List three relationships between DNA methylation and histone meth.pdf
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List three relationships between DNA methylation and histone methylation ? List three relationships between DNA methylation and histone methylation ? Solution The relationship between DNA methylation and histone lysine methylation is especially fascinating as the two seem, by all accounts, to be very interrelated. For instance, there is currently rising confirmation that the alteration state and succession of DNA can influence the methylation states on going with histones in chromatin, while the histone lysine methylation condition of chromatin can thus impact adjustment of the DNA itself. In spite of the fact that histone lysine methylation is moderated among eukaryotes, the advancement of DNA methylation is more intricate. DNA Methylation: DNA methylation includes exchange of a methyl amass from SAM to cytosine. This is finished by catalysts called DNA methyltransferases or DNMTs. There are 4 DNMTs (DNMT1, 2, 3A, 3B). DNMT1 guarantees the methyl stamp is added to the recently orchestrated DNA. DNMT2 methylates tRNA. DNMT3A and 3B are all over again methylases that adjust DNA relying upon the condition of the cell. In physical cells, most methylation more often than not occurs on CpG islands (CG or CXG, where X is some other nucleotide) in the promoter of a quality and this adjustment subdues the statement of the downstream quality. Histone Methylation: Histones are methylated on their lysine or arginine deposits by proteins called Histone MTases (HMT). Contingent upon the buildups, they are delegated KMTs (Lys) or RMTs (Arg). Like DNMTs, HMTs additionally utilize SAM as the methyl contributor. Lysines can be mono-, di-or tri-methylated and at times extraordinary methylation states on a similar buildup can be seen in restricting routes by the cell (For eg. H3K4 me1 is harsh while me2/me3 are indications of dynamic interpretation). Some very much considered lysine deposits that are methylated are K4 (by MLL1) ,K9 (by Suv39h1),K27 (by Ezh2) ,K36 (by Set2) and K79(by DOT1L) on H3 and K20 (by SETD8) on H4. Arginine, then again, can be monomethylated or dimethylated (symmetrically or lopsidedly). Like lysine methylation, arginine methylation advances or curbs translation relying upon the kind of methylation and position of the deposit. A portion of the known deposits are R3 (hilter kilter dimethylation by PRMT1) on H4 and R17 and R26 (lopsided dimethylated via CARM1) on H3. There is a rising acknowledgment that DNA and histone lysine methylation in warm blooded animals are profoundly interrelated. • Focusing of DNA methylation is mechanically connected to H3K9 methylation. • Uhrf1 goes about as a connection between H3K9 methylation and upkeep methylation amid DNA replication. • Focusing of Dnmt3a/b is impacted by H3K4 and H3K36 methylation. • Non-methylated DNA at CpG islands impacts histone methylation through ZF-CxxC proteins..
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This document discusses methylases, which are enzymes that add methyl groups to DNA. Specifically:
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- The methylase and restriction enzyme of a bacterial species together form the restriction-modification system, with the methylase protecting the host DNA.
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Mehthylases are those enzymes which catalyze the transference of only a methyl group (-CH3) from a donor to the target molecule.
Since we are talking about DNA Methylases these are those enzymes in which the target or recipient molecule happens to be a DNA or Nucleotide in a DNA sequence.
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In anova, what is represented by the letter N a.) The sum of the .pdf
In anova, what is represented by the letter N?
a.) The sum of the scores in a specific treatment
b.) The sum of the scores in the total research study
c.) The number of scores in a specific treatment
d.) The number of scores in the total research study
Solution
By defintion,
OPTION D: The number of scores in the total research study. [ANSWER].
