This document lists numerous publications by Dr. Zwinselman Jan Johan related to negative ion field desorption mass spectrometry and other topics. Many of the publications explore using various mass spectrometry techniques like field desorption, field ionization kinetics, and collisionally activated dissociation to study the fragmentation and ionization of organic and inorganic compounds. The publications span from 1979 to 2000 and were published in journals focused on analytical chemistry, mass spectrometry, and related fields.
Assessment of Activity Concentration of The Naturally Occurring Radioactive M...IOSR Journals
The activity concentrations of potassium, Radium and thorium in soil samples from a mining site in yankandutse, Kaduna north western Nigeria were measured using gamma ray spectroscopy method. Activity concentration of potassium, Radium and thorium were determined. The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, respectively in Bq kg-1 in the soil samples ranged as follows: K-40 196.11±2.02 to 553.03±1.08 with average of 382.01, Ra-226 .1506±.03 to 5.67±.03 with average of 2.08 and Th-232 18.13±3.19 to 73.09±1.59 with average activity concentrations of 47.23 .The mean activity concentration of potassium and radium are below average but for thorium the activity concentration is above average.
1) An ion mobility spectrometer is described that uses electrospray ionization and a downstream quadrupole mass spectrometer for detection. This allows for high resolving power separations of up to 200 for favorable cases of singly and multiply charged ions.
2) Initial measurements are reported of gas-phase ion mobility spectra of mass-identified multiply charged ions migrating at atmospheric pressure. These spectra confirm collision cross sections are strongly affected by charge state.
3) Baseline separations of multiply charged cytochrome c and ubiquitin ions demonstrate improved resolving power compared to previous atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometers. Various factors affecting resolving power are discussed.
Accelerated generation of free radicals by iron oxide nanoparticles in the pr...Catherine Oliver
1) Iron oxide nanoparticles are capable of generating reactive oxygen species through Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions when exposed to an alternating magnetic field, which increases the temperature locally around the nanoparticles.
2) The study observed an increase in degradation of methylene blue by magnetite nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and an alternating magnetic field, indicating increased reactive oxygen species generation.
3) The increase in reactive oxygen species generation compared to the predicted temperature-dependent rate showed a decrease with increased nanoparticle concentration and exposure time due to agglomeration, which decreases surface area available for reaction.
Anisotropic Kondo effect
Wael Chibani (email: chibani@fhi-berlin.mpg.de)
Using the numerical renormalization group (NRG), we study the STM tunneling current through a Co atom embedded on an anisotropic lattice and experiencing a magnetic field in both directions, parallel and perpendicular to the anisotropy, as was measured by Otte et al. [1]. We introduce the Kondo-Anderson hybrid model (KAHM) Hamiltonian, by which we describe the system, where we take the spin of the Co atom as being S=3/2, and present the mapping of the self energy representation [2] onto our model. After discussing the easy-axis and easy-plan anisotropy, we demonstrate, that our problem is best described by an easy-axis anisotropy. Moreover, the experimental spectra show a dependence of the splitting of the Kondo resonance at finite magnetic fields on the direction of the magnetic field with respect to the anisotropy, which we will also discuss.
Finally, when comparing our NRG calculated current with the experimentally measured one, we found, that, the Kondo temperature as given in the experiment is too small and thus, we choose an effective temperature to describe the system.
[1] Otte A. F., Ternes. M., von Bergmann K., Loth S., Brune H. Lutz C. P., Hirjibehedin C. F. and Heinrich A. J., Nature Physics, Vol 4, November 2008.
[2] Bulla R., Hewson A. C. and Pruschke T., J.Phys. : Condens. Matter 10, 8365- 8380 (1998).
Magnetic Gold; Structure Dependent Ferromagnetism in Au4VDamon Jackson
A description of the ferromagnetic interactions found in crystallographic Au4V is investigated through high pressure (P<35 GPa) electrical resistivity measurements. The results suggest an intimate connection between crystallographic structure and ferromagnetism for this material.
Formation and annihilation of E4 centers in ZnO - Influence of hydrogen - A. ...Chidanand Bhoodoo
The document discusses the formation and annealing behavior of E4 centers in zinc oxide (ZnO) under the influence of hydrogen implantation. It finds that the concentration of E4 centers, which have an energy level of 0.57 eV below the conduction band, increases linearly with proton and deuterium ion fluence during implantation. Isothermal annealing experiments show that the E4 centers exhibit first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 0.6 eV, and the annealing rate is strongly enhanced by higher hydrogen fluence. A model where interstitial hydrogen enhances the migration and reaction of E4 centers describes the experimental observations well. Based on theoretical predictions and previous work, the document tentatively assigns the E4 center to the oxygen
The E3 center in zinc oxide - Evidence for involvement of hydrogen - A. Hupfe...Chidanand Bhoodoo
This document discusses evidence that hydrogen is involved in the formation of the E3 defect center in zinc oxide (ZnO). Proton implantation into hydrothermally grown ZnO samples was found to significantly increase the concentration of E3 centers, as measured by capacitance-voltage profiling and deep level transient spectroscopy. The concentration of E3 centers increased by over an order of magnitude in samples implanted with protons compared to unimplanted control samples. Implantation with helium ions did not produce a similar increase in E3 centers. This provides strong evidence that hydrogen plays a role in the formation of E3 centers in ZnO.
Assessment of Activity Concentration of The Naturally Occurring Radioactive M...IOSR Journals
The activity concentrations of potassium, Radium and thorium in soil samples from a mining site in yankandutse, Kaduna north western Nigeria were measured using gamma ray spectroscopy method. Activity concentration of potassium, Radium and thorium were determined. The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 232Th, respectively in Bq kg-1 in the soil samples ranged as follows: K-40 196.11±2.02 to 553.03±1.08 with average of 382.01, Ra-226 .1506±.03 to 5.67±.03 with average of 2.08 and Th-232 18.13±3.19 to 73.09±1.59 with average activity concentrations of 47.23 .The mean activity concentration of potassium and radium are below average but for thorium the activity concentration is above average.
