luzon region ppt

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LITERATURE
OF LUZON

2. It is ranked 15th
largest in the world
by land area.
Located in the
northern region of
the archipelago.
Background of Luzon
Luzon is the largest
and most populous
Island in the
Philippines.
It is the economic
and political center
of the nation, being
home to the
country’s capital
city, Manila, as well
as Quezon City, the
country’s most
populous city.

3. The Literary Works
and Authors of Each Region

4. Ilokano literature is one of the
most active tributaries to the
general Philippine literature, next to
Tagalog (Filipino) and Philippine
Literature in English.
 There are a large number of religious
documents, poems, riddles, proverbs, epic
stories, folk songs, and other literary work
that belongs to this region
Region I
Ilocos Region

5. ILOKANO LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
FICTION STORIES:
 MANUEL ARGUILLA (LA UNION)
 How My Brother Leon Brought Home a Wife
The story is told from Baldo's viewpoint,
Leon's younger brother, who is both curious and
anxious about Maria's adjustment to rural life,
coming from the city. However, Maria quickly wins
over the villagers with her beauty, humility, and
resourcefulness as she effortlessly assimilates into
the rural environment.
 Morning in the Nagrebcan
Set in a rural Filipino village and revolves
around young Baldo and his brother Leon, who work
together in the fields. Baldo reflects on their father's
teachings during their labor, emphasizing the
significance of hard work, patience, and the
connection with nature.
Region I
Ilocos Literature

6. ILOKANO LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
FICTION STORIES:
 CARLOS BULOSAN (PANGASINAN)
 American in the Heart
An autobiographical novel by Carlos Bulosan,
chronicling the life of Allos, a Filipino immigrant in
the early 20th century USA. Allos grapples with
racism, discrimination, and economic hardships
while striving for a better life for his family.
 My Father’s Tragedy
Tells the story of Juan, a boy in a rural
Philippine village. His hardworking father struggles
to provide for the family amid poverty and unfair
treatment by wealthy landowners and government
policies. Despite these challenges, Juan's father
perseveres. Sadly, he dies from overwork and harsh
conditions while selling crops.
Region I
Ilocos Literature

7. ILOKANO LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
FICTION STORIES:
 AMADOR T. DAGUIO (ILOCOS NORTE)
 A Wedding Dance
Set in a rural Philippine village and tells the
story of Awiyao and Lumnay, a troubled couple.
Awiyao seeks a son, contemplating marrying
another woman, while Lumnay wrestles with her
love for him and tribal traditions. Amidst another
couple's wedding dance, the tale contrasts
celebration with Lumnay's inner turmoil.
 PEDRO BUCANEG (ILOCOS SUR)
 Biag ni Lam-ang
It follows Lam-ang, a hero with extraordinary
powers, as he searches for his missing father, Don
Juan. Lam-ang's journey includes encounters with
mythical creatures, like a giant fish and a man-
eating serpent, which he overcomes with his
exceptional strength.
Region I
Ilocos Literature

8. ILOKANO LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
FICTION STORIES:
 FRANCISCO SIONIL JOSE (PANGASINAN)
 The God Stealer
Is about two friends, Philip and Sam, who are
journalists. They visit Baguio, Philippines, meet a
guide named Kidlat, and plan to see the Ifugao
tribe's ritual of stealing a sacred idol. Philip is drawn
to Ifugao culture and is tempted to steal the idol,
which raises questions about culture, tradition, and
personal ethics.
 My Brother, My Executioner
is a novel about two Filipino brothers, Antonio
and Victor, with contrasting roles—Antonio as an
activist and Victor in the military. This leads to
conflict amid themes of power, corruption, and
justice in Philippine society.
Region I
Ilocos Literature

9. ILOKANO LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
NOVELS:
 NORBERTO BUMANGLAG (ILOCUS SUR)
 Ti Agdamdamili
"Norberto Bumanglag's "Ti Agdamdamili" (The
Family)" is a novel by Filipino author Norberto
Bumanglag. It narrates a family's journey and
challenges, exploring complex family bonds that
withstand difficulties.
POEMS:
 NOLI PAMBIN (ILOCUS SUR)
 Ayatko Kenka
The song is a sweet declaration of love and
admiration for someone special. The singer
compares their loved one to a source of happiness
and sunshine in their life. They find comfort and
belonging in their loved one's eyes and smile,
emphasizing that their love is forever and they can
tackle life's challenges together.
Region I
Ilocos Literature