In a Davis U-tube experiment, you add a different strain of auxotroph.pdf
In a Davis U-tube experiment, you add a different strain of auxotrophic bacteria to each side of
the apparatus. After allowing time for growth, you transferred and grew the bacteria on a plate
with minimal medium and noticed the growth of prototrophs. By which process did this genetic
transfer possibly occur if... There was DNase enzyme (breaks down free-floating DNA) present
in the medium? There was no DNase enzyme in the medium? There was DNase enzyme
present in the medium and the sintered glass filter was removed from the U-tube apparatus (no
separation between bacterial strains)? Answer the following questions with F^+, F^-, or Hfr.
More than one of these three may apply to a single question. Bacterium that does not have an F
factor. Bacterium that can donate an F factor.
Solution
Answer:
4. For DNA transfer to take place through conjugation between the two different bacteria,
physical contact is necessary.
a. When DNase is present, it can cleave any naked DNA present in the media. So, the only way
that can transfer DNA from one bacterial auxotroph to the other is through transduction (if the
media is contaminated with a bacteriophage) or through physical contact, i.e, conjugation (if the
sintered glass filter is defective).
b. When there is no DNase, the most probable mechanism of gene transfer is transformation
(transfer of naked DNA).
c. In this case, there can be physical contact between the two auxotroph strains. So, gene transfer
probably took place through conjugation.
5. a. Bacteria that does not have a F factor: F-
b. Bacteria that can donate a F factor: F+
( Hfr strains cannot transfer the F-factor efficiently to the F- strain due to the short duration of
conjugation tube formation).
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1) Polyamino(bis)guanidines and polyaminobiguanides can inhibit the histone demethylase LSD1 in vitro and in human colon cancer cells.
2) These inhibitors are non-competitive inhibitors of LSD1 and promote increased histone H3 lysine 4 dimethylation.
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Dna methylation
DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that involves the addition of a methyl group to cytosine residues in DNA. It is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferase enzymes and plays a key role in gene expression and cellular differentiation. Aberrant DNA methylation, including both hypermethylation and hypomethylation, has been associated with cancer development by disrupting gene expression. Detection of DNA methylation patterns can provide insights into cancer biology and may have applications as a diagnostic tool.
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O6–methylgunine-DNA methyltransferace (MGMT) is a DNA binding protein that is involved in repairing mutations.
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This document discusses the use of DNA methylation in forensic science. It begins with an introduction to DNA and DNA methylation. It then discusses how DNA methylation profiles can provide clues in forensic investigations, such as confirming DNA samples, predicting age, determining gender, identifying tissue sources and body fluids, differentiating identical twins, determining bio-geographic origins, and identifying anti-social behaviors. Several examples are provided. Common detection methods for DNA methylation are also summarized, including bisulfite sequencing and methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes. The document concludes that DNA methylation analysis has the potential to enhance DNA fingerprinting but is also limited by cost and technical requirements.
epigenetics.pptx
Epigenetics involves changes in gene expression without altering the DNA sequence. There are three main types of epigenetic modifications: DNA methylation, histone modification, and microRNAs. DNA methylation involves the addition of methyl groups to cytosine bases by DNMT enzymes and regulates gene expression. Histone modification involves changes like acetylation and methylation that affect chromatin structure and accessibility of DNA. MicroRNAs are short non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by inhibiting mRNA. Together, these epigenetic mechanisms regulate processes like cell differentiation through controlling gene activity.
Dna methyltransferase screening
A methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) is transferred to the C5 position of the pyrimidine ring of cytosine residues by DNMTs in genomic CpG dinucleotides.
https://www.creative-biogene.com/Services/Drug-Discovery-Services/DNA-Methyltransferase-Screening-and-Profiling.html
Genomic instability
Genomic instability plays an important role in cancer development by accelerating the accumulation of genetic changes in cancer cells. Several mechanisms can cause genomic instability, including defects in DNA repair pathways like base excision repair, mismatch repair, and double-strand break repair. Loss of function in DNA repair genes like MLH1 and MSH2 can lead to hypermutation and microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer. Other causes include problems with DNA replication, chromosome segregation, and telomere dysfunction. Genetic disorders involving genomic instability include ataxia-telangiectasia, neurofibromatosis type 1, Bloom syndrome, and ring chromosomes.
