This document provides an overview of linked data and semantic applications for libraries. It discusses the key concepts of linked data including URIs, RDF, ontologies and the semantic web. It then outlines some of the core technologies that enable linked data such as XML, RDF, RDF Schema and OWL. The document also reviews current trends and implementations of linked data including projects from DBPedia, BBC, Google and OCLC. Finally, it discusses why linked data is important for libraries by allowing library resources to be more discoverable on the web and enabling new applications using library metadata.
"Are You Afraid of the Semantic Web" by Sabin Corneliu Buraga @ eLiberatica 2007eLiberatica
This is a presentation held at eLiberatica 2007.
http://www.eliberatica.ro/2007/
One of the biggest events of its kind in Eastern Europe, eLiberatica brings community leaders from around the world to discuss about the hottest topics in FLOSS movement, demonstrating the advantages of adopting, using and developing Open Source and Free Software solutions.
The eLiberatica organizational committee together with our speakers and guests, have graciously allowed media representatives and all attendees to photograph, videotape and otherwise record their sessions, on the condition that the photos, videos and recordings are licensed under the Creative Commons Share-Alike 3.0 License.
Web Archives and the dream of the Personal Search EngineArjen de Vries
Keynote at the 4th Alexandria Workshop organised by Avishek Anand and Wolfgang Nejdl, L3S, Hannover (Germany). I argue that Web Archives should act as a pivot while revisiting the idea of decentralised search.
See also http://alexandria-project.eu/events/4th-int-alexandria-workshop-19-20-october-2017/
Lecture on Information Retrieval and Social Media, given to PhD students in the User-Centred Social Media Summer School, in Duisburg, September 19, 2017.
See also https://www.ucsm.info/events/118-new-frontiers-in-social-media-research-%E2%80%93-international-summer-school-2018
Web of Data as a Solution for Interoperability. Case StudiesSabin Buraga
The paper draws several considerations regarding the use of Web of Data (Semantic Web) technologies – such as metadata vocabularies and ontological constructs – to increase the degree of interoperability within distributed systems. A number of case studies are presenting to express the knowledge in a
platform- and programming language-independent manner.
"Are You Afraid of the Semantic Web" by Sabin Corneliu Buraga @ eLiberatica 2007eLiberatica
This is a presentation held at eLiberatica 2007.
http://www.eliberatica.ro/2007/
One of the biggest events of its kind in Eastern Europe, eLiberatica brings community leaders from around the world to discuss about the hottest topics in FLOSS movement, demonstrating the advantages of adopting, using and developing Open Source and Free Software solutions.
The eLiberatica organizational committee together with our speakers and guests, have graciously allowed media representatives and all attendees to photograph, videotape and otherwise record their sessions, on the condition that the photos, videos and recordings are licensed under the Creative Commons Share-Alike 3.0 License.
Web Archives and the dream of the Personal Search EngineArjen de Vries
Keynote at the 4th Alexandria Workshop organised by Avishek Anand and Wolfgang Nejdl, L3S, Hannover (Germany). I argue that Web Archives should act as a pivot while revisiting the idea of decentralised search.
See also http://alexandria-project.eu/events/4th-int-alexandria-workshop-19-20-october-2017/
Lecture on Information Retrieval and Social Media, given to PhD students in the User-Centred Social Media Summer School, in Duisburg, September 19, 2017.
See also https://www.ucsm.info/events/118-new-frontiers-in-social-media-research-%E2%80%93-international-summer-school-2018
Web of Data as a Solution for Interoperability. Case StudiesSabin Buraga
The paper draws several considerations regarding the use of Web of Data (Semantic Web) technologies – such as metadata vocabularies and ontological constructs – to increase the degree of interoperability within distributed systems. A number of case studies are presenting to express the knowledge in a
platform- and programming language-independent manner.
How is the Semantic Web vision unfolding and what does it take for the Web to fully reach its potential and evolve from a Web of Documents to a Web of Data through universal data representation standards.
Data mining refers to the process of analysing the data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information.
Data mining software is one of the number of tools used for analysing data. It allows users to analyse from many different dimensions and angles, categorize it, and summarize the relationship identified.
Data mining is about technique for finding and describing Structural Patterns in data.
Data mining is the process of finding correlation or patterns among fields in large relational databases.
The process of extracting valid, previously unknown, comprehensible , and actionable information from large databases and using it to make crucial business decisions.