10. ILOKANO LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
NOVELS:
 KAMEAH PEARL
 Dj ng Aking Radyo
a talented young DJ who adores music. She
works at a local radio station, navigating the
challenges of the industry. Kameah discovers how
music can change lives and connect people as she
evolves as a DJ.
POEMS:
 KENNY OBLERO (LA UNION)
 Sulisog
praises the resilience and strength of La
Union's people. The poem emphasizes that
individuals can triumph over challenges and
hardships. It highlights the enduring spirit of La
Union's residents and their ability to overcome
obstacles. Kenny Oblero beautifully depicts a
community that remains steadfast in the face of
life's trials, drawing inspiration from its heritage
and traditions. "
Region I
Ilocos Literature

11. Lambak ng Cagayan)
(designated as Region II) is an
administrative region in the
Philippines located in the
northeastern portion of Luzon.
 Ibanag folk poetry – purely sung
which explains how it was handed
down to the present -Narrative,
Romantic and Ridiculing.
Region II
Cagayan Valley

12. CAGAYAN VALLEY LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
POET:
 FERNANDO MARAMAG
 The Rural Maid
beautifully depicts rural life's simplicity and
the charm of a countryside girl. The poem highlights
her purity and the beauty of her surroundings,
evoking nostalgia for the tranquil countryside.
 LEONA FLORENTINO
 Emilia
touching poem about love and longing. It's
written from Emilia's viewpoint, expressing her deep
feelings and sadness due to her loved one's
absence. The poem skillfully conveys complex
emotions and the depth of romantic love.
Region II
Cagayan Valley
Literature

13. CAGAYAN VALLEY LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
POET:
 ISAGANI CRUZ
 Bigong Pag-asa
a powerful piece of literature that delves into
the theme of hopelessness. Through vivid imagery
and poignant storytelling, Cruz explores the depths
of despair and the human struggle to find meaning
and purpose in a seemingly bleak world.
FERNANDO MARAMAG
 The Presentation
a thought-provoking poem that reflects on
the complexities of life and existence. Maramag
uses vivid and descriptive language to paint a
picture of the world's wonders and challenges,
leaving readers with a sense of awe and
introspection.
Region II
Cagayan Valley
Literature

14. CAGAYAN VALLEY LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
POET:
 FERNANDO MARAMAG
 My Queen Tagala
a heartfelt poem that celebrates love and
admiration for a beloved woman. Through eloquent
verses, Maramag expresses deep affection and
reverence for the queen of his heart, highlighting
the beauty and grace that captivate him.
 FERNANDO MARAMAG
 Jose Rizal
pays tribute to the great Filipino hero, Jose
Rizal. Maramag's poem praises Rizal's intellect,
bravery, and love for his homeland, portraying him
as a symbol of inspiration and patriotism for the
Filipino people.
Region II
Cagayan Valley
Literature

15. CAGAYAN VALLEY LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
POET:
 CAROLINA ARCEO
 Frustrated Wish
a poignant literary work that explores the
theme of unfulfilled desires and dreams. Arceo's
writing delves into the emotions of longing and the
bittersweet reality of dreams that remain unrealized,
inviting readers to reflect on the human experience
of yearning for something beyond reach.
Region II
Cagayan Valley
Literature

16. Region iii
Central Luzon
A combination of towering mountains,
extinct and active volcanoes, lush,
verdant farmlands, and
natural sea harbors. It is one of the
leading growth regions in the Philippines,
located at the heart of
Asia.
 Their works is had may different of Themes.
Nature or happening in the society

17. Region iii
Central Luzon
CENTRAL LUZON LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORK
 ROMMEL N. ANGARA (AURORA)
 Pa’no ang Pasko
Through his writing, he delves into the traditions, emotions,
and significance of the holiday season, providing readers with a
deep reflection on what Christmas truly means
 LEVI CELERIO (BULACAN)
 Basta’t Mahal Kita
presents a heartfelt declaration of love in "Basta't Mahal
Kita." His verses beautifully capture the depth of affection and
commitment between two people. I
 Galawgaw
touches upon themes of freedom and expression, invoking a
sense of liberation and empowerment.
 Umaga ng Neneng
portrays the morning of a woman named Neneng, providing
readers with a glimpse into her life and daily experiences.