Mutation Presentation.pptx
The document summarizes a pathogenic missense mutation in the LMNA gene. The LMNA gene encodes lamin proteins that make up the nuclear lamina and mutations can cause several diseases. The specific mutation described creates a premature stop codon that is expected to result in an absent or disrupted lamin protein, consistent with known pathogenic loss-of-function variants in this gene.
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In anova, what is represented by the letter N?
a.) The sum of the scores in a specific treatment
b.) The sum of the scores in the total research study
c.) The number of scores in a specific treatment
d.) The number of scores in the total research study
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By defintion,
OPTION D: The number of scores in the total research study. [ANSWER].
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the apparatus. After allowing time for growth, you transferred and grew the bacteria on a plate
with minimal medium and noticed the growth of prototrophs. By which process did this genetic
transfer possibly occur if... There was DNase enzyme (breaks down free-floating DNA) present
in the medium? There was no DNase enzyme in the medium? There was DNase enzyme
present in the medium and the sintered glass filter was removed from the U-tube apparatus (no
separation between bacterial strains)? Answer the following questions with F^+, F^-, or Hfr.
More than one of these three may apply to a single question. Bacterium that does not have an F
factor. Bacterium that can donate an F factor.
Solution
Answer:
4. For DNA transfer to take place through conjugation between the two different bacteria,
physical contact is necessary.
a. When DNase is present, it can cleave any naked DNA present in the media. So, the only way
that can transfer DNA from one bacterial auxotroph to the other is through transduction (if the
media is contaminated with a bacteriophage) or through physical contact, i.e, conjugation (if the
sintered glass filter is defective).
b. When there is no DNase, the most probable mechanism of gene transfer is transformation
(transfer of naked DNA).
c. In this case, there can be physical contact between the two auxotroph strains. So, gene transfer
probably took place through conjugation.
5. a. Bacteria that does not have a F factor: F-
b. Bacteria that can donate a F factor: F+
( Hfr strains cannot transfer the F-factor efficiently to the F- strain due to the short duration of
conjugation tube formation).
If HDL levels were given in the dataset as a continuous (quantitativ.pdf
If HDL levels were given in the dataset as a continuous (quantitative) variable, and all the other
variables were still given as dichotomous variables, which of the following statistical tools we
can use to explore the relationship between a continuous quantitative DV and one or more binary
IVs (binary means taking only two values)? (choose all the correct answers).
T-test, ANOVA, or Regression?
Solution
As one variable is dichotomous therefore we will use t test in order to test sifgnificant diffrence
between mean of two levels of dichotomous variable..
I dont really know what two factor analysis is All my study guid sa.pdf
I dont really know what two factor analysis is? All my study guid says is to know what two
factor analysis, three factor anaylsis and tetrad anaylsis. Then it gives the things you should
know in each topic. THis is for Genetics.
Two factor analysis:
1) You should know how to determine the genotype (write it properly) of individuals based on
phenotype and phenotype based on genotype.
2) You should know cis and trans organization of alleles in a diploid organism.
3) Determine map distance between genes based on recombination frequency
4) You should be able to determine progeny size of different genotypes based on genetic map
and map distance. (distinguish between map position and map distance)
5) Know test cross and F2 analysis of linked and independently assorting genes. .
6) Show know how to do genetic analysis of organisms where recombination is seen in both
male and female gametogenesis and organisms where recombination is absent in males.
Solution
1. The phenotype means the external appearance of an organism. It is the observable
characteristics of any indivudual. As if we say the plant is tall having green and round seeds and
purple flowers, so the characters such as tall, green, round and purple are the phenotypic
characters of that plant.
Genotype refers to the genetic makeup of an individual. It constitutes the set of genes, whuch
decides the phenotype of organism.
Such as TTRR this is genotype of a homozygous tall plant having round seeds..