1) An ion mobility spectrometer is described that uses electrospray ionization and a downstream quadrupole mass spectrometer for detection. This allows for high resolving power separations of up to 200 for favorable cases of singly and multiply charged ions.
2) Initial measurements are reported of gas-phase ion mobility spectra of mass-identified multiply charged ions migrating at atmospheric pressure. These spectra confirm collision cross sections are strongly affected by charge state.
3) Baseline separations of multiply charged cytochrome c and ubiquitin ions demonstrate improved resolving power compared to previous atmospheric pressure ion mobility spectrometers. Various factors affecting resolving power are discussed.
Accelerated generation of free radicals by iron oxide nanoparticles in the pr...Catherine Oliver
1) Iron oxide nanoparticles are capable of generating reactive oxygen species through Fenton and Haber-Weiss reactions when exposed to an alternating magnetic field, which increases the temperature locally around the nanoparticles.
2) The study observed an increase in degradation of methylene blue by magnetite nanoparticles in the presence of hydrogen peroxide and an alternating magnetic field, indicating increased reactive oxygen species generation.
3) The increase in reactive oxygen species generation compared to the predicted temperature-dependent rate showed a decrease with increased nanoparticle concentration and exposure time due to agglomeration, which decreases surface area available for reaction.
Anisotropic Kondo effect
Wael Chibani (email: chibani@fhi-berlin.mpg.de)
Using the numerical renormalization group (NRG), we study the STM tunneling current through a Co atom embedded on an anisotropic lattice and experiencing a magnetic field in both directions, parallel and perpendicular to the anisotropy, as was measured by Otte et al. [1]. We introduce the Kondo-Anderson hybrid model (KAHM) Hamiltonian, by which we describe the system, where we take the spin of the Co atom as being S=3/2, and present the mapping of the self energy representation [2] onto our model. After discussing the easy-axis and easy-plan anisotropy, we demonstrate, that our problem is best described by an easy-axis anisotropy. Moreover, the experimental spectra show a dependence of the splitting of the Kondo resonance at finite magnetic fields on the direction of the magnetic field with respect to the anisotropy, which we will also discuss.
Finally, when comparing our NRG calculated current with the experimentally measured one, we found, that, the Kondo temperature as given in the experiment is too small and thus, we choose an effective temperature to describe the system.
[1] Otte A. F., Ternes. M., von Bergmann K., Loth S., Brune H. Lutz C. P., Hirjibehedin C. F. and Heinrich A. J., Nature Physics, Vol 4, November 2008.
[2] Bulla R., Hewson A. C. and Pruschke T., J.Phys. : Condens. Matter 10, 8365- 8380 (1998).
Magnetic Gold; Structure Dependent Ferromagnetism in Au4VDamon Jackson
A description of the ferromagnetic interactions found in crystallographic Au4V is investigated through high pressure (P<35 GPa) electrical resistivity measurements. The results suggest an intimate connection between crystallographic structure and ferromagnetism for this material.
Formation and annihilation of E4 centers in ZnO - Influence of hydrogen - A. ...Chidanand Bhoodoo
The document discusses the formation and annealing behavior of E4 centers in zinc oxide (ZnO) under the influence of hydrogen implantation. It finds that the concentration of E4 centers, which have an energy level of 0.57 eV below the conduction band, increases linearly with proton and deuterium ion fluence during implantation. Isothermal annealing experiments show that the E4 centers exhibit first-order kinetics with an activation energy of 0.6 eV, and the annealing rate is strongly enhanced by higher hydrogen fluence. A model where interstitial hydrogen enhances the migration and reaction of E4 centers describes the experimental observations well. Based on theoretical predictions and previous work, the document tentatively assigns the E4 center to the oxygen
The E3 center in zinc oxide - Evidence for involvement of hydrogen - A. Hupfe...Chidanand Bhoodoo
This document discusses evidence that hydrogen is involved in the formation of the E3 defect center in zinc oxide (ZnO). Proton implantation into hydrothermally grown ZnO samples was found to significantly increase the concentration of E3 centers, as measured by capacitance-voltage profiling and deep level transient spectroscopy. The concentration of E3 centers increased by over an order of magnitude in samples implanted with protons compared to unimplanted control samples. Implantation with helium ions did not produce a similar increase in E3 centers. This provides strong evidence that hydrogen plays a role in the formation of E3 centers in ZnO.
This study uses deep Chandra observations to examine the X-ray morphology of the circum-nuclear region of NGC 4151 on spatial scales down to 30 pc. Extended soft X-ray emission is detected out to 1.3 kpc from the nucleus, farther than seen in previous studies. The X-ray emission is more absorbed towards the boundaries of the ionization cone and perpendicular to the bicone, suggesting absorption by a torus. The innermost X-ray emission, coincident with H2 emission and dusty spirals, supports X-ray excitation of molecular gas. The extended X-ray emission may be due to hot gas heated by the AGN outflow or photoionized by past AGN activity.
This document discusses various applications of radioactive isotopes. It begins by introducing radioisotope tracers and why they are ideal for tracking materials through complex processes. Only a small number of radioactive atoms are needed to be detectable. It then discusses specific applications such as medical uses of short-lived isotopes to image organs, using tracers to detect leaks, and radioactive dating methods like carbon-14 dating. The document concludes by mentioning radioisotope thermoelectric generators use radioactive decay to generate electricity and have been used to power spacecraft.
This document defines key terms in radiobiology such as radiation, ionizing radiation, absorbed dose, and radioactivity. It discusses the interactions of radiation with matter including the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. The effects of radiation like direct and indirect effects are covered as well as linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness. Finally, formulas to calculate x-ray exposure are presented.
