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Estructuras Algebraicas
PRIMERA CLASE
Ley de composición interna
Definición
Ley de composición interna definida en un conjunto no vacío A, es toda función A x A en A
Es decir ,
𝐴 ≠ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐴,∗: 𝐴𝑥𝐴 → 𝐴
𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴
En símbolos
∗ 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝐴 ↔∗ 𝐴𝑥𝐴 → 𝐴
Ejemplos
Determinar si los siguientes conjuntos cumplen con la Ley de composición interna
(ℕ, +)
ℕ ≠ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑛 ℕ, +: ℕ𝑥ℕ → ℕ
𝑎 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑏 ∈ ℕ → 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∈ ℕ
2 ∈ ℕ ∧ 3 ∈ ℕ → 2 + 3 ∈ ℕ
(ℕ, −)
ℕ ≠ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑛 ℕ, −: ℕ𝑥ℕ → ℕ
𝑎 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑏 ∈ ℕ → 𝑎 − 𝑏 ∈ ℕ
2 ∈ ℕ ∧ 3 ∈ ℕ → 2 − 3 ∉ ℕ
∴ 𝐿𝐶𝐼 ∴ 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐼
Ejercicio propuesto: en el foro dar ejemplos de conjuntos numéricos que con +,- son LIC
Ejemplo
Sea 𝐴 = −1,0,1 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 (𝐴, +)
+ -1 0 1
-1 -2 -1 0
0 -1 0 1
1 0 1 2
∴ 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐼
Ejemplo
Sea 𝐴 = −1,0,1 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 (𝐴, . )
. -1 0 1
-1 1 0 -1
0 0 0 0
1 -1 0 1
∴ 𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐼
Ejercicio propuesto: en el foro analizar si las relaciones del primer punto de la guía cumple con la definición de la
Ley de Composición Interna
Propiedades de la Ley composición interna
Ejemplo
Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑐 ? 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐)
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 ∗ 𝑐 ? 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 + 𝑐 + 1)
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 + 𝑐 + 1 ? 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 1 + 1
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2
* 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
Ejemplo
Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑏 ∗ 𝑎
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 ? 𝑏 + 𝑎 + 1
𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 = 𝑏 + 𝑎 + 1
* 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
Ejemplo
Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1
𝑎 ∗ 𝑒 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑒 ∗ 𝑎 = 𝑎
𝑎 + 𝑒 + 1 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑒 + 𝑎 + 1 = 𝑎
𝑒 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 1 ∧ 𝑒 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 1
𝑒 = −1 ∧ 𝑒 = −1
*𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛í𝑐𝑜 "𝑒 = −1"
Ejemplo
Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖
𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1
𝑎 ∗ 𝑎´ = 𝑒 𝑎´ ∗ 𝑎 = 𝑒
𝑎 + 𝑎´ + 1 = −1
𝑎´ = −2 − 𝑎
𝑎´ + 𝑎 + 1 = −1
𝑎´ = −2 − 𝑎
*𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜 "𝑎´ = −2 − 𝑎"
Ejercicio propuesto: en el foro analizar si ℕ,∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎. 𝑏 + 1 cumple con las propiedades de la
Ley de Composición Interna
Estructura de Monoide
𝐴𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎 𝐼 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑅𝑜𝑗𝑜
Ejercicio propuesto: Resolver el punto 1 y 2 del TP nº1

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Ley de composicion_interna