During transcription, which of the following is NOT found associated .pdf
During transcription, which of the following is NOT found associated with the RNA polymerase
at some point during the process? the DNA double helix the RNA-DNA hybrid helix single-
stranded RNA the RNA-RNA hybrid helix None of the above
Solution
Thr RNA-DNA hybrid helix. This is not associated with the rna polymerase in transcription. This
structure is not formed in transcription. It is found only in reverse transcription with the help of
the reverse transcriptase enzyme..
essay on elderly patients in rural areas having problems meeting hea.pdf
essay on elderly patients in rural areas having problems meeting health care needs due to
transportation
Solution
Many elderly patients who are above 60 years old have been facing higher complex situations
with respect to their health due to low transportation facilities across the country. This is due to
lack of both federal and state \"transportation health care budgets\" to implement health care
facilities including adequate rural transportation services finally making elderly people difficult
to their health care access those who have been suffering from dementia, diabetes and
neurodegenerative diseases. Therefore, the health care needs including accident and emergency
services to the rural pediatric patients are lower compared to the urban health care facilities so
that it is crucial to improve essential public transportation systems to bring these pediatric
patients to provide them with essential care.
Denatured protein has gone bad and should not be eaten has lost its.pdf
Denatured protein has gone bad and should not be eaten has lost its shape and therefore
function is dissolved in water is broken down into its amino acid monomers A disccharide
consists of two fatty acid tails two amino acid monomers two sugar monomers one glucose
Steroids are polysaccharides polypeptides hydrophilic hydrophobic which is Not a
characteristic of RNA single stranded thymine nucleic acid nibose which of these is an
organic molecule? CH4 H2O Nacl CO2
Solution.
Define liquidity and why money is said to be the most liquid of all .pdf
Define liquidity and why money is said to be the most liquid of all assets.
Solution
Liquidity is defined as the speed with which one asset can be converted into another asset that
can be instantly used as cash (for transaction purposes).
In this sense, money is the most liquid asset. Cash is already an asset that can be exchanged for
any purpose, but other components of money, for example checking deposits, savings, certificate
of deposits etc, can be concerted into cash at fastest possible time, therefore they are considered
most liquid of all assets. In contrast we can consider a farm-house which is a salable asset, but
selling it and getting cash for it takes much time, so it has very low liquidity..
Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Why do you th.pdf
Compare and contrast eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Why do you think their endomembrane
systems are different, is evolution involved? Paragraph format please, be very detailed and the
answer is expected to be long!
Solution
Prokaryote,relatively simple unicellular organism lacking a nucleus and other features found in
the more complex cells of all other organisms,called eukaryotes.In 1938 American biologist
Herbert Copeland proposed that unicellular organisms lacking nuclei be classified in their own
kingdom, Monera, also called Kingdom Prokaryotae.All bacteria were categorized in this newly
established kingdom. This scheme was the first to establish separate kingdoms for prokaryotes
(organisms without nuclei) and eukaryotes (organisms with nuclei).In 1990 American
microbiologist Carl Woese proposed that bacteria be divided into two groups,the archaea,or
archaebacteria,and bacteria, based on their structural and physiological differences.In some
classification systems,the archaea are considered prokaryotes;in others, they are classified in
their own domain, the archaea.Archaebacteria consist of a small group of primitive anaerobes
(organisms that do not require oxygen).They are found in a narrow range of habitats–often in
extreme environments with high temperature,high salt,or high acidity.In contrast, bacteria live in
a wide range of environments with or without oxygen, at various temperatures, and at various
levels of acidity.
In both prokaryotes and eukaryotes,the plasma membrane is composed of two layers of
phospholipid molecules interspersed with proteins,and regulates the traffic that flows in andout
of the cell.The prokaryotic plasma membrane,however,carries out additional functions.It
participates in replication of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) for cell division andsynthesis of
adenosine triphosphate (ATP),an energy molecule.In some prokaryotes,the plasma membrane is
essential for photosynthesis,the process that uses light energy to convert carbon dioxide and
water to glucose.