Rare-earth nitrides such as GdN, SmN, and EuN are intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors that show promise for spintronic applications. Epitaxial thin films of these materials were grown with controlled stoichiometry and doping levels. GdN exhibits ferromagnetism below 70K with carrier-mediated exchange possibly enhancing its Curie temperature above 200K. SmN orders ferromagnetically below 27K despite having a net magnetic moment of zero, while EuN displays unexpected ferromagnetism below 25K likely due to Eu vacancies. Further studies of the electronic band structures and tunable magnetic and transport properties of these rare-earth nitrides could lead to new spintronic and
The document summarizes the results of a study that measured the standard enthalpies of ionization of 21 substituted anilinium ions using calorimetry. It found that both the enthalpies and entropies of ionization correlated well with the Gibbs free energies of ionization. The experimental results were analyzed according to Hepler's theory of substituent effects and compared to predictions of electrostatic theory.
Este documento resume los cambios en las esferas (biosfera, litosfera, atmósfera) que ocurren cuando se construye una ciudad. Explica que antes de la construcción de la ciudad, los ecosistemas se encuentran poco intervenidos y hay una gran biodiversidad, pero la construcción elimina gran parte de la vegetación nativa. También altera la litosfera al perforarla para servicios y remodelar el terreno, y cambia la atmósfera volviéndola más contaminada con ráfagas de viento entre edificios.
A sociedade egípcia era altamente estratificada e hierárquica, com o Faraó no topo como governante divino. Os privilégiados como nobres, sacerdotes e escribas desfrutavam de maior status e riqueza, enquanto os não privilegiados como artesãos e camponeses viviam em condições mais difíceis. A posição de cada um era determinada pelo nascimento, riqueza e função ocupada.
El documento provee recomendaciones para la protección de archivos durante una ola invernal en Colombia. Recomienda actividades de prevención como revisar planes de emergencias, identificar áreas en riesgo de inundación y reubicar archivos, así como mantener inventarios actualizados. También recomienda actividades para atender desastres como retirar documentos secos de áreas inundadas, trasladar documentos mojados a áreas secas para su secado y reportar daños al sistema nacional de archivos.
Este documento presenta las siguientes ideas clave sobre la preparación para servir como lector:
1. La preparación espiritual es esencial, ya que los lectores deben estar preparados espiritualmente para proclamar la Palabra de Dios.
2. Los lectores también deben preparar el texto bíblico que van a proclamar, estudiándolo y practicándolo para entenderlo y comunicarlo efectivamente.
3. Es importante escoger a los lectores de forma cuidadosa, dándole este ministerio a personas comprometidas con su fe
Este documento resume los puntos a favor del uso del chat como medio de comunicación, especialmente entre niños y adolescentes. Señala que el chat permite una comunicación rápida y simultánea entre interlocutores y la creación de comunidades virtuales basadas en intereses comunes. Además, argumenta que el vocabulario no se empobrece con el chat, sino que promueve la construcción de nuevos códigos y formas de expresión escrita. Finalmente, concluye que el chat mantiene las características de una conversación oral a través de la escrit
O documento discute o significado de amizade e como um verdadeiro amigo apoia alguém em diferentes situações da vida, não apenas emprestando coisas materiais, mas também oferecendo apoio emocional, conselhos e companhia.
A formiga trabalhava feliz e produtivamente até que o leão contratou vários supervisores e gerentes que passaram a consumir o tempo da formiga com reuniões e burocracia. No final, a formiga foi demitida por estar desmotivada.
O documento lista os manuais escolares e livros de leitura usados pelo autor no 1o e 2o ano da Escola Preparatória Júlio Dinis, incluindo manuais de Francês, História, Geografia, Português, Ciências da Natureza e um livro de leitura chamado "Gente Ousada".
O texto discute onde a felicidade pode ser encontrada, incluindo momentos inesperados como visitas ou presentes, atividades simples como ouvir música ou ajudar os outros, e a ideia de que a felicidade está dentro de cada um.
Este documento describe los tres procesos clave para lograr una gestión de calidad en las escuelas: autoevaluación, acreditación y evaluación externa. La autoevaluación y acreditación buscan mejorar continuamente la calidad de la educación, mientras que la evaluación externa monitorea el progreso. Juntos, estos procesos ayudan a desarrollar al máximo las capacidades de toda la comunidad escolar para lograr la excelencia educativa.
La trova es un canto popular que se encuentra en muchas regiones y refleja las injusticias sociales de cada país. Sus principales exponentes son Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés, Mercedes Sosa y Joaquín Sabina. La música trova nace del pueblo para buscar un cambio en los gobernantes y difundir el idioma universal de la música para todos. Cada año surgen nuevos trovadores que continuarán haciendo historia con su música.
O documento descreve o serviço Foursquare, uma rede social baseada em geolocalização que permite aos usuários indicar sua localização e compartilhar informações sobre lugares visitados. Ele explica como o Foursquare funciona, como empresas usam a plataforma para promoções e como o governo chinês bloqueou o acesso devido a protestos na praça da Paz Celestial.
O documento fornece um guia sobre como usar as principais funcionalidades da rede social profissional LinkedIn. Em três frases ou menos, o documento explica como criar uma conta gratuita, editar o perfil com informações profissionais e acadêmicas, adicionar contatos e participar de grupos.
1) O documento discute como Paulo encontrou contentamento em Deus, mesmo em meio a crises, e como isso pode ser aplicado a famílias que passam por situações difíceis. 2) É ensinado que o contentamento que as famílias precisam para se satisfazer só pode ser encontrado em Deus e não em murmurações. 3) Ter consciência da própria impotência leva a descobrir o poder de Deus para lidar com as crises familiares.
Este documento apresenta a programação de espetáculos teatrais que ocorrerão entre os dias 12 a 27 de outubro de 2013 em Caruaru, Pernambuco. A programação inclui dezenas de apresentações de companhias e grupos teatrais de várias cidades de Pernambuco nos teatros João Lyra Filho, Rui Limeira Rosal e Lício Neves em Caruaru. Além disso, inclui oficinas, avaliação de espetáculos estudantis e premiação.
O documento descreve um projeto pedagógico para ensinar Geografia e História no 7o ano do ensino fundamental utilizando rádio e TV. O projeto envolve dividir os alunos em grupos para pesquisarem e apresentarem como o espaço geográfico da cidade foi construído e modificado ao longo do tempo através de fotos, entrevistas e vídeos.