  • 2. Ley de composición interna Definición Ley de composición interna definida en un conjunto no vacío A, es toda función A x A en A Es decir , 𝐴 ≠ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝐴,∗: 𝐴𝑥𝐴 → 𝐴 𝑎 ∈ 𝐴 ∧ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 → 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 ∈ 𝐴 En símbolos ∗ 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑒𝑛 𝐴 ↔∗ 𝐴𝑥𝐴 → 𝐴
  • 3. Ejemplos Determinar si los siguientes conjuntos cumplen con la Ley de composición interna (ℕ, +) ℕ ≠ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑛 ℕ, +: ℕ𝑥ℕ → ℕ 𝑎 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑏 ∈ ℕ → 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∈ ℕ 2 ∈ ℕ ∧ 3 ∈ ℕ → 2 + 3 ∈ ℕ (ℕ, −) ℕ ≠ ∅ 𝑐𝑜𝑛 ℕ, −: ℕ𝑥ℕ → ℕ 𝑎 ∈ ℕ ∧ 𝑏 ∈ ℕ → 𝑎 − 𝑏 ∈ ℕ 2 ∈ ℕ ∧ 3 ∈ ℕ → 2 − 3 ∉ ℕ ∴ 𝐿𝐶𝐼 ∴ 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐼 Ejercicio propuesto: en el foro dar ejemplos de conjuntos numéricos que con +,- son LIC
  • 4. Ejemplo Sea 𝐴 = −1,0,1 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 (𝐴, +) + -1 0 1 -1 -2 -1 0 0 -1 0 1 1 0 1 2 ∴ 𝑛𝑜 𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐼
  • 5. Ejemplo Sea 𝐴 = −1,0,1 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑏𝑎𝑟 𝑠𝑖 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛𝑎 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 (𝐴, . ) . -1 0 1 -1 1 0 -1 0 0 0 0 1 -1 0 1 ∴ 𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐶𝐼 Ejercicio propuesto: en el foro analizar si las relaciones del primer punto de la guía cumple con la definición de la Ley de Composición Interna
  • 6. Propiedades de la Ley composición interna
  • 7. Ejemplo Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 ∗ 𝑐 ? 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 ∗ 𝑐) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 ∗ 𝑐 ? 𝑎 ∗ (𝑏 + 𝑐 + 1) 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 + 𝑐 + 1 ? 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 1 + 1 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 𝑐 + 2 * 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑎𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
  • 8. Ejemplo Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑏 ∗ 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 ? 𝑏 + 𝑎 + 1 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 = 𝑏 + 𝑎 + 1 * 𝑒𝑠 𝑙𝑒𝑦 𝑑𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑖𝑐𝑖ó𝑛 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑚𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑎
  • 9. Ejemplo Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 𝑎 ∗ 𝑒 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑒 ∗ 𝑎 = 𝑎 𝑎 + 𝑒 + 1 = 𝑎 ∧ 𝑒 + 𝑎 + 1 = 𝑎 𝑒 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 1 ∧ 𝑒 = 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 𝑎 − 1 𝑒 = −1 ∧ 𝑒 = −1 *𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑛𝑒𝑢𝑡𝑟𝑜 𝑦 𝑒𝑠 𝑢𝑛í𝑐𝑜 "𝑒 = −1"
  • 10. Ejemplo Derteminar si ℤ,∗ 𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑎𝑠 𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑝𝑖𝑒𝑑𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑠 𝑑𝑒 𝑙𝑎 𝐿𝑐𝑖 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎 + 𝑏 + 1 𝑎 ∗ 𝑎´ = 𝑒 𝑎´ ∗ 𝑎 = 𝑒 𝑎 + 𝑎´ + 1 = −1 𝑎´ = −2 − 𝑎 𝑎´ + 𝑎 + 1 = −1 𝑎´ = −2 − 𝑎 *𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑒 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑜 𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜 "𝑎´ = −2 − 𝑎" Ejercicio propuesto: en el foro analizar si ℕ,∗ 𝑑𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑑𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑜 𝑎 ∗ 𝑏 = 𝑎. 𝑏 + 1 cumple con las propiedades de la Ley de Composición Interna
  • 11. Estructura de Monoide 𝐴𝑙𝑔𝑒𝑏𝑟𝑎 𝐼 𝑑𝑒 𝐴𝑟𝑚𝑎𝑛𝑑𝑜 𝑅𝑜𝑗𝑜 Ejercicio propuesto: Resolver el punto 1 y 2 del TP nº1