Fossil records indicate that eukaryotes evolved from prokaryotes somewhere between 1.5 to 2
billion years ago.Two proposed pathways describe the invasion of prokaryote cells by two
smaller prokaryote cells.They subsequently became successfully included as part of a now much
larger cell with additional structures and capable of additional functions.They are Endosymbiosis
and Membrane infolding.ProkaryotesEukaryotessize is 0.1-5.0 micrometressize is 5-100
micrometresnucleus is absentnucleus made of nuclear
envelope,chromatin,nucleoplasm,nucleoliDNA is circularDNA is linearDNA is naked and not
assosciated with histonesDNA is associated with histonesplasmids may occurplasmids are
rare.cell membrane have in folding called as mesosomemesosome is absentmitochondria are
absentpresentribosomes are 70S80Sgolgi apparatus,ER,lysosomes,centrosome absentall are
presentsexual reproduction is absentsexual reproduction occurs.endocytosis and exocytosis are
absentthey occur in e.
CHAP 13 OIS 3440-STATQuestionA chi-square test for goodness.pdf
CHAP 13
OIS 3440-STAT
Question
A chi-square test for goodness-of-fit is used to test whether or not there are any preferences
among 3 brands of peas. If the study uses a sample of n = 60 subjects, then the expected
frequency for each category would be:
60
20
33
30
Question,
When the variables of interest are both categorical and the decision maker is interested in
determining whether a relationship exists between the two, a statistical technique known as
contingency analysis is useful.
True
False
Question
A survey was recently conducted in which males and females were asked whether they owned a
laptop personal computer. The following data were observed:
Males
Females
Have Laptop
120
70
No Laptop
50
60
Given this information, if an alpha level of .05 is used, the test statistic for determining whether
having a laptop is independent of gender is approximately 14.23.
True
False
Question
In conducting a test of independence for a contingency table that has 4 rows and 3 columns, the
number of degrees of freedom is 11.
True
False
Question
If a contingency analysis test is performed with a 4 × 6 design, and if alpha = .05, the critical
value from the chi-square distribution is 24.9958
True
False
Question
A walk-in medical clinic believes that arrivals are uniformly distributed over weekdays (Monday
through Friday). It has collected the following data based on a random sample of 100 days.
Frequency
Mon
25
Tue
22
Wed
19
Thu
18
Fri
16
Total
100
Assuming that a goodness-of-fit test is to be conducted using a 0.10 level of significance, the
critical value is:
7.7794
9.4877
11.0705
9.2363
Question.
A walk-in medical clinic believes that arrivals are uniformly distributed over weekdays (Monday
through Friday). It has collected the following data based on a random sample of 100 days.
Frequency
Mon
25
Tue
22
Wed
19
Thu
18
Fri
16
Total
100
To conduct a goodness-of-fit test, what is the expected value for Friday?
20
25
100
16
Question
A walk-in medical clinic believes that arrivals are uniformly distributed over weekdays (Monday
through Friday). It has collected the following data based on a random sample of 100 days.
Frequency
Mon
25
Tue
22
Wed
19
Thu
18
Fri
16
Total
100
Based on these data, conduct a goodness-of-fit test using a 0.10 level of significance. Which
conclusion is correct?
Arrivals are uniformly distributed over the weekday because (test statistic) > (critical value).
Arrives are uniformly distributed over the weekday because (test statistic) < (critical value).
Arrivals are not uniformly distributed over the weekday because (test statistic) > (critical value).
Arrivals are not uniformly distributed over the weekday because (test statistic) > (critical value).
Question
We are interested in determining whether the opinions of the individuals on gun control (as to
Yes, No, and No Opinion) are uniformly distributed.
A sample of 150 was taken and the following data were obtained.