This study uses deep Chandra observations to examine the X-ray morphology of the circum-nuclear region of NGC 4151 on spatial scales down to 30 pc. Extended soft X-ray emission is detected out to 1.3 kpc from the nucleus, farther than seen in previous studies. The X-ray emission is more absorbed towards the boundaries of the ionization cone and perpendicular to the bicone, suggesting absorption by a torus. The innermost X-ray emission, coincident with H2 emission and dusty spirals, supports X-ray excitation of molecular gas. The extended X-ray emission may be due to hot gas heated by the AGN outflow or photoionized by past AGN activity.
This document discusses various applications of radioactive isotopes. It begins by introducing radioisotope tracers and why they are ideal for tracking materials through complex processes. Only a small number of radioactive atoms are needed to be detectable. It then discusses specific applications such as medical uses of short-lived isotopes to image organs, using tracers to detect leaks, and radioactive dating methods like carbon-14 dating. The document concludes by mentioning radioisotope thermoelectric generators use radioactive decay to generate electricity and have been used to power spacecraft.
This document defines key terms in radiobiology such as radiation, ionizing radiation, absorbed dose, and radioactivity. It discusses the interactions of radiation with matter including the photoelectric effect and Compton scattering. The effects of radiation like direct and indirect effects are covered as well as linear energy transfer and relative biological effectiveness. Finally, formulas to calculate x-ray exposure are presented.
Rare-earth nitrides such as GdN, SmN, and EuN are intrinsic ferromagnetic semiconductors that show promise for spintronic applications. Epitaxial thin films of these materials were grown with controlled stoichiometry and doping levels. GdN exhibits ferromagnetism below 70K with carrier-mediated exchange possibly enhancing its Curie temperature above 200K. SmN orders ferromagnetically below 27K despite having a net magnetic moment of zero, while EuN displays unexpected ferromagnetism below 25K likely due to Eu vacancies. Further studies of the electronic band structures and tunable magnetic and transport properties of these rare-earth nitrides could lead to new spintronic and
The document summarizes the results of a study that measured the standard enthalpies of ionization of 21 substituted anilinium ions using calorimetry. It found that both the enthalpies and entropies of ionization correlated well with the Gibbs free energies of ionization. The experimental results were analyzed according to Hepler's theory of substituent effects and compared to predictions of electrostatic theory.
Este documento resume los cambios en las esferas (biosfera, litosfera, atmósfera) que ocurren cuando se construye una ciudad. Explica que antes de la construcción de la ciudad, los ecosistemas se encuentran poco intervenidos y hay una gran biodiversidad, pero la construcción elimina gran parte de la vegetación nativa. También altera la litosfera al perforarla para servicios y remodelar el terreno, y cambia la atmósfera volviéndola más contaminada con ráfagas de viento entre edificios.
A sociedade egípcia era altamente estratificada e hierárquica, com o Faraó no topo como governante divino. Os privilégiados como nobres, sacerdotes e escribas desfrutavam de maior status e riqueza, enquanto os não privilegiados como artesãos e camponeses viviam em condições mais difíceis. A posição de cada um era determinada pelo nascimento, riqueza e função ocupada.
El documento provee recomendaciones para la protección de archivos durante una ola invernal en Colombia. Recomienda actividades de prevención como revisar planes de emergencias, identificar áreas en riesgo de inundación y reubicar archivos, así como mantener inventarios actualizados. También recomienda actividades para atender desastres como retirar documentos secos de áreas inundadas, trasladar documentos mojados a áreas secas para su secado y reportar daños al sistema nacional de archivos.
Este documento presenta las siguientes ideas clave sobre la preparación para servir como lector:
1. La preparación espiritual es esencial, ya que los lectores deben estar preparados espiritualmente para proclamar la Palabra de Dios.
2. Los lectores también deben preparar el texto bíblico que van a proclamar, estudiándolo y practicándolo para entenderlo y comunicarlo efectivamente.
3. Es importante escoger a los lectores de forma cuidadosa, dándole este ministerio a personas comprometidas con su fe
Este documento resume los puntos a favor del uso del chat como medio de comunicación, especialmente entre niños y adolescentes. Señala que el chat permite una comunicación rápida y simultánea entre interlocutores y la creación de comunidades virtuales basadas en intereses comunes. Además, argumenta que el vocabulario no se empobrece con el chat, sino que promueve la construcción de nuevos códigos y formas de expresión escrita. Finalmente, concluye que el chat mantiene las características de una conversación oral a través de la escrit
O documento discute o significado de amizade e como um verdadeiro amigo apoia alguém em diferentes situações da vida, não apenas emprestando coisas materiais, mas também oferecendo apoio emocional, conselhos e companhia.
A formiga trabalhava feliz e produtivamente até que o leão contratou vários supervisores e gerentes que passaram a consumir o tempo da formiga com reuniões e burocracia. No final, a formiga foi demitida por estar desmotivada.
O documento lista os manuais escolares e livros de leitura usados pelo autor no 1o e 2o ano da Escola Preparatória Júlio Dinis, incluindo manuais de Francês, História, Geografia, Português, Ciências da Natureza e um livro de leitura chamado "Gente Ousada".
O texto discute onde a felicidade pode ser encontrada, incluindo momentos inesperados como visitas ou presentes, atividades simples como ouvir música ou ajudar os outros, e a ideia de que a felicidade está dentro de cada um.
Este documento describe los tres procesos clave para lograr una gestión de calidad en las escuelas: autoevaluación, acreditación y evaluación externa. La autoevaluación y acreditación buscan mejorar continuamente la calidad de la educación, mientras que la evaluación externa monitorea el progreso. Juntos, estos procesos ayudan a desarrollar al máximo las capacidades de toda la comunidad escolar para lograr la excelencia educativa.
