This letter to Mexico's President is from A. Alonso Aguirre, Executive Director of the Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation.
More:
Can Technology and Tourism Sustain Mexico's Sea Turtles? http://nyti.ms/10bjIcH
Rescue and handling of Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in Venez...ConBiVe
Given the importance of the rescue and rehabilitation
of confiscated manatees from illegal traffic or accidental
fishery entanglements, the handling and transport of
two Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus
in the ‘Llanos’ of Apure state in Venezuela is
described. In 1992, two ♀ calves were confiscated in
the region of Arichuna in the Apure River and transported
to a lagoon at the Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones
Agropecuarias, Biruaca, for rehabilitation. Data
about age, size, weight and haematological values were
recorded. In 1994, one of the manatees was transferred
to the Parque Zoologico y Botanico Bararida, Barquisimeto,
in order to form a breeding pair and start a
captive-breeding programme. Successful reproduction
was achieved in 2007, 2011 and 2013. In 1995, the
second ♀ Antillean manatee was released into a natural
environment in Santa Luisa Cattle Ranch, Apure state.
The confiscation, rescue, rehabilitation and transport
(by land and air) of these two ♀ Antillean manatees
were carried out satisfactorily.
Use of Fishing Resources by Women in the Mamanguape River Estuary, Paraíba st...Priscila Trindade
We evaluated the appropriation and use of fishing resources by women residing near the Mamanguape River
Estuary (MRE), Paraíba state, Brazil. Were used combinations of qualitative (interviews and direct observations)
and quantitative methods (use value and corrected principal use concordance). Thirty women were interviewed
and reported the use of 41 species (30 fish, 8 crustaceans, and 3 mollusks), mainly for local consumption and
sale. The species with the highest use value were Genidens genidens (0.7), Callinectes exasperatus (0.73)
and Anomalocardia brasiliana (0.46). The diversity of resources exploited demonstrates the importance of
the mangrove ecosystem to MRE families, and the data gathered can serve as a basis for formulating public
policies to promote the equal participation of women in fishing and environmental conservation.
This status review was conducted in response to a petition to list the humphead wrasse under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
Authors: Krista S. Graham, Christofer H. Boggs, Edward E. DeMartini, Robert E. Schroeder, and Michael Trianni
Rescue and handling of Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus in Venez...ConBiVe
Given the importance of the rescue and rehabilitation
of confiscated manatees from illegal traffic or accidental
fishery entanglements, the handling and transport of
two Antillean manatees Trichechus manatus manatus
in the ‘Llanos’ of Apure state in Venezuela is
described. In 1992, two ♀ calves were confiscated in
the region of Arichuna in the Apure River and transported
to a lagoon at the Fondo Nacional de Investigaciones
Agropecuarias, Biruaca, for rehabilitation. Data
about age, size, weight and haematological values were
recorded. In 1994, one of the manatees was transferred
to the Parque Zoologico y Botanico Bararida, Barquisimeto,
in order to form a breeding pair and start a
captive-breeding programme. Successful reproduction
was achieved in 2007, 2011 and 2013. In 1995, the
second ♀ Antillean manatee was released into a natural
environment in Santa Luisa Cattle Ranch, Apure state.
The confiscation, rescue, rehabilitation and transport
(by land and air) of these two ♀ Antillean manatees
were carried out satisfactorily.
Use of Fishing Resources by Women in the Mamanguape River Estuary, Paraíba st...Priscila Trindade
We evaluated the appropriation and use of fishing resources by women residing near the Mamanguape River
Estuary (MRE), Paraíba state, Brazil. Were used combinations of qualitative (interviews and direct observations)
and quantitative methods (use value and corrected principal use concordance). Thirty women were interviewed
and reported the use of 41 species (30 fish, 8 crustaceans, and 3 mollusks), mainly for local consumption and
sale. The species with the highest use value were Genidens genidens (0.7), Callinectes exasperatus (0.73)
and Anomalocardia brasiliana (0.46). The diversity of resources exploited demonstrates the importance of
the mangrove ecosystem to MRE families, and the data gathered can serve as a basis for formulating public
policies to promote the equal participation of women in fishing and environmental conservation.
