1. 1
Lifelong Learning
Kimberly Hawthorne, Masumi Kodama, Debbie Tom, Shirley Sease Steele
Foundations of Adult Learning
AET/500
Professor Mary Joseph-Martin
October 12, 2015
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Lifelong Learning
Introduction
According to the National Center for Education Statistics ([NCES] Snyder and Dillow
2012), enrollment of American college students 25 and over rose by 42 percent from 2000-2010;
and from 2010-2020. NCES projects a rise of 20 percent in enrollments of students over 25. As
an increasing number of older adults attend college, instructors need to understand adult learning
theories to enhance the meaningful learning experience of adult students.
The motivation for adult learners are internal (Knowles 1984), and adult cognition is
related to life experience. The majority of adult learners are self-directed. (Lieb 1991). The
learning is complex, multidimensional, and inextricably connected to the learner's experience.
(Brown 2002). Based on the facts above, the following are the effective teaching strategies that
motivate adult learners for their lifelong learning.
Self-directed learning
When the instructor takes a role as the facilitator, and adult learners are free to apply their
life experience, it empowers them to be self-directed and internally motivated in the learning
experience. Using this approach, the students becomes a valuable asset to the instructor.
Situative or experiential learning
An adult learning strategy that allow the learner to draw from their past experiences.
"Through the use of role playing or simulated problems, for example, an adult learner makes
practical use of knowledge and applies it appropriately to resolve the critical situation” (Goddu,
2012)
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Narrative learning
Storytelling of historical events of past cultures and civilizations. This word of mouth
record enabled the listener to both learn and relate events to past personal experiences. This
method of learning encouraged problem skills. Narrative learning is affected by race, gender,
and socioeconomic status (Merriam et al. 2007).
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References
Brown, J. O. 2002. Know thyself: The impact of portfolio development on adult learning.
Adult Education Quarterly 52(3): 228-45.
Goddu, K. (2012). Meeting the Challenge: Teaching Strategies for Adult Learners. Kappa Delta
Pi Record, 48(4), 169-173. Doi:10.1080/00228958.2012.734004
Knowles, M. S. 1984. The adult learner: A neglected species, 3rd ed. Houston, TX: Gulf.
Lieb, S. 1991. Principles of adult learning. VISION (Fall)
www.lindenwood.edu/education/andragogy/andragogy/2011/Lieb_1991.pdf.
Merriam, S. B., R. S. Caffarella, and L. M. Baumgartner. 2007. Learning in
Adulthood: A comprehensive guide, 3rd ed. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass
Snyder, T. D., and Dillow, S. A. 2012. Digest of Education Statistics: Department of Education
http://nces.ed.gov/pubsearch/pubsinfo.asp?pubid=2012001