La trova es un canto popular que se encuentra en muchas regiones y refleja las injusticias sociales de cada país. Sus principales exponentes son Silvio Rodríguez, Pablo Milanés, Mercedes Sosa y Joaquín Sabina. La música trova nace del pueblo para buscar un cambio en los gobernantes y difundir el idioma universal de la música para todos. Cada año surgen nuevos trovadores que continuarán haciendo historia con su música.
O documento descreve o serviço Foursquare, uma rede social baseada em geolocalização que permite aos usuários indicar sua localização e compartilhar informações sobre lugares visitados. Ele explica como o Foursquare funciona, como empresas usam a plataforma para promoções e como o governo chinês bloqueou o acesso devido a protestos na praça da Paz Celestial.
O documento fornece um guia sobre como usar as principais funcionalidades da rede social profissional LinkedIn. Em três frases ou menos, o documento explica como criar uma conta gratuita, editar o perfil com informações profissionais e acadêmicas, adicionar contatos e participar de grupos.
1) O documento discute como Paulo encontrou contentamento em Deus, mesmo em meio a crises, e como isso pode ser aplicado a famílias que passam por situações difíceis. 2) É ensinado que o contentamento que as famílias precisam para se satisfazer só pode ser encontrado em Deus e não em murmurações. 3) Ter consciência da própria impotência leva a descobrir o poder de Deus para lidar com as crises familiares.
Este documento apresenta a programação de espetáculos teatrais que ocorrerão entre os dias 12 a 27 de outubro de 2013 em Caruaru, Pernambuco. A programação inclui dezenas de apresentações de companhias e grupos teatrais de várias cidades de Pernambuco nos teatros João Lyra Filho, Rui Limeira Rosal e Lício Neves em Caruaru. Além disso, inclui oficinas, avaliação de espetáculos estudantis e premiação.
O documento descreve um projeto pedagógico para ensinar Geografia e História no 7o ano do ensino fundamental utilizando rádio e TV. O projeto envolve dividir os alunos em grupos para pesquisarem e apresentarem como o espaço geográfico da cidade foi construído e modificado ao longo do tempo através de fotos, entrevistas e vídeos.
Este documento presenta la Ley 594 de 2000, también conocida como la Ley General de Archivos en Colombia. En 3 oraciones:
1) Establece las reglas y principios generales que regulan la función archivística del Estado colombiano y de entidades privadas que cumplen funciones públicas.
2) Crea el Sistema Nacional de Archivos de Colombia y define la estructura, funciones y responsabilidades de los archivos a nivel nacional, departamental, municipal y de las diferentes ramas del gobierno.
3) Determina las obligaciones de las entidades públicas en
El documento describe dos formas en que se han configurado las ciudades a lo largo de la historia. Una forma es organizando la ciudad alrededor de espacios públicos como el Ágora y el teatro, como se hacía en las polis griegas. Otra forma es cuando reinos e imperios construyeron redes de ciudades para expandir y fortalecer sus dominios, como hicieron el Imperio Romano y los conquistadores europeos en América.
O documento discute vários tipos de drogas ilícitas, seus efeitos no corpo e consequências do uso. As drogas são classificadas em depressoras, estimulantes e perturbadoras e causam dependência física ou psicológica. Breve histórico mostra uso de drogas desde tempos antigos para fins medicinais, religiosos e recreativos. Detalha efeitos e riscos de álcool, nicotina, maconha, cocaína, heroína, LSD, ecstasy e outras.
Este documento presenta los conceptos e importancia de los proyectos de inversión. Explica que un proyecto es un conjunto de actividades coordinadas para cumplir un objetivo específico. Los proyectos surgen de la necesidad de resolver problemas o aprovechar oportunidades. Se componen generalmente de cuatro estudios: mercado, técnico, financiero y organizacional. Los proyectos se pueden clasificar por el tipo de bienes o servicios que generan, por sector o por su evolución privada o pública. Siguen etapas como identificación, factibilidad
Lattice Energy LLC- Electroweak Neutron Production and Capture During Lightni...Lewis Larsen
Abstract. Electroweak production of low-energy neutrons in terrestrial lightning discharges was predicted by the Widom-Larsen theory of low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs) and recently confirmed by new Russian data. Contrary to longstanding belief, this data implies that neutron-capture-driven, non-stellar nucleosynthetic processes have likely been occurring in the environs of earth since it condensed as a planetary body ~4.5 billion years ago. Moreover, some researchers have recently suggested that lightning was significantly involved in dust processing during the era of the presolar nebula; if true, this would push non-stellar nucleosynthesis within the solar system even further back in time. Altogether, present thinking about types of nuclear processes affecting the chemical evolution of the earth and solar system may require revision.
ASSESMENT OF FAULT ACTIVITY a mineralogical perspective_RadwanOmar Radwan
This document outlines a term paper on assessing fault activity from a mineralogical perspective. It discusses electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) dating of faults. EPR dating measures radiation-induced paramagnetic centers in minerals to determine the accumulated radiation dose over time. This can date fault movements by dating minerals crushed during faulting or precipitated in fault zones. The document presents a case study of the Eupchon Fault in South Korea, where EPR dating of fault rocks indicates reactivation approximately 2000, 1300, 900-1100, 700-800, and 500-600 thousand years ago, showing it is potentially active with seismic hazards.
The document discusses the development of charge exchange injection and production of circulating proton beams with intensities greater than the space charge limit. It summarizes early work at Novosibirsk INP in the 1960s-1970s on accumulating proton beams using charge exchange injection up to the space charge limit. It also describes observations of the electron-proton instability in coasting beams and methods for damping instabilities. Later work was able to produce proton beams with intensities up to 9 times above the space charge limit through compensation of the beam space charge by secondary electrons. Diagnostics such as residual gas ionization monitors were important for characterizing the circulating beams.
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency pulses to analyze atomic nuclei and determine molecular structures. NMR works by aligning atomic nuclei in an external magnetic field and measuring their signals as they relax back to equilibrium. The signals provide information on chemical shifts, spin-spin couplings, and molecular relaxation times that can be used to elucidate molecular structures. Modern NMR techniques including Fourier transforms, multidimensional experiments, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have significantly advanced structural analysis and medical applications of NMR spectroscopy.