This status review was conducted in response to a petition to list the humphead wrasse under the U.S. Endangered Species Act.
Authors: Krista S. Graham, Christofer H. Boggs, Edward E. DeMartini, Robert E. Schroeder, and Michael Trianni
The origin of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - in the Santa C...International Aquafeed
Salmon and trout have been transplanted to habitats throughout the world and self-sustaining populations have been successfully established globally, with the exception of Antarctica (MacCrimmon 1971; Quinn et al. 1996; Nielsen 1996). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was first introduced into Argentinean Patagonia, the southernmost region of South America, at the turn of the twentieth century and eventually became the most conspicuous freshwater species in major river basins of the region (Pascual et al. 2002b).
A preliminary study of Ichthyofauna of Garhi Usmani Khel stream and Meherdy s...Innspub Net
Based on the importance and crucial role in biosphere, studying fish is a debatable issue. Among animal research its study is as prominent as bright day light. Biodiversity refers to the number of different species living in an ecosystem. The current study was carried out from May 2016 to August 2016 to find out Ichthyofauna of Garhi Usmani Khel Stream and Meherdy Stream at Dargai District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The fish specimens were then identified by studying various morphometric measurements and meristic counts. This study included eight species; Barilius pakistanicus, Puntius chola, Channa punctata, Channa gachua, Acanthocobitis botia, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Mastacembelus armatus and Ompok pabda belonging to four orders (Cypriniformes, Channiformes, Mastacembeliformes, Siluriformes) and five Families (Cyprinidae, Channidae, Nemacheilidaeidae, Mastacembelidae, Siluridae). Cyprinidae was the most dominant family comprised of three species; Barilius pakistanicus, Puntius chola and Crossocheilus diplocheilus. The family Channidae included two species i.e. Channa punctate and Channa gachua while Nemacheilidaeidae, Mastacembelidae and Siluridae were represented by only one species each, Acanthocobitis botia, Mastacembelus armatus and Ompok pabda respectively. It was concluded that Ompok pabda is strictly endangered in River Swat and especially in Garhi Usmani Khel Stream and Meherdy Stream. It is strongly recommended to conserve this species (Ompok pabda).
Molecular and cytogenetic phylogeography of h. malabaricuscmvolcker
Claudio Michael Völcker
Jorge A. Dergam
Molecular and karyotypic phylogeography in the Neotropical Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae) fish in eastern Brazil
Effect of Stocking Density on the Resistance to Fasting, Growth and Survival ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— After artificial reproduction of African catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis, larvae of two days old and 2.18 ± 0.35 mg of mean weight were used to perform two experiments in order to assess the effect of stocking density on their fasting resistance, growth and survival. During the first experiment which lasted 11 days with four batches of larvae at densities of 1, 2, 3 and 4 individuals/ml, results showed that density did not significantly affect (p˂0,05) the resistance to fasting of larvae. However, first mortalities were observed at D5 for all the densities, the higher daily mortality was recorded at D10 and the last mortalities were obtained at D12.
Results of the second experiment revealed that the weight and growth performance of larvae decreased with the increasing of the density after 28 days of rearing. In contrast, the larval survival rate increased with the density. The values of survival rate were respectively 30.53 ± 4.32 and 55.30 ± 21.70 % for the densities 1 ind./l and 20 ind./l.
El Profesor Erik Simões, tutor del Área de Medio Ambiente de FUNIBER, ha publicado un trabajo sobre las “Mareas Rojas” en el periódico Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.
The origin of introduced rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) - in the Santa C...International Aquafeed
Salmon and trout have been transplanted to habitats throughout the world and self-sustaining populations have been successfully established globally, with the exception of Antarctica (MacCrimmon 1971; Quinn et al. 1996; Nielsen 1996). Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) was first introduced into Argentinean Patagonia, the southernmost region of South America, at the turn of the twentieth century and eventually became the most conspicuous freshwater species in major river basins of the region (Pascual et al. 2002b).