18. Region iii
Central Luzon
CENTRAL LUZON LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORK
 JUAN CRISOSTOMO (TARLAC)
 Anac ng Katipunan
His work commemorates the bravery and sacrifices of
those who fought for Philippine independence.
 Alang Dios
explores themes of spirituality and devotion, inviting
readers to contemplate their faith and connection to the
divine.

19. Is one of the regions of the Philippine is also designated
as region VI – A and it regional capital is Calamba City in
Laguna. The region is composed of five provinces,
namely: Cavite, Laguna, batangas, Rizal and , Quezon.
The regions name is an acronym of the name of these
provinces. The area is rich in history. It’s where the
Philippines’ independence from Spain was first declared
in 1898. It’s the birthplace of national heroes such as
Jose Rizal (from Calamba, Laguna), Emilio Aguinaldo
(from kawit, Cavite), Apolinario Mabini (from Tanauan,
Batangas) and Miguel Malvar (from Sto. Tomas,
Batangas).
Region IVA
CALABARZON

20. CALABARZON LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
 Renowned Filipino writer Francisco Arcellana
explores the intricacies of Filipino family life in "The
Mats" and depicts rural life in "The Flowers of May."
These stories delve into family dynamics and rural
living, showcasing their beauty and challenges, all
while evoking nostalgia and appreciation for
traditions.
 Francisco Balagtas is famous for "Florante at
Laura," a Philippine literary masterpiece that tells a
compelling story of love, honor, and heroism amid
challenges and political strife. His work "Orosman
at Zafira" also showcases his poetic brilliance,
narrating a tale of love and war with deep themes
and lyrical verses that resonate with readers.
Region IVA
Calabarzon

21. CALABARZON LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
 Lualhati Bautista's "Dekada '70" is a gripping novel
that immerses readers in the turbulent political
landscape of 1970s Philippines through one
family's experiences. In "Bata, Bata... Pa'no Ka
Ginawa?" Bautista explores contemporary Filipino
society by delving into the life of a strong,
independent woman who questions societal norms
on womanhood and motherhood.
 Carlos Bulosan's "America Is in the Heart" is a semi-
autobiographical novel about a Filipino immigrant's
experiences in the United States, addressing
identity, racism, and the pursuit of the American
Dream. "The Laughter of My Father" is a collection
of autobiographical essays where Bulosan reflects
on his childhood, family connections, and
immigrant challenges.
Region IVA
Calabarzon

22. CALABARZON LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
 Cecilia Manguerra Brainard's "When the Rainbow
Goddess Wept" offers a historical view of the
Japanese occupation in World War II Philippines,
showcasing Filipino resilience and courage. In
"Magdalena," Brainard delves into identity, love,
and cultural heritage through a Filipina woman's
story.
 Linda Ty Casper's "Woman with Horns and Other
Stories" is a collection of short stories that explore
different aspects of Filipino life and culture. These
stories cover a range of themes and demonstrate
Casper's talent for crafting engaging characters
and scenarios. In "The Hand You're Dealt," Casper
delves into the complex dynamics of family
relationships, providing readers with a thought-
provoking examination of familial bonds.
Region IVA
Calabarzon

23. CALABARZON LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
 Gilda Cordero-Fernando's "The Butcher, The Baker,
The Candlestick Maker: Profiles of Filipino
Entrepreneurs" showcases stories of Filipino
entrepreneurs, highlighting their achievements and
struggles in the business world. It offers insights
into the Philippines' business scene and the
determination of those who contribute to it.
"Manila: Work in Progress" is a book that examines
the changing urban landscape of Manila, giving
readers a glimpse into the city's history, culture,
and growth.
 Edmundo Farolan's "Aurelia" is a novel that
transports readers through a compelling story of
history, love, and fate. With vivid storytelling and
finely drawn characters, it explores enduring love
and how past choices shape the present. The
narrative provides insight into the intricacies of
human feelings and the unstoppable march of time.
Region IVA
Calabarzon

