Literary Elements
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This document defines and explains various literary elements that are commonly used when analyzing books and stories. It discusses elements such as theme, setting, character, plot, conflict, point of view, symbolism, tone, and more. For each element, examples are provided to illustrate how that element is used in literature. The overall summary is that this document serves as a guide to understanding the key components and techniques involved in writing and analyzing fictional works.
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This document discusses generalizations and how to identify valid versus faulty generalizations. It defines a generalization as a broad statement about a group that states something they have in common. Faulty generalizations are not supported by facts and use absolute words like "all" or "never." Valid generalizations are supported by facts, examples, and logical thinking. The document provides examples of both valid and faulty generalizations and encourages analyzing whether a generalization is truly representative of an entire group.
Invasive species
The document describes 6 different invasive species, including the killer algae Caulerpa taxifolia, Nile perch fish, killer bee, cane toad, Formosan subterranean termite, and European starling bird. Each species is identified by its alien name, common name, type (plant, fish, insect, amphibian, etc.), and the cause of its invasion is listed as human mistake, introduction, or activity.
Ecosystems For Grades 4-6
This document provides an overview of key concepts in ecosystems, including definitions of an ecosystem, different ecosystem types, and interactions within ecosystems. It defines an ecosystem as a place where animals, plants and non-living materials exist together. It then describes several different ecosystem types such as mountains, tundra, temperate forests and deserts. Finally, it outlines important interactions that take place within ecosystems, including predation, symbiosis, producers/consumers, and succession over time after a disturbance like a forest fire.
Compare and contrast for Fifth Grade
This document discusses comparing and contrasting topics by finding their similarities and differences. It provides an example of comparing frogs and ducks, noting they both hatch from eggs and make noises, but frogs use their back legs to swim and hibernate in winter while ducks use webbed feet and a beak to eat fish or pond grass. Another example compares characters Harry and Hermione, noting they are both wizards who go to Hogwarts but Harry was born a half-blood wizard while Hermione was born a Muggle. The document introduces comparing and contrasting and provides two short examples.
Characterization for Fifth Grade
Characterization is how an author develops characters in a story through direct or indirect means. Direct characterization uses clear statements about a character, while indirect characterization shows a character's thoughts or how others perceive them. The document discusses different types of characterization authors use to develop characters that readers come to know through the story.
Realistic fiction for Fourth Graders
Realistic fiction consists of stories that could actually happen in real life, involving realistic plots, characters, and settings. Realistic fiction stories take place in the real world and do not involve magic or fantasy. They explore realistic subjects like family life, friendship, prejudice, and self-esteem through characters and events that are plausible within the real world.
Point of view for Fourth Graders
The document discusses three perspectives, or points of view, from which a story can be told: first-person, second-person, and third-person. In first-person point of view the narrator is a character in the story who uses pronouns like "I" and "me". Second-person point of view is told by "you", while third-person perspective uses pronouns like "they", "he", and "she" and the narrator is not a character in the story.
Onomatopoeia for Fourth Graders
Onomatopoeia are words that echo or imitate natural sounds. These sound words mimic the noises made by objects, things, and actions through their spelling and pronunciation. Onomatopoeia provide a concise way to represent sounds in writing.
Limericks
Limericks are short, humorous poems that have a strict rhyme scheme of AABBA, with lines 1, 2 and 5 rhyming together and lines 3 and 4 rhyming together. An example limerick is provided about a mouse running up a clock, as well as another about an old man with a beard. Instructions are given for writing your own limericks, including a partially completed example and a note that limericks can be set to song.
Inferences4thgrade
This document discusses inferences and how readers make inferences when reading. It explains that making inferences involves taking clues from the text and combining them with your own background knowledge to picture what is happening beyond just the explicit words. It provides an example of making inferences about the emotions and perspectives of characters in a cartoon based on visual clues and things implied but not directly stated in the text. The document encourages readers to actively question and visualize what they are reading to make informed inferences.