A preliminary study of Ichthyofauna of Garhi Usmani Khel stream and Meherdy s...Innspub Net
Based on the importance and crucial role in biosphere, studying fish is a debatable issue. Among animal research its study is as prominent as bright day light. Biodiversity refers to the number of different species living in an ecosystem. The current study was carried out from May 2016 to August 2016 to find out Ichthyofauna of Garhi Usmani Khel Stream and Meherdy Stream at Dargai District Malakand, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Pakistan. The fish specimens were then identified by studying various morphometric measurements and meristic counts. This study included eight species; Barilius pakistanicus, Puntius chola, Channa punctata, Channa gachua, Acanthocobitis botia, Crossocheilus diplocheilus, Mastacembelus armatus and Ompok pabda belonging to four orders (Cypriniformes, Channiformes, Mastacembeliformes, Siluriformes) and five Families (Cyprinidae, Channidae, Nemacheilidaeidae, Mastacembelidae, Siluridae). Cyprinidae was the most dominant family comprised of three species; Barilius pakistanicus, Puntius chola and Crossocheilus diplocheilus. The family Channidae included two species i.e. Channa punctate and Channa gachua while Nemacheilidaeidae, Mastacembelidae and Siluridae were represented by only one species each, Acanthocobitis botia, Mastacembelus armatus and Ompok pabda respectively. It was concluded that Ompok pabda is strictly endangered in River Swat and especially in Garhi Usmani Khel Stream and Meherdy Stream. It is strongly recommended to conserve this species (Ompok pabda).
Molecular and cytogenetic phylogeography of h. malabaricuscmvolcker
Claudio Michael Völcker
Jorge A. Dergam
Molecular and karyotypic phylogeography in the Neotropical Hoplias malabaricus (Erythrinidae) fish in eastern Brazil
Effect of Stocking Density on the Resistance to Fasting, Growth and Survival ...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— After artificial reproduction of African catfish Heterobranchus bidorsalis, larvae of two days old and 2.18 ± 0.35 mg of mean weight were used to perform two experiments in order to assess the effect of stocking density on their fasting resistance, growth and survival. During the first experiment which lasted 11 days with four batches of larvae at densities of 1, 2, 3 and 4 individuals/ml, results showed that density did not significantly affect (p˂0,05) the resistance to fasting of larvae. However, first mortalities were observed at D5 for all the densities, the higher daily mortality was recorded at D10 and the last mortalities were obtained at D12.
Results of the second experiment revealed that the weight and growth performance of larvae decreased with the increasing of the density after 28 days of rearing. In contrast, the larval survival rate increased with the density. The values of survival rate were respectively 30.53 ± 4.32 and 55.30 ± 21.70 % for the densities 1 ind./l and 20 ind./l.
El Profesor Erik Simões, tutor del Área de Medio Ambiente de FUNIBER, ha publicado un trabajo sobre las “Mareas Rojas” en el periódico Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom.
ABSTRACT- Order siluriformes, Bagridae family of four number of catfish species provides information on the diets of
Mystus bleekeri, Mystus cavasius, Mystus tengara, Mystus vittatus in Lower Manair reservoir. The total of 1021 fish
species examined and their stomach content was analyzed. The frequency of occurrence and numerical methods were
employed in this study. In the numerical analysis, crustaceans and insect parts (85.91%) constituted the most important
diet of Mystus bleekeri followed by fish remains (78.40%), plant materials (69.01%), algae/ protozoan (64.79%), molluscs
(63.38%), detritus (56.81%) and sand grains (33.80%). The number of food items were enumerated for the crustaceans
and insect parts in Mystus bleekeri have been contained the maximum percentage (34.84%) of the content under
frequency of occurrence method followed by algae and protozoan with 20.76%, Molluscs with 18.37%, plant materials
with 15.60% and sand grains with 10.44%. The result of the analysis showed that Mystus cavasius, Mystus tengara,
Mystus vittatus fed on similar food items. These were mainly crustaceans, molluscans, fish remains and macrophytes.