24. CALABARZON LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS
WORKS
Famous Writer and His Works
 Mars Ravelo (October9, 1916 – September 12,1988,
Tanza, Cavite) was a Filipino graphic novelist who
created the characters Darna, Dyesebel, Captain
Barbell, Lastikman, Bondying, Varga, Wanted:
Perfect Mother, Hiwaga, Maruja, Mariposa, Rita,
Buhay Pilipino, Jack and Jill, Flash Bomba, Tiny
Tony and Dragonna among others.
Region IVA
Calabarzon

25. Region IVB
Mimaropa one of the regions of the Philippines. It is one of
two regions of the Philippines having no land
borders with another region. The name is a
portmanteau combining the names of its
provinces which are Occidental Mindoro,
Oriental Mindoro, Marinduque, Romblon and
Palawan.

26. His collection of poems and short stories reflects the beauty and complexities of life.
Malas Leviste Jacob
Short Story:
"Glowing Embers" emphasizes hope and
resilience in challenging times.
"A Farm Boy" evokes nostalgia for rural
life's simplicity.
"The Sky Reader" explores the wonders of
the cosmos.
"Make Me a Meat" delves into desire and
longing with vivid imagery
"The Beauty Written," the story delves into the
various dimensions of beauty, prompting
readers to ponder human perception.

27. Region V
Bicol Region
The Bicol Region also known as
Bicolandia, is composed of three
provinces of the Bicol Peninsula
(Albay, Camarines Norte and
Camarines Sur ) , one southern end of
Luzon Isaland ( Sorsogon ) and two
island provinces adjacent to the
peninsula ( Catanduanes and
Masbate).
 The Bicolano can write memorable and
significant pieces.

28. Region V
Bicol Region
BICOL REGION LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
 Bienvenido N. Santos' "Early Harvest" is a collection of short
stories that provide insights into the experiences of Filipino
immigrants in the United States. These stories explore
themes like identity, displacement, and cultural adjustment,
delving into the challenges and successes of Filipino-
Americans.
 Potenciano Gregorio Sr.'s "Sarung Banggi" is a well-known
Filipino folk song that praises the charm of a countryside
night. It vividly portrays the peaceful and enchanting
atmosphere of a Philippine rural evening, highlighting the
beauty of nature.
 Jose Obias' "Our Lady of Peñafrancia" is a religious piece
that honors the Virgin Mary, especially as Our Lady of
Peñafrancia in the Philippines. It underscores the profound
religious faith of Filipinos and their deep respect for the
Virgin Mary as a source of solace and inspiration.
 Merito B. Espinas' "Ibalon" is an epic poem that tells the
stories, myths, and legends of the Bicol region in the
Philippines. It weaves a cultural tapestry of Bicolano
heritage through tales of heroes, creatures, and exciting
adventures.

29. Region V
Bicol Region
BICOL REGION LITERATURE AND THE AUTHORS WORKS
 Teresita E. Erastain's "The Legend of Mayon Volcano" is a
literary piece that narrates the mythical tale behind the
formation of Mayon Volcano, a renowned natural landmark
in the Philippines. This legend combines themes of love,
tragedy, and the supernatural to offer a captivating
explanation for the volcano's unique shape.
 Mariel M. Dela Cruz's "The House of a Gambler" is a story
that examines the realm of gambling and how it affects
people and their families. It touches on addiction, taking
risks, and the outcomes of the decisions made.
 Remigio Laguno's "The Caroles" is a literary piece likely
connected to Philippine caroling traditions, possibly
depicting the customs and festivities tied to this popular
Christmas season activity.
 Carlos Ojeda Aureus' "Cathedral – Landmarks in Bicol
Fiction" is probably a book that highlights important
elements of Bicol fiction, such as notable literary works,
authors, or themes that have shaped the region's literary
heritage in the Philippines.

30. (CAR) Cordillera
Administrative Region
In 1908, the Cordillera region was
organized as one administrative region
called the Mountain Province, with an
American governor at helm. The post-
colonial period saw the political
reorganization of the Cordillera into
separate provinces and the shifting
provincial and regional boundaries.
 This region is home to numerous indigenous tribes
collectively called the Igorot.
 has abundant mineral reserves. These include
metallic ores such as gold, copper, silver, zinc and
non-metallic minerals like sand, gravel and surfer.