This document summarizes research on amphiphiles and Langmuir monolayers. It discusses how amphiphiles are composed of a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail. When spread on water, amphiphiles form Langmuir monolayers where the heads interact with water and tails with air. Pressure-area isotherms of these monolayers show phase transitions as pressure increases. Adding metal ions to the water subphase can induce superlattice formation underneath the monolayer. Studies using x-ray diffraction and other techniques characterized the structures of various Langmuir monolayers and how they change with conditions like subphase pH and metal ion type.
Internal conference developed at Institut des Matériaux Jean Rouxel in Nantes (France). Papers included: Bogaerts 1997, Patterson 1999, Bogaerts 2000, Nishikawa 2000, Jackson 2001, Ohta 2002, Jackson 2003, Iordanova 2007, Lotito 2011, Schmidt 2012.
Larsen L-ANS Winter Meeting San Diego CA - 0415-0417 - Nov 2012Lewis Larsen
This paper is part of the panel session "Discussion of
Low-Energy Nuclear Reactions." Enabled by many-body,
collective effects and appropriate forms of required input
energy (e.g., electric currents and/or organized magnetic
fields with tubular geometries can be used to produce
an electroweak reaction: e + p --> n + ν ), LENRs involve elemental nucleosynthetic
transmutation reactions very much like stars, only at
vastly lower temperatures and pressures that are found in
laboratory apparatus such as electrolytic chemical cells
and many natural processes such as lightning discharges.
Magnon crystallization in kagomé antiferromagnetsRyutaro Okuma
This document summarizes research on magnon crystallization in kagomé antiferromagnets. Key points include:
1) Observation of a series of magnetization plateaus up to 160 T in CdK and a 1/3 magnetization plateau over 150 T in herbertsmithite.
2) Theoretical calculation showing hexagonal magnon localization and crystallization phases with different magnetization values as the field is increased.
3) Experimental studies of the S=1/2 kagomé magnets volborthite, herbertsmithite, and Cd-kapellasite using ultra-high magnetic fields up to 200 T to observe magnon crystallization phenomena.
1. Mass spectrometry has evolved significantly since its origins in the late 19th century with J.J. Thomson's discovery of isotopes and recording of the first mass spectra.
2. Francis Aston improved on Thomson's work by introducing focusing which allowed for more accurate mass measurements and identification of isotopes.
3. Over the 20th century, developments including improved ion sources, analyzers like magnetic sectors and quadrupoles, and applications to fields like biology and chemistry have led to mass spectrometry becoming a widely used analytical technique across many disciplines.
This document summarizes a review article on exchange bias in ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic systems. Exchange bias is a phenomenon where cooling a system through the Neel temperature of an antiferromagnet in the presence of a ferromagnet induces an anisotropy (exchange bias) in the ferromagnet. The key findings of the review are:
1. Exchange bias was first discovered in 1956 when studying cobalt particles embedded in cobalt oxide.
2. It has since been observed in small particles, inhomogeneous materials, ferromagnetic films on antiferromagnetic single crystals, and thin films.
3. Various theoretical models have been proposed to explain exchange bias based on interface coupling, anisotropies, and domain formation.
This document discusses novel scintillator materials based on metal organic frameworks (MOFs) for radiation detection applications. MOFs offer advantages over existing scintillators like liquid organics by being non-toxic and non-flammable solids. The document describes the synthesis and characterization of stilbene-based MOF scintillators with different structures exhibiting variable fluorescence lifetimes and ion beam induced luminescence spectra. Preliminary results on one MOF's light yield, timing properties, and particle discrimination capabilities are comparable to commercial scintillators. Further studies of exciton transport mechanisms in MOF scintillators could provide insights to improve detection performance.
This document summarizes a study that investigated the local electronic structure of lithium-doped zinc oxide (ZnO:Li) thin films using X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The researchers found that lithium ions substituted for zinc sites in the wurtzite crystal structure without forming secondary phases, as evidenced by X-ray diffraction. Electrical measurements showed the films became p-type conductive with lithium doping levels between 1-5% atomic concentration. Analysis of X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy data revealed lithium doping decreased both the zinc-oxygen and zinc-zinc bonding lengths, consistent with lithium incorporation into the ZnO lattice.
This document provides information about mass spectrometry including definitions, principles, components, and methods of ionization. It defines mass spectrometry as a technique that ionizes chemical species and sorts them by mass-to-charge ratio. The key components of a mass spectrometer are described as the inlet system, ion source, mass analyzer, and detector. Common ionization methods like MALDI and electrospray ionization are explained in terms of how they work to ionize samples for analysis.
Nuclear chemistry deals with radioactive processes and nuclear properties. It includes the study of radioactive sources and their applications. Nuclear chemistry examines the nucleus, nuclear changes, particles within the nucleus, and radiation emission or absorption. Radioactive decay occurs naturally in heavy elements and can be artificially induced by bombarding stable nuclei with particles. There are several types of radioactive emissions including alpha, beta, gamma rays, and positron decay. Nuclear chemistry has many applications in medicine such as cancer treatment, sterilization, and tracing blood flow. It is also used in agriculture to improve crops and control pests.
radioactivity is the act of emitting radiation spontaneously. This is done by an atomic nucleus that, for some reason, is unstable; it "wants" to give up some energy in order to shift to a more stable configuration.
1. The document outlines research on organic spintronics conducted by Zeev Valy Vardeny and collaborators at the University of Utah.
2. A key finding was the first demonstration of an organic spin valve using ferromagnetic La0.7Sr0.3MnO3 and Co electrodes separated by the organic semiconductor Alq3, which showed a giant magnetoresistance of over 12%.
3. The research aims to exploit unique properties of organic semiconductors like weak spin-orbit coupling and long spin relaxation times for applications in spin injection and detection.
The document summarizes the research of Zeev Valy Vardeny and his collaborators on organic spintronics at the University of Utah. Some of their key findings include:
1) Demonstrating the first organic spin-valve device using LSMO/Alq3/Co layers, which showed a giant magnetoresistance of over 12%.
