The document discusses concepts of mass participation in sports and identifies several constraints that prevent participation, including age, gender, disability, ethnicity, social class, and time constraints. It also outlines policies and agencies that aim to promote sports participation among target groups like women, low-income communities, ethnic minorities, youth and elderly to achieve benefits like better mental and physical health, reduced crime, and economic gains.

1. Lifelong involvement in Sports
Concepts of Lifetime Sports

2. Mass Participation
INTRINSIC EXTRINSIC
 Promotes mental health
 Promotes physical
health
 Positive use of spare
time
 Healthy people mean
less strain on the health
system.
 Crime and antisocial
behaviour is reduced
 Economic benefits
The benefits of mass participation are both intrinsic
and extrinsic.

3. Mass Participation - Constraints
 Some people suffer constraints that prevent them
from taking part in sport.
 The aim of mass participation is to break through
these constraints so as many people as possible
participate.
 Constraints on Participation
 Age
 Gender
 Disability
 Ethnicity
 Social class

4. Mass Participation - Constraints
 TARGET GROUPS – is a group identified by sport
England as needing special attention to raise
participation levels. These groups have certain
factors in common in that they are subordinate to the
dominant group in society. Consequently they share
similar problems in participating in sport or physical
recreation.
 Target Groups
 Women
 Low income
 Ethnic minorities
 Very young
 Very old
 disabled

5. Mass Participation - Opportunity
 In the UK most sport takes place in clubs on a
voluntary basis.
 It is mainly elite as fees have to be paid or as in
some cases e.g. Golf clubs you have to be
nominated to join.
 This limits membership to a few only.

6. Mass Participation
Time Provision
 Women face difficulty
due to having both work
and family constraints.
 Having to work long
hours in certain jobs or
shift work can also
reduce how much time
is available .
 Not all areas have
suitable facilities
available.
 Some sports require
expensive equipment.

7. Mass Participation
Esteem Stereotypes and Myths
 Some find it difficult to
participate due to views
and judgement of
society.
 In some cultures women
are discouraged to
participate.
 Some believe that if
women do participate it
should be in a
“feminine” sport.
 Some minority groups
are labelled as having
certain characteristics
and are therefore
steered into some
sports and away from
others.
 E.g. Black men can’t
swim, white men can’t
jump, Asians can’t play
football

8. Mass Participation
Peer Pressure Geographical Factors
 Children will conform to
stereotypes.
 They are influenced
greatly by their friends.
 This is highest in early
teens which coincides
with when key choices
are made.
 The distance from
facilities or natural
resources needed to
participate in a
particular sport will
determine what activity
is chosen and how often
they participate.

9. Mass Participation – Educational factors
 Most learn to play a sport at school.
 Therefore the type of experience one gets from
school physical education will influence their choice
in adulthood.
 Team games tend to dominate PE curriculums. The
introduction of schemes such as sport education
helps raise and keep interest in senior school.
 School facilities are being opened up to the public
resulting in more access to sport facilities.

10. Mass Participation – Reformative Policies
 Making England Active – aims to help people of all
ages start and stay active in sport.
 Multi Sport Hubs – development of community sports
facilities that offer multiple activities as well as
educational, social and health services.
 Active Places Initiative – web based resource that
allows people to search for facilities in their area.
 Public Service Agreements – agreements between
various agencies to increase participation in sport in
different areas.

11. Mass Participation – Specialist Agencies
 Women’s Sport Foundation - charity that campaigns
to make physical activity an everyday part of life for
women and girls. (http://wsff.org.uk)
 The English Federation of Disability Sport (EFDS) -
a charity responsible for the promotion and
development of sporting opportunities for all disabled
people in England. (http://www.efds.co.uk/)
 Kick it Out - football's equality and inclusion
campaign. It works throughout the
football, educational and community sectors to
challenge discrimination, encourage inclusive
practices and work for positive change.
(http://www.kickitout.org/)

12. Mass Participation – other schemes
 Concessions – special prices at sports facilities for
target groups
 Local Schemes – different local authorities have set
up schemes tailored to their areas. Many have a
referral system from the doctor’s surgery coinciding
with specialised schemes to get people involved and
active.
 School and county sports partnerships – Develop
and streamline a localised network of clubs,
coaches, volunteers and competitive opportunities.

13. Lifetime Sports
 Some sports can be pursued throughout life e.g.
badminton, golf.
 This is because they are self paced, which means
that they can play at their own level or energy output.
The concentration can also be on fun and enjoyment
rather than competition.
 One belief is that school s should introduce lifetime
sports into the curriculum so that the interest can be
carried into adulthood.
 However in most schools they follow the National
Curriculum which bis domintaed by invasion games.

14. Leadership and Volunteering
 Performers need, coaches, administration, officials,
leaders if they to participate.
 Sport England found that to promote participation it
must encourage volunteers to do these jobs.
 Approximately 1.2 million people regularly coach
sports in the UK and there are 6 million sport
volunteers also.
 These are usually non qualified and unpaid
individuals.

15. Leadership and Volunteering
 There are various schemes available which help
train volunteers.
 The Sports Leader Award is aimed at school and
college students and gives them the necessary skills
to lead groups.
 Step into Sport was established by The Youth Sport
Trust in partnership with Sport England and Sports
Leaders UK to give 14-16 year olds opportunities to
get involved with leadership and volunteering