31. Cordillera Literature is in the oral tradition and may be
classified into ritualistic and non-ritualistic.
Cordillera Literature
Ritualistic Literature Non-ritualistic Literature
- consists of secular forms which can be
performed on any occasion, during festivities or
moments of leisure, to express communal
sentiments or personal yearning.
- consists of songs, chants, and narratives
which can only be performed or recited in
a religious context in the observance of
certain rituals or ceremonies in divine or
supernatural intervention in human affairs
are invoked.

32.  Like other Philippine folk epics, Cordillera epic poetry revolves around the
daring feats and adventures of a folk hero who possesses extraordinary
attributes and embodies the beliefs and ideals held by the community.
Epic Poetry
1.
2.
Hudhud (Aliguyon)
Ullalim
Gawan
Alim
Other Examples
 Examples of Cordillera epic poetry are The Harvest Song of Aliguyon (Ifugao)
and The Heroic Exploits of Banna (Kalinga).

33. Hudhud (Aliguyon)
- a mythical figure known for wealth and
prowess. It is sung: during the wake for the
member of the upper class, at weeding time
when women work the rice fields, and during
the harvest season.
Ullalim
- are long ballads chanted either by men or women
during feats and other social occasions such as peace
pact assembles. It represents the epic tradition of
Southern Kalinga.

34. Alim
- has ritual connections and its principals
characters are divine beings, not mortal. It
also exclusively by men. It may be performed
on other occasions, e.g., during the conduct of
prestige feasts and at harvest time.
Gawan
- In the northern part of the province the main hero is
Gawan, a human being who has supernatural
attributes. Called gasumbi these epic songs are sung at
night during the harvest time and are all about
headhunting and courtship, with the narrative being
enlivened by elements of magic and supernatural.

35. Diam
Legends
- Legends are considered as truthful accounts
although the events they narrate often takes
place at a time that is more recent than the
mythological past. The principal characters are
human and not supernatural being, and they are
not recited as part of ritual or sacrifice.
Examples:
- The Origin of Man (Kankanay)
- The Legend of Magat River
- Ritual myth, recited be mediums, meant to
explain the origin of the particular rituals
and how these rituals should be conducted.
Examples of Cordillera myths are How
Balitok and Bugan Obtained Children
(Ifugao), Lumawig and Kabigat and Balitok
and Kabigat (Ibaloy).
Cordillera Myths
 Cordillera myths talk of a very remote past when the world had not yet taken its present form and human affairs went
on with a lot of divine intervention. Their myths are of a sacred nature, hence there are restrictions as to when and
where they can be told. They are recited to affirm the propriety of ceremonies, to summon the spirits, or to validate
certain belief.

36. It is the smallest of the country of the administrative
region, but the most populous and the most densely
populated. It is also the only region without any
provinces.
It is actually divided into four (4) districts:
 1st District: City of Manila- Manila itself. The capital
city of the Philippines.
 2nd District: Mandaluyong City, Maricina City, Pasig
City, Quezon City and San Juan City
 3rd District: Caloocan City, Malabon City, Navotas
City and Valenzuela City
 4th District: Las Pinas City, Makati City, Muntinlupa
City, Paranaque City, Municipality of Pateros and
Taguig City
NCR does not have many provinces but composed of 16
cities and 1 Municipality, which is Pateros.
(NCR)
National
Capital Region

37. AUTHORS
 Andres Bonifacio, known as the "Father of the Philippine
Revolution," led the fight for Philippine independence from
Spanish rule. He established the Katipunan, a crucial
revolutionary group that motivated many Filipinos to join
the quest for freedom, thanks to his strong dedication to
the cause.
 Emilio Jacinto, a Filipino revolutionary and close ally of
Andres Bonifacio, played a vital role in the Katipunan. He
was called the "Brains of the Katipunan" due to his
intelligence and commitment to freedom. Jacinto's
writings, especially the "Kartilya ng Katipunan," offered
guidance and motivation to the revolutionaries in their
battle against Spanish oppression.
 Jose Dela Cruz, nicknamed Huseng Sisiw or "King of
Poets," was a significant figure in Philippine literature
during the Spanish colonial era. He was renowned for his
poetic skills and his role in advancing Filipino poetry. Dela
Cruz's writings beautifully reflected Filipino culture and
identity, leaving a lasting mark on the nation's literary
heritage.
(NCR)
National
Capital Region