Do you support gun control
Number of Responses
Yes
40
No
60
No Opinion
.
bind two or more ions or molecules and tras Rot them ORRosi e divecti.pdf
bind two or more ions or molecules and tras Rot them ORRosi e divection acress a membrance
A. Ant Pro ters un Pert err C. Symerters D channel These act as rivets anchorina adjacent cetts
tosether at spots throughou the cell A. bronection R adhesions C. gae junchons D desmosomes E.
tank sunction which the Toll wing is RME 2 TR A. The enome consists of all the gene t in
ormation of an orsanism e the proteome consi a the Resteins asiv en ce t ha B. Every cew was a
di erent Ben ene e Every cel was the Same Proteore sam e orge4isms doo L have a Senom
consists all the enorici ma fion an Gisanim, while nhe Proteam e the eins ced has he gene me con
sol all R a Shen
Solution
1. The answer is A. Antiporters.
Antiporters bind two or more ions or molecules and transort them in opposite directions across a
membrane.
2. The answer is: D. Desmosomes.
Desmososmes act as rivets anchoring adjacent cells together at spots throughout the cell.
3. The answer is: A. The genome consists of al the genetic information of an organism, while the
proteome consists of all the proteins a given cell has.
Other statements are false about genome and proteome..
26. On July 1, Telstar Corporation declared a $1.00 per share cash d.pdf
26. On July 1, Telstar Corporation declared a $1.00 per share cash dividend on its common stock
(15,000 shares) for stockholders on record as of July 15. Telstar paid the dividend on July 31.
Journalize the entries declaring the cash dividend and paying the dividend.
Solution
1-Jul Cash dividends 15000 Cash dividends payable 15000 31-Jul Cash dividends
payable 15000 Cash 15000.
write a research paper about happy family novel by Wendy lee ..pdf
write a research paper about happy family novel by Wendy lee .
Solution
Adoption is a beautiful and noble calling. Yet, it is imperfect, with biological parents, their
extended families, and even whole nations left to mourn to loss of that child to some degree or
another. At least, this is one of the points Wendy Lee elegantly and politely makes in Happy
Family.
I truly enjoyed this novel. Lee\'s writing is gentle and fluid. The first-person narration -- Hua is a
young woman recently-immigrated to New York City from a provicial town in China -- captures
the point-of-v.
why is it important to establish patient ownership of healthcare rec.pdf
why is it important to establish patient ownership of healthcare record
Solution
yes it is necessary patients own their medical records the reasons are as follows:
- in case the doctor is not available and the patients consults another doctor then that doctor
needs to know the problems faced by the patient which helps him to know his medical condition
and diagnose him on the basis of his/her medical records.
Which of the following is true about mitotic recombinationA. It o.pdf
Which of the following is true about mitotic recombination?
A. It only occurs early in development.
B. It occurs more frequently in males than in females.
C. It is a common occurrence in cells during mitosis.
D. It can produce portions of tissue with different allele combinations than found in the
surrounding tissue.
Solution
D. It can produce portions of tissue with different allele combinations than found in the
surrounding tissue.... it can lead to expression of recessive traits even though indidual is
heterozygus at a locus THUS CHANGING ALLELE COMBINATION. It generally occurs in
interphase during G1.
Which of the following explains how someone can have the genotype fo.pdf
Which of the following explains how someone can have the genotype for a blood type of AB, but
their blood type appears to be type O?
A. Codominance
B. Incomplete dominance
C. Epistasis
D. Pleiotropy
Solution
The answer is C. Epistasis.
In ineritance. the A and B genes are codominant and the O gene is recessive..
Which intermolecular porcess primarly drives the formation of a bila.pdf
Which intermolecular porcess primarly drives the formation of a bilayer when phospholipids are
added to water? Which intermolecular porcess primarly drives the formation of a bilayer when
phospholipids are added to water?
A-Lipids cause water to arrange in an ordered, unfavorable cage-like structure.