Data visualization and digital humanities researchSusan Smith
A presentation given at LITA National Forum 2011 in St. Louis. The presentation, by Erik Mitchell & Susan Smith, was about a project that was supported through a Wake Forest U Summer Technology Exploration Grant
Semantic Query Optimisation with Ontology Simulationdannyijwest
Semantic Web is, without a doubt, gaining momentum in both industry and academia. The word “Semantic” refers to “meaning” – a semantic web is a web of meaning. In this fast changing and result oriented practical world, gone are the days where an individual had to struggle for finding information on the Internet where knowledge management was the major issue. The semantic web has a vision of linking, integrating and analysing data from various data sources and forming a new information stream, hence a web of databases connected with each other and machines interacting with other machines to yield results which are user oriented and accurate. With the emergence of Semantic Web framework the naïve approach of searching information on the syntactic web is cliché. This paper proposes an optimised semantic searching of keywords exemplified by simulation an ontology of Indian universities with a proposed algorithm which ramifies the effective semantic retrieval of information which is easy to access and time saving.
Forms part of a training course in ontology given in Buffalo in 2009. For details and accompanying video see http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/IntroOntology_Course.html
morning session talk at the second Keystone Training School "Keyword search in Big Linked Data" held in Santiago de Compostela.
https://eventos.citius.usc.es/keystone.school/
Interlinking Data and Knowledge in Enterprises, Research and Society with Lin...Christoph Lange
The Linked Data paradigm has emerged as a powerful enabler for data and knowledge interlinking and exchange using standardised Web technologies.
In this article, we discuss our vision how the Linked Data paradigm can be employed to evolve the intranets of large organisations -- be it enterprises, research organisations or governmental and public administrations -- into networks of internal data and knowledge.
In particular for large enterprises data integration is still a key challenge. The Linked Data paradigm seems a promising approach for integrating enterprise data. Like the Web of Data, which now complements the original document-centred Web, data intranets may help to enhance and flexibilise the intranets and service-oriented architectures that exist in large organisations. Furthermore, using Linked Data gives enterprises access to 50+ billion facts from the growing Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud. As a result, a data intranet can help to bridge the gap between structured data management (in ERP, CRM or SCM systems) and semi-structured or unstructured information in documents, wikis or web portals, and make all of these sources searchable in a coherent way.
Keynote at Baltic DB&IS 2014, 9 June 2014, Tallinn, Estonia
Linked data for Libraries, Archives, Museumsljsmart
General introduction to Linked Data concepts presented to Maryland Library Association Technical Services Division at "Tech Services on the Edge" forum
How is the Semantic Web vision unfolding and what does it take for the Web to fully reach its potential and evolve from a Web of Documents to a Web of Data through universal data representation standards.
Data mining refers to the process of analysing the data from different perspectives and summarizing it into useful information.
Data mining software is one of the number of tools used for analysing data. It allows users to analyse from many different dimensions and angles, categorize it, and summarize the relationship identified.
Data mining is about technique for finding and describing Structural Patterns in data.
Data mining is the process of finding correlation or patterns among fields in large relational databases.
The process of extracting valid, previously unknown, comprehensible , and actionable information from large databases and using it to make crucial business decisions.
Data visualization and digital humanities researchSusan Smith
A presentation given at LITA National Forum 2011 in St. Louis. The presentation, by Erik Mitchell & Susan Smith, was about a project that was supported through a Wake Forest U Summer Technology Exploration Grant
Semantic Query Optimisation with Ontology Simulationdannyijwest
Semantic Web is, without a doubt, gaining momentum in both industry and academia. The word “Semantic” refers to “meaning” – a semantic web is a web of meaning. In this fast changing and result oriented practical world, gone are the days where an individual had to struggle for finding information on the Internet where knowledge management was the major issue. The semantic web has a vision of linking, integrating and analysing data from various data sources and forming a new information stream, hence a web of databases connected with each other and machines interacting with other machines to yield results which are user oriented and accurate. With the emergence of Semantic Web framework the naïve approach of searching information on the syntactic web is cliché. This paper proposes an optimised semantic searching of keywords exemplified by simulation an ontology of Indian universities with a proposed algorithm which ramifies the effective semantic retrieval of information which is easy to access and time saving.
Forms part of a training course in ontology given in Buffalo in 2009. For details and accompanying video see http://ontology.buffalo.edu/smith/IntroOntology_Course.html
morning session talk at the second Keystone Training School "Keyword search in Big Linked Data" held in Santiago de Compostela.
https://eventos.citius.usc.es/keystone.school/
Interlinking Data and Knowledge in Enterprises, Research and Society with Lin...Christoph Lange
The Linked Data paradigm has emerged as a powerful enabler for data and knowledge interlinking and exchange using standardised Web technologies.