Other food items include algae, detritus, sand grains. These four species are omnivorous and occupy the same ecological
niche.
Key-words- Cat fish, Food and feeding, Frequency, Numerical method
I created a mathematical model of the effects of catch-and-release fishing regulations on brook trout population using an Age-structured deterministics population model with 5 cohorts (based on the average lifespan of brook trout which is 5 years) using euler integration step of 1.
Andrew Revkin's 1994 profile of the masterful luthier Linda Manzer. Blending spruce, sweat and sawdust, Linda Manzer builds guitars that
dazzle.
Photos by Peter Sibbald https://petersibbald.visura.co
Linda Manzer:
https://manzer.com
Andy Revkin:
http://j.mp/revkinlinks
In 1985, my editor, Scott DeGarmo, asked me to write a cover story on the future of the automobile - when the future was the Ford Taurus. It's now kind of a museum artifact and I hope you enjoy it and offer feedback.
This is the core of a webinar Andy Revkin conducted with folks at Columbia Climate School to explore how scientists, scholars and others seeking to craft a better human journey can make the most of Twitter even as Elon Musk's purchase disrupts things. We also talked about alternatives, none of which Revkin sees as remotely competing with the capacities Twitter offers for a long time. (It took a decade of relentless programming, regulatory and other work to build the Twitter we know.)
Subscribe to Revkin's Sustain What newsletter and webcasts to engage and drive the conversation further:
https://revkin.substack.com/subscribe #socialmedia #sustainability #climate
This is a fantastic case study and overview showing how businesses can prepare for the hazards around them to cut the scope of impacts - preventing a natural hazard from becoming an unnatural disaster.
It centers on the experience and work of Parsons Manufacturing, a company that suffered a direct hit from an EF-4 tornado in 2004 but avoided any deaths.
Learn more at the company website:
https://www.parsonscompany.com/about/
A #COP26 presentation by Zainab Usman of Carnegie Endowment for International Peace and Katie Auth of Energy for Development, building on this paper: September 28, 2021
REFRAMING CLIMATE JUSTICE FOR DEVELOPMENT: SIX PRINCIPLES FOR SUPPORTING INCLUSIVE AND EQUITABLE ENERGY TRANSITIONS IN LOW-EMITTING ENERGY-POOR AFRICAN COUNTRIES
By Mimi Alemayehou, Katie Auth, Murefu Barasa, Morgan Bazilian, Brad Handler, Uzo Iweala, Todd Moss, Rose Mutiso, Zainab Usman
Advancing inclusive and equitable energy transitions is one of this century’s most vital global challenges, and one in which development finance will play a crucial role. References to justice and equity are widespread in international climate policy, and are increasingly being used by development organizations to guide their own work, including support for energy transitions.
But prevailing definitions of climate justice rarely fully capture the priorities, challenges and perspectives of low-emitting energy-poor countries, the vast majority of which are in sub-Saharan Africa. When applied to development policy, this gap risks prioritizing near-term emissions reductions over broader support for economic development and energy transformation, with comparatively little climate benefit. This could severely hinder poverty alleviation, development, and climate resilience — the very opposite of justice. We need energy transitions that are truly ‘just and inclusive.’ What does this mean for development funders and financiers, and how should it drive their approach to supporting energy transitions in the lowest-income countries?
Rene Dubos was a masterful biologist, Pulitzer-winning essayist and humanist. Read the story behind this essay in Andy Revkin's homage to Dubos here: http://j.mp/despairingoptimist
This is a summary of the three-week international survey of the vaquita refuge in heavily fished waters of the northern Gulf of California of the coast of Mexico's Baja California state. It shows what can be accomplished with a fresh effort in the fall of 2021.
The expedition included scientists and conservationists from Mexico, the United States and Canada.