38. AUTHORS
 Jose Corazon de Jesus, also known as Huseng Batute or
the "King of Debate Poetry," was a renowned Filipino poet
and writer. He excelled in balagtasan, a traditional form of
poetic debate, using clever and meaningful verses to
spark conversations on significant social and political
topics. His talent made him a beloved and influential figure
in Philippine literature.
 Cecilio Apostol, hailing from Sta. Cruz, Manila, was a
versatile writer who made significant contributions to
diverse literary forms such as poetry, essays, and
historical writings. His works frequently expressed his
profound affection for his homeland and its vibrant
history. Apostol played a crucial role in shaping the
cultural and intellectual aspects of the Philippines.
 Faustino Aguilar, a Filipino novelist, journalist, and
revolutionary, played a pivotal role in spreading
revolutionary ideals during a crucial time in Philippine
history. His writings were a potent means of rallying
support for the Filipino struggle against colonial
oppression.
(NCR)
National
Capital Region

39. AUTHORS
 Amado V. Hernandez, known as "Ka Amado," was a
distinguished Filipino poet, playwright, and journalist. He
was honored as the "National Artist for Literature" for his
remarkable literary contributions, especially his poems
and plays that tackled social justice concerns. Hernandez's
identity as a "Worker-Poet, Imprisoned Poet" emphasized
his dedication to championing the rights of the working
class.
 Severino Reyes, or "Lola Basyang," was honored as the
"Father of Sarsuwela" and "Father of Tagalog Theater." He
was a prolific playwright and storyteller whose captivating
tales found a broad audience in the Philippines. Reyes is
remembered for popularizing the sarsuwela, a form of
Tagalog theater blending music, drama, and social
commentary.
(NCR)
National
Capital Region

40. AUTHORS
 Liwayway Arceo, a versatile writer, made significant
contributions as a feature writer, novelist, narrator,
translator, and editor. Her writings frequently explored
current issues and societal truths, establishing her as a
prominent figure in Philippine literature. Arceo's literary
career had a lasting impact on the world of Filipino literature.
 Lualhati Torres Bautista, a highly esteemed Filipino female
novelist, is famous for her socially relevant and thought-
provoking novels. Her writings delve into intricate human
connections and the challenges women encounter in a male-
dominated society. Bautista's literary accomplishments have
solidified her as a cherished figure among both readers and
scholars, establishing her as a significant presence in
Philippine literature.
(NCR)
National
Capital Region

41.  WORKS
 "Bahay Kubo" is a cherished Philippine folk song that
wonderfully portrays the rural and traditional elements of
Filipino culture. Its lyrics vividly depict the nipa hut, or
"bahay kubo," and the diverse fruits and vegetables in its
vicinity. This folk song is both a musical joy and a cultural
gem that honors the simplicity and richness of rural life in
the Philippines. There isn't a single known author of "Bahay
Kubo" as it's considered a traditional folk song passed down
through generations.
 "Banyaga," a short story by Liwayway Arceo, delves into the
challenges faced by a foreigner in a new land, including
discrimination and prejudice. The story explores themes of
identity, belonging, and the desire for acceptance, making it
a poignant reflection on the immigrant experience.
 "Ibong Adarna" is a famous epic poem in Philippine literature,
attributed to Jose Dela Cruz. It tells the story of three
princes on a quest to capture the magical bird Adarna,
whose song can heal the sick. Throughout their journey, they
face challenges and adventures, teaching important lessons
about determination, loyalty, and the outcomes of one's
choices.
(NCR)
National
Capital Region

42.  WORKS
 Lualhati Torres Bautista's novel, "Bata, Bata Pa'no ka Ginawa?"
(Child, How Were You Made?), tells the story of a single
mother, Lea, as she deals with the challenges of motherhood,
womanhood, and societal expectations. The book explores
gender roles, relationships, and women's rights in a
conservative society, using Lea's journey to shed light on
women's struggles and their strength in difficult times.
 This riddle, "Bugtong2x Butong binalot ng bakal, bakal na
binalot ng Kristal- Lansones," is a fun Filipino tradition that
plays with words and metaphors to describe lansones fruit
wrapped in metal and crystal layers. Riddles like this are a
popular form of entertainment among friends and family,
challenging one's creativity and clever thinking.
 The saying "Don't trust strangers" is a brief way of
emphasizing the need to be cautious and skeptical when
dealing with people you don't know. Proverbs like this provide
valuable wisdom for navigating relationships and life,
reminding us to be careful and discerning when interacting
with unfamiliar individuals. The author of this proverb is
unknown, as it reflects a universal truth passed down through
generations.
(NCR)
National
Capital Region

43. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!!