In this article, we discuss our vision how the Linked Data paradigm can be employed to evolve the intranets of large organisations -- be it enterprises, research organisations or governmental and public administrations -- into networks of internal data and knowledge.
In particular for large enterprises data integration is still a key challenge. The Linked Data paradigm seems a promising approach for integrating enterprise data. Like the Web of Data, which now complements the original document-centred Web, data intranets may help to enhance and flexibilise the intranets and service-oriented architectures that exist in large organisations. Furthermore, using Linked Data gives enterprises access to 50+ billion facts from the growing Linked Open Data (LOD) cloud. As a result, a data intranet can help to bridge the gap between structured data management (in ERP, CRM or SCM systems) and semi-structured or unstructured information in documents, wikis or web portals, and make all of these sources searchable in a coherent way.
Keynote at Baltic DB&IS 2014, 9 June 2014, Tallinn, Estonia
Linked data for Libraries, Archives, Museumsljsmart
General introduction to Linked Data concepts presented to Maryland Library Association Technical Services Division at "Tech Services on the Edge" forum
Talk given at Open Knowledge Foundation 'Opening Up Metadata: Challenges, Standards and Tools' Workshop, Queen Mary University of London, 13th June 2012.
Info on the event at http://openglam.org/2012/05/31/last-places-left-for-opening-up-metadata-challenges-standards-and-tools/
Nelson Piedra , Janneth Chicaiza
and Jorge López, Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Edmundo
Tovar, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid,
and Oscar Martínez, Universitas
Miguel Hernández
Explore the advantages of using linked data with OERs.
Linked Data Generation for the University Data From Legacy Database dannyijwest
Web was developed to share information among the users through internet as some hyperlinked documents.
If someone wants to collect some data from the web he has to search and crawl through the documents to
fulfil his needs. Concept of Linked Data creates a breakthrough at this stage by enabling the links within
data. So, besides the web of connected documents a new web developed both for humans and machines, i.e.,
the web of connected data, simply known as Linked Data Web. Since it is a very new domain, still a very
few works has been done, specially the publication of legacy data within a University domain as Linked
Data.
This module supported the training on Linked Open Data delivered to the EU Institutions on 30 November 2015 in Brussels. https://joinup.ec.europa.eu/community/ods/news/ods-onsite-training-european-commission
Linked Open Data Principles, Technologies and ExamplesOpen Data Support
Theoretical and practical introducton to linked data, focusing both on the value proposition, the theory/foundations, and on practical examples. The material is tailored to the context of the EU institutions.
Slides from our tutorial on Linked Data generation in the energy domain, presented at the Sustainable Places 2014 conference on October 2nd in Nice, France
This slide deck has been prepared for a workshop on Linked Data Publishing and Semantic Processing using the Redlink platform (http://redlink.co). The workshop delivered at the Department of Information Engineering, Computer Science and Mathematics at Università degli Studi dell'Aquila aimed at providing a general understanding of Semantic Web Technologies and how these can be used in real world use cases such as Salzburgerland Tourismus.
A brief introduction has been also included on MICO (Media in Context) a European Union part-funded research project to provide cross-media analysis solutions for online multimedia producers.
Making sure your content is licenced and discoverable
A presentation from the JISC Programme Meeting for its Content Programme for 2011 http://www.jisc.ac.uk/whatwedo/programmes/digitisation/econtent11.aspx
This presentation is intended to give some brief advice for those publishing
digital content (digital images, cultural heritage, scholarly information etc.)
on the Internet and in particular how to ensure good visibility via Google and other portals
This presentation gives details on technologies and approaches towards exploiting Linked Data by building LD applications. In particular, it gives an overview of popular existing applications and introduces the main technologies that support implementation and development. Furthermore, it illustrates how data exposed through common Web APIs can be integrated with Linked Data in order to create mashups.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. SECTIONS SPEAKERS
Introduction and Overview Vikas Bhushan
Base Technologies Sayon Roy
Linked Data Principles Debashis Naskar
Currents Trends and Implementations Sumanta Bag
Conclusion Kaustav Saha
14-Aug-13 2
3. “As long as you are Green, you are Growing, As soon as you Ripe,
you start to Rot”.