This chapter on climate change as news, by Andrew Revkin is from "Climate Change: What It Means for Us, Our Children, and Our Grandchildren" - edited by Joseph F. C. DiMento and Pamela Doughman
MIT Press 2007, updated edition, 2014
https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=xsxkAlEAAAAJ&citation_for_view=xsxkAlEAAAAJ:edDO8Oi4QzsC
Alice Bell's new book on the history of climate change knowledge and inaction is fantastic. Some have missed what is NOT in the CIA's 1974 assessment of climate change and security risk. There's no mention of global warming from carbon dioxide. Here's a Guardian excerpt from Alice's book: https://www.theguardian.com/science/2021/jul/05/sixty-years-of-climate-change-warnings-the-signs-that-were-missed-and-ignored
Here's the original CIA document without text recognition: https://www.hsdl.org/?abstract&did=725433
A deep early look at how supercomputer security became a prime concern of the Reagan administration - with climate science in the mix.
More context in Andrew Revkin's prize-winning March 1985 Science Digest article on nuclear winter:
https://www.slideshare.net/Revkin/hard-facts-about-nuclear-winter-1985
And Revkin's investigative report on the vanishing of Vladimir Alexandrov, a high-profile Soviet atmospheric scientist who'd become a fan of American cars and cuisine while visiting NCAR, a mountainside supercomputer lab in Colorado:
http://j.mp/alexandrovmissing
Here are emails showing exchanges between Dr. Will Happer, a senior Trump Administration science and security adviser, and the Heartland Institute -- which has long sought to cast doubt on the enormous body of science pointing to rising dangers from human emissions of climate-warming gases.
The emails were released under a Freedom of Information Act request by the Environmental Defense Fund: http://blogs.edf.org/climate411/files/2019/03/Climate-Review-FOIA-CEQ.pdf
Here's an Associated Press story:
https://www.apnews.com/4ec9affd55a345d582a4cc810686137e
EDF provided this copy to Andrew Revkin.
Here's an excerpt from a 2017 interview Revkin did with Happer for ProPublica: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MSpL5dziylo
A Physicist and Possible Adviser to Trump Describes His Love of Science, and CO2
https://www.propublica.org/article/a-physicist-and-possible-adviser-to-trump-describes-his-love-of-science-co2
More on Happer in National Geographic:
Does the U.S. need a ‘presidential climate security committee’?
A Trump adviser who sees rising CO2 as a good thing wants a panel to review government findings that climate change is a security threat.... https://www.nationalgeographic.com/environment/2019/02/trump-presidential-climate-security-committee/
This was the document leaked to the press this week ahead of a White House meeting assessing whether President Trump should create a committee to assess conclusions about links between global warming and national security.
Some Globo coverage in 1990 from the trial of the Alves family members and associates charged with the assassination of Chico Mendes in December 1988, including an interview with Andrew Revkin, who'd just published The Burning Season, a book chronicling Mendes's life, death and legacy. More: http://bit.ly/revkinmendes
An Island Magazine feature by Andy Revkin provided an intimate look at changes in a Polynesian family and village as modern life intruded in the 1980s.
This cover story on climate change by Andrew Revkin was published in Discover Magazine in October, 1988. For more on the article visit this Dot Earth post: 1988-2008: Climate Then and Now http://nyti.ms/WIvLbH via @dotearth
Make sure to click to the last page, which was the back-cover advertisement that month - for cigarettes.
Shows things can change, sometimes slowly.
And read Andy's reflection on lessons learned in 30 years of climate coverage:
http://j.mp/revkin30yearsclimate
Enhancing LPG Use During Pregnancya collaboration between KEM Health Research Center, Sri Ramachanda University, and University of California, Berkeley
An explanatory presentation provided to ProPublica.org
Lewis Reznik, who spent his adult life as a dentist in Westchester County, New York, had a very different adolescence - on the run between Nazis and Russian troops in Poland as the Holocaust unfolded. This is is remarkable memoir. Lew died in 2013.
I edited the manuscript and helped Lew publish the book.