Making Inferences for Fourth Grade
This document discusses inferences and how readers make inferences when reading. It explains that making inferences involves taking clues from the text and combining them with your own background knowledge to picture what is happening beyond just the explicit words. It provides an example of making inferences about the emotions and perspectives of characters in a cartoon based on visual clues and things left unsaid. The document encourages readers to practice making inferences to better understand implicit details and meanings in texts.
Idioms for Fourth Graders
This document discusses idioms, which are expressions that do not literally mean what the words say. It provides examples of common idioms and their meanings, such as "pulling my leg" meaning teasing, "knocked her over with a feather" meaning very surprised, "drop me a line" meaning write me a letter, and "down in the dumps" meaning feeling sad. The document seeks to illustrate idioms and show that their real meanings can be different than the literal meaning of the words through various examples.
Homophones
Homophones are words that sound the same but have different spellings and meanings. Examples provided are band/banned, board/bored, and Sunday/sundae. Homophones can be used in sentences to confuse the reader about which word is being used based on context, such as "the wind blew my board shirt into the pool" or "I ate the bored pancakes that were on my plate." A homophone generator is also included.
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Literary Elements
- 1. Literary Elements …words used to describe what goes on in books
- 3. DIRECTLY STATED › Obviously stated or given to the reader in the novel INDIRECTLY STATED › Must figure out theme by analyzing what the novel reveals about life or the people
- 4. Friendship Good vs. Evil Struggles Courage Determination Perseverance Acceptance Loyalty Freedom Love Hope Man vs. Nature Prejudice Suffering Death Responsibility
- 5. Theme
- 6. The way an author develops the characters in the story
- 7. Clear statements are made about the character. “Ron is honest.” The author writes about a character’s thoughts or what others are thinking about them.
- 8. Time & place of the story The “backdrop” Helps create the feeling or atmosphere of the book. Real or imaginary.
- 11. Authors use flashback to show something about a character’s past. A flashback is a scene that interrupts a story to describe an earlier event.
- 12. Conflict is the struggle or problem in the story. Conflict drives the action of a story. Resolution is the way the conflict is settled.
- 13. Takes place within the mind of a character. They may struggle to make a decision, take action, or overcome a feeling. A character struggles against an outside force. May have conflict w/ another character or a force in nature.
- 14. Arrangement of events in the story. Exposition – introducing the characters, setting, & situation Rising Action • Events that increase action Climax • High point of the story, story’s outcome becomes clear Falling Action • Events that follow the climax Resolution • Outcome
- 15. Mood › Mood is the feeling the author creates during the story.
- 16. First Person Narrator takes part in the action of the story and refers to him/her self as “I”. Limited insight to the story. Third Person Narrator does not take part of action. Is an outside observer, can share information that other characters do not know. Is allknowing.
- 17. To develop ideas about what will happen next in a story. You must use your prior knowledge and clues from the story!!
- 18. Author’s purpose & perspective go together. Author wants you to see the topic based on his beliefs/background. Author reveals his feelings/personal interest in the subject.
- 19. “Through My Eyes” by Ruby Bridges.
- 20. Inform – to learn something › Facts, details, instructions Persuade – to believe his position › Non-fiction, contains facts & author’s opinions Entertain – tell story, describe places/events › Play, poems, stories, jokes, comic strips
- 21. A symbol stands for or represents something. In literature, symbols stand for ideas (love or hope) Symbolism – is used to reinforce the theme or message.
- 22. Writers attitude towards the audience/subject. › Formal, informal, serious, playful, bitter Scary Mary Poppins Happy Mary Poppins
- 23. Facts – statements that can be proven Opinions – personal beliefs or feelings
- 24. Brief work of fiction. › Still contains a plot, conflict, & characters.
- 25. Making logical assumptions about something not directly stated in the text. Putting the clues from the story together… like a puzzle!
- 26. When you draw a conclusion you use 2 things: 1. What you know in your head. 2. What you’ve read in the story. A conclusion is the decision you come to when you put these two together.