The document discusses the structure and function of the human heart. It describes how the heart is made up of chambers and valves that allow blood to flow through it, and how issues like heart attacks, heart failure, and arrhythmias can occur if the heart is not functioning properly. It then explains that cardiovascular disease is a major health problem in Pakistan, with lifestyle factors like diet, physical inactivity, and smoking being modifiable risk factors. The purpose of the study is to examine awareness of cardiovascular disease and the relationship between lifestyle and risk of disease among people in Karachi.

2. INTRODUCTION:
HUMAN HEART:
 "The tissues of the
body need a
constant supply of
nutrition and
oxygen in order to
be active,"

3. HEART WALL:
 The heart wall is made
up of three layers: the
inner endocardium,
middle myocardium
and outer epicardium.
These are surrounded
by a double-
membraned sac
called the pericardium

4. CHAMBER OF HEART:
 The heart has four chambers, two upper
atria, the receiving chambers, and two
lower ventricles, the discharging
chambers.

5. HEART VALVES:
 The heart has 4 valves:
 The mitral valve and
tricuspid valve, which
control blood flow from
the atria to the
ventricles
 The aortic valve and
pulmonary valve, which
control blood flow out of
the ventricles

6. HUMAN HEART
FUNCTION Circulation of oxygen

7. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE:
 Heart and blood vessel
disease also called heart
disease — includes numerous
problems, many of which are
related to a process called
atherosclerosis.
Atherosclerosis is a condition
that develops when a
substance called plaque builds
up in the walls of the arteries

8. HEART ATTACK:
 A heart attack occurs when the blood flow
to a part of the heart is blocked by a blood
clot. If this clot cuts off the blood flow
completely, the part of the heart muscle
supplied by that artery begins to die.

9. ISCHEMIC STROKE
 happens when a blood vessel that feeds
the brain gets blocked, usually from a
blood clot. When the blood supply to a
part of the brain is shut off, brain cells
will die.

10. HEART FAILURE:
 This doesn't mean that the heart stops
beating. Heart failure, sometimes called
congestive heart failure, means the
heart isn't pumping blood as well as it
should. The heart keeps working, but
the body's need for blood and oxygen
isn't being met.

11. ARRHYTHMIA
 This is an abnormal rhythm of
the heart. There are various
types of arrhythmias. The
heart can beat too slow, too
fast or irregularly. Bradycardia
is when the heart rate is less
than 60 beats per minute.
Tachycardia is when the heart
rate is more than 100 beats
per minute. An arrhythmia can
affect how well the heart
works

12.  When heart valves don't open enough to allow
the blood to flow through as it should, it's
called stenosis. When the heart valves don't
close properly and allow blood to leak through,
it's called regurgitation. When the valve
leaflets bulge or prolapse back into the upper
chamber, it’s a condition called mitral valve
prolapse.

13. LIFE STYLE AND RISKS
IMPACT ON
CARDIOVASCUOLAR
DISEASES: Some risk factors such as family history,
ethnicity and age, cannot be
changed. Other risk factors that can be
treated or changed include tobacco
exposure, high blood pressure
(hypertension), high cholesterol, obesity,
physical inactivity, diabetes, unhealthy
diets, and harmful use of alcohol.

14. MODIFIABLE RISK
FACTORS:
 HYPERTENSION
 PHYSICAL INACTIVITY
 DIET

15. NON-MODIFIABLE
RISK FACTORS:
 AGE.
 ETHINICITY.
 FAMILY HISTORY.
 GENDER.

16. HISTORY OF CVD IN
PAKISTAN:
 Pakistani population has
one of the highest risks
ofcoronary heart
disease (CHD) in the
world. In Pakistan, 30 to
40 per cent of all deaths
are due to
cardiovascular diseases
(CVD).
 Over 30% of people
over age of 45 are
effected.

17. SIGNIFICANCE OF
OUR STUDY:
 The cardiovascular disease is very
dangerous disease and thousand of
peoples were die from this disease in
pakistan and in united state both were in
danger with this disease that’s way we are
study on this disease this is non-
contagious disease disease and never
spread from 0ne person to other this is non
communicable disease.

18. PROBLEM
STATEMENT: The research question is based upon
our hypothesis:
 Alternate hypothesis {ha}: The
awareness peoples are equal to
unaware peoples.
 Null hypothesis {ho}: The awareness
rate is high then unawer people.

19. PURPOSE OF
OBJECTIVE:
 The purpose of our study to checked the
awareness in Karachi people we also
checked the relation between two
variable like food have relation with CVD
or not, so the main aim of our study to
observed the life style impact on
cardiovascular disease or not and also
observed that people have knowledge of
cdv ,risks ,medication, and its first aid
treatment.