44. An allusion to a mythological story or figure.
Mythical Allusion
Example from the poem 'Heart of
Darkness' by Joseph Conrad (1899):
In the novel, the protagonist Marlow encounters
two administration women at the Company's
headquarters in France. Through their
description, he alludes to the Fates from Greek
mythology, three witch-like women who spin,
measure, and cut the thread of each human life.
Through this comparison he shows his feeling
that these women hold the power to determine
his fate.
"The two women knitted black wool
feverishly... a cat reposed on her lap... a wart
on one cheek... guarding the door of
darkness... Not many of those she looked at
ever saw her again"

45. The following list includes some of the most common
mythical allusions in literature. Choose TWO allusions
from the list. For each allusion, provide a brief summary
of the myth story it alludes to then explain the meaning
of the statement.
• I'm trying to eat healthy but ice cream is my Achilles
Heel.
• The team put in a Herculean effort to win the
tournament.
• It's hot as Hades in this classroom.
• I've been hit by Cupid's Arrow.
• He only started his business two months ago but he
seems to have the Midas Touch.
• By going through his phone you've opened Pandoras
Box.
• Her seemingly innocent offer turned out to be a
Trojan Horse.
Mythological
Allusions
Activity

46. An allusion to a literary text or character.
Literary Allusion
Example from novel, Jane Eyre by
Charlotte Bronte (1847)
In the novel, the protagonist, Jane makes an
allusion to the character of Bluebeard from a
French folktale by Charles Perrault that tells the
story of a murderous husband who has a locked
chamber filled with the bodies of his previous
wives. This creates an eerie first impression of
Rochester's mansion and offers subtle
foreshadowing clues about Edward Rochester's
dark secret.
"narrow, low, and dim, with only one little
window at the far end, and looking, with
its two rows of small black doors all shut,
like a corridor in some Bluebeard's castle"

47. The following list includes some common literary
allusions. Choose TWO allusions from the list. For each
allusion, provide a brief summary of the work it alludes
to then explain the meaning of the statement.
• She's such a Scrooge when it comes to splitting the
bill.
• My boss is a regular Jekyll and Hyde - I can never tell
what mood he's going to be in.
• I know everyone's chosen the easier course but I
prefer taking the road less travelled.
• I told him to think things through but he's got a real
Icarus complex.
• I don't trust smartphones. Big Brother is always
watching us.
• The final exam week of the year is both the best of
times and the worst of times.
Literary
Allusions
Activity

48. An allusion to a historical event or period.
Historical Allusion
Example from the play Macbeth by
William Shakespeare (1606)
In this scene, a porter imagines himself as a
gatekeeper to hell and uses the word
'equivocator' to allude to the Gunpowder Plot -
whereby Catholic priest Henry Garnet was
executed for treason as he attempted to blow
up the English Parliament and King James I in
1605. The allusion seems to serve as a warning
to anyone contemplating regicide and directly
foreshadows the plot of Macbeth.
"Faith, here’s an equivocator that could
swear in both the scales against either
scale, who committed treason enough for
God’s sake, yet could not equivocate to
heaven. Oh, come in, equivocator"

49. The following list includes some common literary
allusions. Choose TWO allusions from the list. For each
allusion, provide a brief summary of the work it alludes
to then explain the meaning of the statement.
• It's hard to resist him because he's such a Casanova.
• I met my Waterloo in that game of chess.
• I don’t think any country could follow any of these
make-believe Draconian laws.
• Her lie slowly unraveled like Watergate.
• That kid is a genius, he might as well be the next
Einstein.
• I'm trying to get the information but I keep being
stonewalled.
• I owe $20,000 tax to Uncle Sam.
• No wonder she won the vote, she's a regular Mother
Teresa.
Historical
Allusions
Activity

50. Implicit
Intertextuality
Implicit intertextuality is more subtle and indirect. It refers to the
presence of other texts or underlying connections without
explicitly mentioning or citing them.