2) Studying spin dynamics and relaxation processes in organic semiconductors using spin-valve and Hanle effect measurements.
3) Exploring new device concepts like organic spin light-emitting diodes by injecting spin-polarized carriers into organic layers.
This document discusses radioactivity and radiopharmaceuticals used in nuclear medicine for diagnosis and treatment. It defines isotopes, radioactive isotopes, and radioactivity. The major types of radioactive decay are described, including alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, and electron capture. The properties and effects of each type of radiation are summarized. The kinetics of radioactive decay are explained using decay constant and half-life. Radiation dosimetry is introduced as the calculation of radiation dose exposed to and absorbed by objects.
This document discusses Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and its applications. It summarizes the key discoveries and researchers in the development of NMR, including Purcell, Torrey, Pound, Bloch, Hansen and Packard's independent discoveries of NMR in 1945. It describes the basic principles of NMR, including how atomic nuclei absorb and emit radio frequencies in magnetic fields. The document outlines the uses of NMR in chemistry, biology and medicine, particularly for determining molecular structures and in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
1. List of Literature
Dr. Zwinselman Jan Johan
Negative ion field desorption mass spectrometry of anionic surfactants
Die Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie negativer Ionen wurde zur direkten Mischungsanalyse von
Detergentien, die anionaktive Tenside enthalten, angewendet. Die Massenspektren zeigen eine hohe Selektivität
der Methode für den Nachweis
P. Daehling, F. W. Roellgen, J. J. Zwinselman , R. H. Fokkens, and N. M. M. Nibbering,
Publication Date: 1982
Publication Name: Fresenius Journal of Analytical Chemistry
Glass Mat Reinforced Polyurethane Foams for Production of Liners
Zwinselman,J.J.; Tribelhorn,U.
Publication Date: 1989
Publication Name: Journal of Cellular Plastics
Anionization of volatile molecules on the surface of electrolytic solutions exposed
to high electric fields
The anionization of molecules supplied from the gas phase onto a negatively charged [Cl]− or [NO3]− ion
donating surface has been investigated. The charged surface was prepared by exposing an aqueous solution of
LiCl (or LiNO3).
Ott, K. H.; Röllgen, F. W.; Dähling, P.; Zwinselman, J. J.; Fokkens, R. H.; Nibbering, N. M. M.
Publication Date: 1981
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Negative Ion Field Desorption Mass Spectrometry (NFD-MS) of Salts
Karl H. Ott, Franz W. Röllgen, Jan J. Zwinselman, Roel H. Fokkens, Nico M. M. Nibbering
Publication Date: 1981
Publication Name: Angewandte Chemie-international Edition
Detection of fluoroborate anion in water at ppb levels using negative ion field
desorption mass spectrometry
A method is described for the determination of fluoroborate anion in water using field desorption mass
spectrometry in the negative ion mode. The fluoroborate anion can be determined at concentrations as low as 4
ppb ;
J. Van der Greef1, M. C. Ten Noever de Brauw1, J. J. Zwinselman2 andN. M. M. Nibbering2
Publication Date: 1982
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Polyurethane Foams for Sound and Vibration Dampening in Automotive
Applications
Zwinselman,J.J.; Bachmann,W.D.
Publication Date: 1988
Publication Name: Journal of Cellular Plastics
2. Negative ion field desorption mass spectra of some inorganic and organic
compounds
Field desorption of negative ions can be achieved below the threshold of field electron emission. To this end a
mixture of the sample with polyethylene oxide and water was applied to smooth wire cathodes. The mass
spectra of some
K. H. Ott1, F. W. Röllgen1,*, J. J. Zwinselman2, R. H. Fokkens2 and N. M. M. Nibbering2,*
Publication Date: 1980
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Unimolecular dissociations at short times. A comparison of angle-resolved mass
spectrometry and field ionization kinetics
D. J. Burinsky , G. L. Glish , R. G. Cooks , J. J. Zwinselman , N. M. M. Nibbering
Publication Date: 1981
Publication Name: Journal of The American Chemical Society
Negative ion field desorption mass spectrometry by clustering with anions
It is shown that under field desorption conditions some less volatile or non-volatile compounds such as
oligosaccharides, sulphonic acids and fatty acids can be ionized below the threshold of field electron emission by
clustering
J. J. Zwinselman1, R. H. Fokkens1, N. M. M. Nibbering1,*, K. H. Ott2 and F. W. Röllgen2,*
Publication Date: 1981
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Ionization by proton abstraction in negative ion field desorption mass
spectrometry
J.J. Zwinselman; J. Van der Greef; N-M-M- Nibbering
Publication Date: 1983
Publication Name: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics
The crystal and molecular structures of 1-( P -bromophenyl)-5-bromopyridazine-
3,6-dione and 1-( p -bromophenyl)-4-diethylaminopyridazine-3,6-dione
The structure of 1-(p-bromophenyI)-5-bromopyridazine-3,6-dione was unequivocally established by means of an
X-ray crystal structure determination. By the same means its reaction product with diethylamine was proved to
be
C. Stam, J. J. Zwinselman, H. C. Van Der Ptas, S. Baloniak
Publication Date: 1979
Publication Name: Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry
A field ionization kinetics and metastable ion study of the fragmentation of some
pentenols
K. R. Laderoute, J. J. Zwinselman and A. G. Harrison
Publication Date: 1981
Publication Name: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics
Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie negativer Ionen (NFD-MS) von Salzen
Karl H. Ott, Franz W. Röllgen, Jan J. Zwinselman, Roel H. Fokkens, Nico M. M. Nibbering
Publication Date: 2006
3. Publication Name: Angewandte Chemie
A 15N labelling, FD and FAB study of ammonia loss from protonated arginine
molecules
The positive ion field desorption (FD) spectrum of arginine taken at the best anode temperature only contains a
peak due to [M+H]+ ions. At higher emitter temperatures a considerable amount of fragmentation is induced and
the [M+HNH3]+
Ten Noever de Brauw M.C.; Zwinselman J.J.; Nibbering N.M.M..