-Ray Kroc
McDonald's Corporation founder
14-Aug-13 3
Image Source : http://www.aboutmcdonalds.com/mcd.html
4. 14-Aug-13 4
Present Scenario raises 3 key questions :
•How efficiently provide access to data
to enhance usability?
•How to improve visibility of data?
•How to enhance application’s findability
of data from invisible web?
The 3 key Q’s
5. How we search for information
... about this person?
... about these monuments?
... about these concepts?
14-Aug-13 5
Source: http://estranhomundodaloh.blogspot.in/2012/03/o-ritmo-ranganathan.html
Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampi
Source: http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Smiley.svg
Source: http://nordicflower.com/product/after-the-sorrow/
7. The Web into Walled Gardens
14-Aug-13 7
Source: The Emerging Web of Linked Data, Chris Bizer, Freie Universität Berlin, SRI International, Artificial Intelligence Center Menlo Park, USA, 24 July 2009
12. Linking Open Data Cloud Diagram
14-Aug-13 12
Source : http://lod-cloud.net/versions/2011-09-19/lod-cloud_colored.html
Source: http://readwrite.com/2011/01/18/the-concept-of-linked-data
13. Base Technologies for Linked Data
- Sayon Roy
14-Aug-13 13
Linked Data: An Aid to Semantic Information
The Visual and Syntactic Web
Semantic Web
The Semantic Network
Levels of Semantics
The Semantic Web Layer Cake
14. Linked Data: An Aid to Semantic Information
Processing
• Information processing on semantic web is largely dependent on
processing structured data in the form of triples and graphs,
which is Linked Data.
• Linked Data sources use the Resource Discovery Format for
encoding structured data and simplify the linking of units of
information by using URI’s for identification and reference.
14-Aug-13 14Source: https://si0.twimg.com/profile_images/1873437810/image.jpg
15. The Visual and Syntactic Web
• In the visual Web, machines cannot understand the meaning of
information present in HTML pages, since they are mainly made up
of ASCII codes and images.
• The visual Web prevents computers from automating information
processing, integration and interoperability.
• The Syntactic Web is the collection of documents in the World
Wide Web that contain data not just meant to be rendered by Web
Browsers, but also to be used for data integration and
interoperability purposes.
• To “understand” data, a computer needs metadata which is
provided by some kind of markup language.
14-Aug-13 15
16. Semantic Web
• The Semantic Web is not a separate web but an extension of
the current one, in which information is given well-defined
meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in
cooperation. (Berners-Lee, Hendler, et al.)
14-Aug-13 16
Source: http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de/research/multinet/infeb_en.png
19. The Semantic Web Layer Cake
14-Aug-13 19
Source: http://www.w3.org/2001/09/06-ecdl/slide17-0.html
20. Universal Resource
Identifier(URI)
• A URI is a string or sequence of characters which is used to
represent and provide identification to a web resource.
• Such unique identification ensures access and interaction with
representations of a web resource over a network, typically the
World Wide Web.
14-Aug-13 20
21. • The URL
https://www.facebook.com/natgeo
identifies the location from where a Web
page can be retrieved.
• The URN urn:isbn:3-549-35469-6 identifies
a book using its ISBN
• The ISBN system for uniquely identifying
books provides a typical example of the use
of URNs.
• URNs and URLs have complementary
purposes.
14-Aug-13
21
Source: http://pi7.fernuni-hagen.de/research/multinet/infeb_en.png
22. Unicode
Unicode provides a unique number for every character,
no matter what the platform,
no matter what the program,
no matter what the language.
14-Aug-13 22Source:http://www.unicode.org/standard/WhatIsUnicode.html
Source:http://www.aspsms.com/img/unicode-bengali.gif
23. XML
• A globally accepted standard for data interchange on Web.
• Does not communicate the meaning of the data, but is highly
helpful for syntactic interoperability and integration.
• Through XML the semantics of a particular domain cannot be
recognized as XML primarily aims at structured and syntactic
representation of data.
14-Aug-13 23
25. • RDF is a metadata representation language that allows resources to
be described through relationships to other resources and literals.
• RDF uses XML and is at the base of the semantic web.
• The main modelling block in RDF is the statement – a triple
<Subject, Predicate, Object>, where:
Subject is the resource, which is being described.
Predicate is a resource, which determines the type of the
relationship.
Object is a resource or a literal, which represents the value of the
attribute.
