S - 10
Max. Conversion – 74%
Capture Capacity – 0.25
[3]
BOF
CaO - 41.15
Fe2O3 –24.4
SiO2 – 10.59
Column
Reactor
T - 25 °C, P – 1 bar
dp - <27.2μm
t – 2 hr, L/S - 20
Max. Conversion – 89.4%
Capture Capacity – 0.283
[4]
Literature Review
(* Capture capacity in kg CO2/kg slag)

6. Slag Composition(%) Reactor Operating conditions Max. Performance* Ref.
BOF
CaO - 43
Fe2O3 –28.7
SiO2 – 12.9
Rotating
Packed
Bed
Reactor
T – 40.45 °C, P – 1 bar
dp - 12.7μm
RPM – 541, L/S - 10
Capture Capacity – 0.16 [5]
BOF
CaO - 22
Fe2O3 – 22
SiO2 - 5
Batch
Reactor
T- 100 °C, P – 10 bar
dp - <150μm, t –24 hr
L/S - 5
Capture Capacity - 0.403 [6]
BOF
CaO - 51.1
Fe2O3 – 24.2
SiO2 – 11.2
Slurry
Reactor
T - 50 °C, P - 1 bar
dp - <44μm, t - 120 m
L/S - 20
Max. Conversion ~ 57%
Capture Capacity – 0.228
[7]
BOF
CaO - 31
Fe2O3 – 27
SiO2 – 5.1
Batch
Reactor
T – 83.7 °C,P – 5.9 bar
dp - <63μm,
t – 4 hr, L/S - 5
Capture Capacity – 0.536 [8]
Literature Review
(* Capture capacity in kg CO2/kg slag)

7. • Effect of particle size
• Effect of temperature
• Effect of pressure
• Effect of L/S ratio
• Effect of pH
• Effect of agitation
Literature Review

8. Setup Design
Here,
1. CO2 gas cylinder
2. Heater & Coolar
3. Magnetic stirrer
4. Autoclave Reactor
5. Thermocouple
6. Needle valve
(1)
(2)
(6)
(4)
(3)
(5)

9. Effects of mass transfer on carbonation.
Dedicated studies are needed for exploring a range of slag
properties.
To have an admissible carbonation reaction at low pressure
and low temperature within the short reaction period.
Research Gap

10. To find the effect of operational parameters on the CO2
uptake and the conversion.
For finding optimum operating conditions for maximum
conversion of given BOF slag.
Analyse the solid material after the carbonation treatment
how it changes physically and chemically.
To find how the degree of carbonation depends on time as
well.
Objective

11. Methodology
Characterization
after Carbonation
Carbonation
Reaction
Slag
Characterization
Slag
Pre treatment
• Eliminating moisture and Carbonates
• Grind of slag
• Composition by atomic absorption spectrometry
• Particle size by PSA
• Reaction process
• CO2 wt% by TGA
• CO2 capture capacity

12. Work Plan
Si.
No.
Activity
Time in months
May &
June
July &
August
September &
October
November
&December
January &
February
March &
April
1. Literature survey
2. Ordering of slag & Chemicals
3. Setup construction
4. Characterization of slag
5. Experimental study
6.
Characterization of
carbonated slag
7. Analysis of result
8.
Thesis work & Research
paper work

13. 1. Chang, E. E., Pan, S. Y., Chen, Y. H., Tan, C. S., & Chiang, P. C. (2012). Accelerated
carbonation of steelmaking slags in a high-gravity rotating packed bed. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 227–228, 97–106.
2. Chang, E. E., Pan, S. Y., Chen, Y. H., Chu, H. W., Wang, C. F., & Chiang, P. C. (2011). CO2
sequestration by carbonation of steelmaking slags in an autoclave reactor. Journal of Hazardous
Materials, 195, 107–114.
3. Huijgen, W. J. J., Witkamp, G. J., & Comans, R. N. J. (2005). Mineral CO2 sequestration by
steel slag carbonation. Environmental Science and Technology, 39(24), 9676–9682 .
4. Chang, E. E., Chiu, A. C., Pan, S. Y., Chen, Y. H., Tan, C. S., & Chiang, P. C. (2013).
Carbonation of basic oxygen furnace slag with metalworking wastewater in a slurry reactor.
International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 12, 382–389.
5. Pan, S. Y., Chiang, P. C., Chen, Y. H., Chang, E. E., Chen, C. Da, & Shen, A. L. (2014). Process
intensification of steel slag carbonation via a rotating packed Bed: Reaction kinetics and mass
transfer. Energy Procedia, 63, 2255–2260.
References

14. 6. Baciocchi, R., Costa, G., Di Gianfilippo, M., Polettini, A., Pomi, R., & Stramazzo, A. (2015).
Thin-film versus slurry-phase carbonation of steel slag: CO2 uptake and effects on mineralogy.
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 283, 302–313.
7. Pan, S. Y., Liu, H. L., Chang, E. E., Kim, H., Chen, Y. H., & Chiang, P. C. (2016). Multiple
model approach to evaluation of accelerated carbonation for steelmaking slag in a slurry reactor.
Chemosphere, 154, 63–71.
8. Polettini, A., Pomi, R., & Stramazzo, A. (2016). CO2 sequestration through aqueous accelerated
carbonation of BOF slag: A factorial study of parameters effects. Journal of Environmental
Management, 167, 185–195.
References

15. Thank You