Publication Date: 1983
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
A field ionization kinetic study of the methyl and ethylene elimination from
ionised n-butanoic acid
Zwinselman, J.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Hudson, C.E.
Publication Date: 1983
Publication Name: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics
Characterization of five [C4H7O]+ Ion structures. Fragmentation of the 2-
pentanone molecular ion
The [C4H70]+ ions [CH2CHC(OH)CH3]+ (1), [CH3CHCHC(OH)H]+ (2), [CH2C(CH3)C(OH)H]+ (3),
[Ch3CH2CH2CO]+ (4) and [(CH3)2CHCO]+ (5) have been characterized by their collision-induced dissociation
(CID) mass spectra and charge stripping mass
K. R. Laderoute, J. J. Zwinselman and A. G. Harrison
Publication Date: 1985
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
A field ionization and collisionally activated dissociation/charge stripping study
of some [C9H10]+˙ ions
The extent of isomerization of [C9H10]+˙ ions, with lifetimes of approximately 10−11 and 10−6 s has been
investigated using field ionization, collisionally activated dissociation and charge stripping techniques. The
[C9H10]+˙ ions which.
Lay, J. O.; Gross, M. L.; Zwinselman, J. J.; [et al.]
Publication Date: 1983
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
A comparison of charge-exchange, energy-resolved and angle-resolved mass
spectrometric methods for studying the energy dependence of ionic fragmentation
reactions
Zwinselman, J.J.; Nacson, S.; Harrison, A.G.
Publication Date: 1985
Publication Name: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes
A fast atom bombardment study of methionine in combination with deuterium
labelling
The mechanism of ion formation from methiomine under fast atom bombardment conditions shows similarities
with those reported in secondary ion, laser desorption and field desorption mass spectrometry. Deuterium
labelling has indicated that.
van der Greef, J.; de Brauw, M. C. Ten Noever; Zwinselman, J. J.; [et al.]
4. Publication Date: 1982 Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
An energy-resolved study of the fragmentation of ionized 1-Penten-3-ol
A detailed energy-resolved study of the fragmentation of CH2CHCH(OH)CD2CD3 (1-d5) has been carried out
using metastable ion studies and charge exchange techniques, combined with collision-induced dissociation
studies to establish the.
J. J. Zwinselman; N.M.M. Nibbering
Publication Date: 1984
Publication Name: Journal of Mass Spectrometry
Carbocation-like isomerisations at radical sites precede methyl losses from ionised
butanoic acid
J.J. Zwinselman; N.M.M. Nibbering
Publication Date: 1985
Publication Name: Journal of The Chemical Society-perkin Transactions 2
A friction coefficient of 0.05 in aqueous systems
Low friction coefficients, i.e., below 0.10, in mineral oil based lubricants have been traditionally obtained using
glycerol mono oleate, molybdenum dithiocarbamate or molybdenum dithiophosphate. In aqueous systems this is
more difficult.
J.J. Zwinselman
Publication Date: 2000
Publication Name: Journal of Synthetic Lubrication
An energy-resolved study of the fragmentation of ionized 3-penten-2-ol. A
comparison of charge exchange, field ionization kinetics and angle-resolved mass
spectrometry
J. Van der Greef, J.J. Zwinselman; N.M.M. Nibbering
Publication Date: 1984
Publication Name: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes
High resolution SIMS with ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometer
Plesko, S.; Zwinselman, J.J.; Allemann, M.; Kellerhals, H.P. (Spectrospin A.G., Zurich (Switzerland))
Publication Date: 1985
Felddesorptions-Massenspektrometrie negativer Ionen zur Analyse von
anionischen Tensiden
J. J. Zwinselman; R. H. Fokkens; N. M. M. Nibbering
Publication Date: 1985
Angle-resolved neutralization-reionization mass spectrometry
J.J. Zwinselman, S. Nacson, A.G. Harrison
Publication Date: 1985
5. Sulfur–nitrogen chains: rational and irrational behaviour
R. Meij, D. J. Stufkins, K. Vrieze, A. M. F. Brouwers, J. D. Schagen, J. J. Zwinselman
J. D. Woollins, Non-Metal Rings, Cages and Clusters, Wiley, 1988.
Publication Date: 1988
Some Field Ionization kinetic and negative ion field desorption mass spectrometry
Studies
J.J. Zwinselman
Thesis
Publication Date: 1983
A field ionization kinetics and metastable ion study of the fragmentation of some
pentenols
Zwinselman, J.J.; Nibbering, N.M.M.; Middlemiss, N.E.; [et al.]
Amsterdam : Elsevier
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics 38 (1981), S. 163-179
Publication Date: 1981
Cumulated double bond systems as ligands
Meij, R.; Stufkens, D.J.; Vrieze, K.; Brouwers, A.M.F.; Schagen, J.D.; Zwinselman, J.J.; Overbeek, A.R.;Stam, C.H.
Amsterdam : Elsevier
Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 170 (1979), S. 337-354
Publication Date: 1979
An energy-resolved study of the fragmentation of ionized 3-penten-2-ol. A
comparison of charge exchange, field ionization kinetics and angle-resolved mass
spectrometry
Zwinselman, J.J.; Harrison, A.G.
Amsterdam : Elsevier
International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes 62 (1984), S. 187-198
Publication Date: 1984
Tandem Mass Spectrometry (F.W. McLafferty)
Ionic Reaction Mechanism from Tandem Mass Spectrometry
J.J. Zwinselman, N.M.M. Nibeering; B. Ciomer; H. Schwarz
John Wiley & Sons; page 67
Publication Date: 1984
A field ionization kinetic study of the methyl and ethylene elimination from
ionised n-butanoic acid
J. J. Zwinselman, N. M. M. Nibbering, C. E. Hudson, D. J. McAdoo
Journal: International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Physics , vol. 47, pp. 129-132, 1983
Publication Date: 1983