14-Aug-13 25
26. Graphical Representation of a RDF statement
(subject, predicate, object)
Creator
Resource Property Type Property Value
Resource
14-Aug-13 26
https://www.facebook.com/Sudh
irShivaramPhotography
Sudhir Shivaram
27. RDF Schema
• RDF schema provides a way of building
a object model from which the actual
data is referenced and which tells us
what things really mean.
• RDFS allows users to define resources
with classes, properties and values.
• This allows resources to be defined as
instances of classes, and subclasses of
classes.
14-Aug-13 27Source:http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/RDFCore/Schema/20010618/rdfsimg2.jpg
28. ‘A formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization’
must be machine
understandable
types of concepts and
constraints must be clearly
defined
not private to some individual,
but accepted by a group
an abstract model of some phenomenon in the world
formed by identifying the relevant concepts of that
phenomenon
-----By Thomas Robert (Tom) Gruber (1994)
29. The three major uses of Ontologies are:
• To assist in communication between humans and computer.
• To achieve interoperability and communication among
software systems.
• To improve the design and quality design and the quality of
software system.
30. Logic, Proof, and Trust
• The purpose of these layers is to state any logical principle and
allow the computer to reason by inference using these principles.
• Inference engines, also called reasoners, are software applications
that derive new facts or associations from existing information.
• Proof traces or explains the steps involved in logical reasoning
• Trust is the top layer of the semantic web architecture which
provides authentication of identity and evidence of trustworthiness
of data and services.
14-Aug-13 30
31. Linked Data Working Principles
- Debashis Naskar
3114-Aug-13
The 4 Principles
How Linked Data Works?
BBC Nature Site
Linked Data Working – Pictorial Representation
32. The 4 Principles
• Any conceptual thing can now have a name (URI) on the web.
• Those URIs return important information back in a standard
format.
• This information includes explicit relationships to other things
with URIs.
• Use HTTP URIs, so that people can look up those names.
3214-Aug-13
46. Why it is needed?
• It can assemble information from many authority resources at
one place.
• A world with connections between concepts not just with
hyperlinks but by descriptive explicit data relationships.
47. Why is linked data important for libraries?
• People can more easily find library resources on the web.
• More creative applications based on library metadata.
• Opportunities for cataloging efficiency and innovation.
48. Conclusion
• The library catalogues led to better document discovery, it acts as a link between
the user that can be called as a subject and the book as an object in the linked
data perspective.
• Coding metadata on web can be called as RDF.
• In library we describe a product by its metadata likewise in web we do it by URI.
• Our catalogues increases the findability, visibility of a document in a library.
• Metadata of our library catalogues help in collocation. Linked data has the similar
role in semantic web environment by using URIs.
• Our LIS has relationships like BT/NT, Genus/Species, class/inclusion. But, in linked
data there have been codified explicitly and provided with URIs.
14-Aug-13 48
49. Reference
• Surjith, Krishnamurthy et al ."Publishing Legacy Data as Linked Data: A State of the Art Survey" Library High- Tech ,2013
• C. Bizer, T. Heath, and T. Berners-Lee, “Linked Data—The Story So Far, ”Int’l. J. Semantic Web & Information Systems, to appear, 2009.
• Heath, T and Bizer, C(2011). Linked Data: Evolving the web into a Global Data Space. Morgan & Claypool.
• Guerrini. M, Possemato. T(2013).Linked data: a new alphabet for the semantic web. Italian Journal of Library and Information Science, 4(1).
• Cardoso, J. (ED.). (2007). Semantic Web Services: Theory, Tools, and Applications. New York :Information Science Reference.
• Vaidya, P. Harinarayana, N. S. (2013) . Linked Data as an Element to support Resource Discovery : Need for Harmonization of Metadata Standards. 9th
International Caliber.
• Howarth, Lynne . c. (2012). FRBR and Linked Data : Connecting FRBR and Linked Data. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly, 50 : 763-776.
• Tim Berners-Lee, Linked Data- Design Issues. 2006; last changed 2009. http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/LinkedData.html (retrieved March 01,2013) . .
• Piranha. Retrieved June 10,2013 from http://www.worldcat.org/title/piranha/oclc/668455291&referer=brief_results.
• Linked Data for Libraries . Retrieved June 7,2013 from http://www.oclc.org/data.en.html .
• Piranha. Retrieved June 10,2013 from http://dbpedia.org/page/Piranha55291&referer=brief_results
• Red-bellied Piranha. Retrieved June 10,2013 from http://www.bbc.co.uk/nature/life/Red-bellied_piranha
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