B-Forcing lipids into a bilayer reduces this effect.
C-The ordered arrangement of a bilayer is more favorable than the disordered state of individual
free-floating phospholipids.
D-A bilayer arrangement maximizes the strength of hydrophobic interactions among
phospholipids.
E-Phospholipids self-assemble inot a bilayer due to the strong affinity they have for each other.
Solution
Thanks for your query.
As the lipid bilayer forms the surface of the cell. there is an important point that we have to
understand here., That is the lipid cell is hydrophilic on one end and hydrophobic on the other
end. Therefore, the hydrophobic ends of both cells join in the center of the lipid bilayer and the
hydrophilic ends expose themselves to the outer surface and the inner surface. Since they are
hydrophilic they can easily interact with the fluids they are exposed to unlike the hydrophobic
ends.
Therefore the correct option is D
Thanks.
Which of the following is an example of a translocation a chromosom.pdf
Which of the following is an example of a translocation? a chromosome containing the mutant
sickle cell allele Two chromosomes have experienced breaks at their terminal ends (e.g.,
chromosome 6 and 18), and during the rejoining process, the ends get switched. The end of
chromosome 6 becomes attached to chromosome 15 and vice verse an occurrence of
nondisjunction at meiosis I an occurrence of nondisjunction at meiosis
Solution
Answer: Translocations are chromosomal abnormalities which occur when chromosomes break
and the fragments rejoin to other chromosomes. It is of 2 types which are reciprocal and non-
reciprocal translocation. reciprocal one show normal phenotype as compare to the other one, so
option second is most appropriate example of chromosomal translocation..
What is simplicity and how does it bear on the acceptability of a sc.pdf
What is simplicity and how does it bear on the acceptability of a scientific hypothesis?
Solution
Simplicity - simpler means fewer assumptions. Consider Newtons mechanics and copernican
hypothesis . They both stand as examples of generality and simplicity. Newton with help of
previous general set of laws explained laws of motion for terrestial and heavenly bodies.
Copernicus explained the same observational data with simpler assumptions. The virtues are not
independent and in some cases it overlaps. In some cases generalisation will be simplification.
Simplicity is used for describing philosophical theories . In general if a hypothesis is more
simpler it can be confirmed . In some cases precision overlaps simplicity. The reality is part of
quine pervasive scientific realism. Quine quotes for simplicity. Quine also quotes that different
classes or groups can be clearly dealt only if is in simpler explanatory view and relative
simplicity of the system. Hence a scientific theory should not be generalised but should be in
simplified form..
What’s the difference between soluble and insoluble fiberWhy is f.pdf
What’s the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?
Why is fiber indigestible? After all, isn’t cellulose just a string of glucose
molecules, similar to amylose?
What are some of the benefits of increasing fiber intake?
How does fiber confer these benefits?
What are some of the potential pitfalls of consuming excess fiber?
How does fiber confer these detriments?
What are the general recommendations for fiber intake?
We refer to some of our fibers as prebiotics. What does that term really mean? How does a
prebiotic aid gut health?
Solution
What’s the difference between soluble and insoluble fiber?
ANS: In short soluble fibres dissolve in water and insoluble fibres do not.
Soluble fibre makes our food more viscous when in a digestive tract. Soluble fibre traps food
components thus making them less absorbable. Insoluble fibre absorbs water for example how
dry sponge expands after soaking up water. Insoluble fibres are helpful in treating constipation.
Why is fiber indigestible? After all, isn’t cellulose just a string of glucose molecules, similar to
amylose?
ANS: What makes fibre indigestible is the lack of enzymes in humans to break down the
glycosidic bond in fibre.
What are some of the benefits of increasing fiber intake?
ANS: Benefits of fibre intake include:
gastrointestinal disorders
lowering cholesterol levels
lowering the risk of colon cancer
weight loss
How does fiber confer these benefits?
ANS: fibre has three mechanisms of action, which are bulking, viscosity and fermentation.