51. Genre
Conventions
Genre conventions connect texts, even when there
is no direct reference or explicit mention of another
specific work. It occurs when a text evokes or
alludes to certain patterns, tropes or conventions
that are commonly associated with a particular
genre.
These implicit references rely on the audience's
familiarity with them to make connections and
interpret meaning.
For example, the detective genre often includes a
crime, a detective protagonist, a puzzle-like plot
structure, and a resolution that uncovers the truth.
When a new detective story follows these generic
conventions, it implicitly references the great
detectives of classic detective fiction, like Sherlock
Holmes without explicitly mentioning them.

52. Genre
Conventions
Through implicit intertextuality, genre conventions can
also be subverted or parodied.
For example, a comedic film that mocks the genre of
action implicitly refers to the action genre by
highlighting their familiar tropes or clichés. The
intertextual connection relies on the audience
recognizing and understanding the genre conventions
being referenced in order to appreciate the humor.
Additionally, genre conventions can serve as a shared
cultural reference point that allows audiences to make
connections between seemingly unrelated texts.
When a science fiction film includes futuristic
technology, aliens, and space exploration, it implicitly
references other science fiction works, creating a
network of intertextual associations that contribute to
the broader development and evolution of the genre.

53. Parody
A parody is a text that imitates or mocks the style,
themes or elements of another text, often with
deliberate exaggeration of humorous or satirical
effects.
The word parody is derived from the Greek parōidía,
meaning 'a song sung alongside another'.
For instance, a satirical cartoon might mimic the visual
style of a famous painting while portraying a current
event.
Parodies are typically negative in intent as they call to
attention to a writer’s perceived weaknesses or a
genres overused conventions and seeks to ridicule
them. However, successful parody cannot be written
without a thorough appreciation of the work that it
mimics, regardless of intent.

54. Archetypes
Archetypes refer to recurring themes, motifs, or
character types that are universally recognized and
appear across different texts and cultures.
These also evoke intertextuality through invoking
associations with other texts, without explicitly
mentioning them. Archetypes have built-in cultural or
literary meanings that the audience recognizes,
allowing them to understand the implicit reference.
For example, a character who embodies the archetype
of the "tragic hero" inevitably recalls references to
other literary tragic heroes, such as Oedipus or Hamlet.
This implicit reference creates depth and resonance by
tapping into the collective knowledge and emotions
associated with those archetypal narratives.

55. Archetypes
Archetypal imagery or symbols can also be
used implicitly to establish intertextuality.
For instance, the image of a snake as a
symbol of temptation or the apple as a
symbol of forbidden knowledge subtly
references the biblical story of Adam and
Eve.
Even without directly mentioning the biblical
text, the implicit intertextuality through
archetypes invokes the audience's
knowledge and understanding of the original
story.

56. Read the text and identify intertextual references (either explicit or implicit).
Analysing Intertextuality
1.
2.
Research these source texts or use your own knowledge of them to identify
similarities or differences in ideas, perspectives, style etc. that can be linked to
the current text. Remember, the source text might not offer the same perspective
- it might contradict or challenge it.
Consider the author's reason for the intertextual reference (if deliberate) or if not,
consider how intertextual knowledge shapes your response. Ultimately, ask
yourself how does intertextuality impact the meaning you make from the text.

57. To Conclude
Intertextuality serves as a powerful tool in an author's arsenal, allowing them to transform
and build upon existing source material to create something entirely new and thought-
provoking. By reading intertextually, we can examine how a text might position our response
by inviting us to draw on ways of thinking we have encountered in other texts. By analyzing
this fascinating aspect of literary creativity, we can gain a deeper appreciation for the
interplay between texts, the multiple layers of meaning created and the ways in which
intertextuality enhances the literary landscape.

58. Explicit
Intertextuality
Explicit intertextuality involves direct or overt references to other
texts. It occurs when a specific text or source is mentioned,
quoted, or paraphrased explicitly within a different text.