Fibres can use all three mechanisms or only one.
Bulking fibres absorb water and increase stool weight and regularity. Bulking fibres can be
minimally fermented or not fermented.
Viscous fibres thicken the content of the intestinal tract . They mix with water and form a
gelatinous mass. Depending on the type of viscous fibre, they are minimally, partially,
completely fermented or not fermented at all.
Fermentable fibres are used as food source for the microbes that exist on our large intestine.
What are some of the potential pitfalls of consuming excess fiber?
ANS: As fibre is not digested, too much fibre causes the digestive tracts to process it slowly, it
can lead to bloating, constipation, abdominal discomfort and gas. If constipation is prolonged, it
can lead to intestinal blockage. during intestinal blockage there can be malabsorption and
accumulations of toxins in the body..
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In a Davis U-tube experiment, you add a different strain of auxotroph.pdf
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write a research paper about happy family novel by Wendy lee ..pdf
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why is it important to establish patient ownership of healthcare rec.pdf
why is it important to establish patient ownership of healthcare rec.pdf
Which of the following is true about mitotic recombinationA. It o.pdf
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List three relationships between DNA methylation and histone meth.pdf
- 1. List three relationships between DNA methylation and histone methylation ? List three relationships between DNA methylation and histone methylation ? Solution The relationship between DNA methylation and histone lysine methylation is especially fascinating as the two seem, by all accounts, to be very interrelated. For instance, there is currently rising confirmation that the alteration state and succession of DNA can influence the methylation states on going with histones in chromatin, while the histone lysine methylation condition of chromatin can thus impact adjustment of the DNA itself. In spite of the fact that histone lysine methylation is moderated among eukaryotes, the advancement of DNA methylation is more intricate. DNA Methylation: DNA methylation includes exchange of a methyl amass from SAM to cytosine. This is finished by catalysts called DNA methyltransferases or DNMTs. There are 4 DNMTs (DNMT1, 2, 3A, 3B). DNMT1 guarantees the methyl stamp is added to the recently orchestrated DNA. DNMT2 methylates tRNA. DNMT3A and 3B are all over again methylases that adjust DNA relying upon the condition of the cell. In physical cells, most methylation more often than not occurs on CpG islands (CG or CXG, where X is some other nucleotide) in the promoter of a quality and this adjustment subdues the statement of the downstream quality. Histone Methylation: Histones are methylated on their lysine or arginine deposits by proteins called Histone MTases (HMT). Contingent upon the buildups, they are delegated KMTs (Lys) or RMTs (Arg). Like DNMTs, HMTs additionally utilize SAM as the methyl contributor. Lysines can be mono-, di-or tri-methylated and at times extraordinary methylation states on a similar buildup can be seen in restricting routes by the cell (For eg. H3K4 me1 is harsh while me2/me3 are indications of dynamic interpretation). Some very much considered lysine deposits that are methylated are K4 (by MLL1) ,K9 (by Suv39h1),K27 (by Ezh2) ,K36 (by Set2) and K79(by DOT1L) on H3 and K20 (by SETD8) on H4. Arginine, then again, can be monomethylated or dimethylated (symmetrically or lopsidedly). Like lysine methylation, arginine methylation advances or curbs translation relying upon the kind of methylation and position of the deposit. A portion of the known deposits are R3 (hilter kilter dimethylation by PRMT1) on H4 and R17 and R26 (lopsided dimethylated via CARM1) on H3.
- 2. There is a rising acknowledgment that DNA and histone lysine methylation in warm blooded animals are profoundly interrelated. • Focusing of DNA methylation is mechanically connected to H3K9 methylation. • Uhrf1 goes about as a connection between H3K9 methylation and upkeep methylation amid DNA replication. • Focusing of Dnmt3a/b is impacted by H3K4 and H3K36 methylation. • Non-methylated DNA at CpG islands impacts histone methylation through ZF-CxxC proteins.