Please purchase a copy at j.mp/boysholocaust
Share and discuss the book on Facebook: j.mp/boysholocaustFB
Context:
"Royal Dutch Shell in Nigeria: Where Do Responsibilities End?" Journal of Business Ethics, 2015
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10551-014-2142-7
Shell's plans for Nigeria (SPDC subsidiary), 2013: http://www.shell.com/media/news-and-media-releases/2013/spdc-sets-out-its-future-intent-for-nigeria.html
Business & Human Rights Resource Center on two landmark lawsuits:
https://business-humanrights.org/en/shell-lawsuit-re-nigeria-kiobel-wiwa
More from Earth Institute of Columbia University (20)
Welcome to the new Mizzima Weekly !
Mizzima Media Group is pleased to announce the relaunch of Mizzima Weekly. Mizzima is dedicated to helping our readers and viewers keep up to date on the latest developments in Myanmar and related to Myanmar by offering analysis and insight into the subjects that matter. Our websites and our social media channels provide readers and viewers with up-to-the-minute and up-to-date news, which we don’t necessarily need to replicate in our Mizzima Weekly magazine. But where we see a gap is in providing more analysis, insight and in-depth coverage of Myanmar, that is of particular interest to a range of readers.
27052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
ys jagan mohan reddy political career, Biography.pdfVoterMood
Yeduguri Sandinti Jagan Mohan Reddy, often referred to as Y.S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, is an Indian politician who currently serves as the Chief Minister of the state of Andhra Pradesh. He was born on December 21, 1972, in Pulivendula, Andhra Pradesh, to Yeduguri Sandinti Rajasekhara Reddy (popularly known as YSR), a former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh, and Y.S. Vijayamma.
31052024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
role of women and girls in various terror groupssadiakorobi2
Women have three distinct types of involvement: direct involvement in terrorist acts; enabling of others to commit such acts; and facilitating the disengagement of others from violent or extremist groups.
Future Of Fintech In India | Evolution Of Fintech In IndiaTheUnitedIndian
Navigating the Future of Fintech in India: Insights into how AI, blockchain, and digital payments are driving unprecedented growth in India's fintech industry, redefining financial services and accessibility.
03062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
हम आग्रह करते हैं कि जो भी सत्ता में आए, वह संविधान का पालन करे, उसकी रक्षा करे और उसे बनाए रखे।" प्रस्ताव में कुल तीन प्रमुख हस्तक्षेप और उनके तंत्र भी प्रस्तुत किए गए। पहला हस्तक्षेप स्वतंत्र मीडिया को प्रोत्साहित करके, वास्तविकता पर आधारित काउंटर नैरेटिव का निर्माण करके और सत्तारूढ़ सरकार द्वारा नियोजित मनोवैज्ञानिक हेरफेर की रणनीति का मुकाबला करके लोगों द्वारा निर्धारित कथा को बनाए रखना और उस पर कार्यकरना था।
01062024_First India Newspaper Jaipur.pdfFIRST INDIA
Find Latest India News and Breaking News these days from India on Politics, Business, Entertainment, Technology, Sports, Lifestyle and Coronavirus News in India and the world over that you can't miss. For real time update Visit our social media handle. Read First India NewsPaper in your morning replace. Visit First India.
CLICK:- https://firstindia.co.in/
#First_India_NewsPaper
In a May 9, 2024 paper, Juri Opitz from the University of Zurich, along with Shira Wein and Nathan Schneider form Georgetown University, discussed the importance of linguistic expertise in natural language processing (NLP) in an era dominated by large language models (LLMs).
The authors explained that while machine translation (MT) previously relied heavily on linguists, the landscape has shifted. “Linguistics is no longer front and center in the way we build NLP systems,” they said. With the emergence of LLMs, which can generate fluent text without the need for specialized modules to handle grammar or semantic coherence, the need for linguistic expertise in NLP is being questioned.
‘वोटर्स विल मस्ट प्रीवेल’ (मतदाताओं को जीतना होगा) अभियान द्वारा जारी हेल्पलाइन नंबर, 4 जून को सुबह 7 बजे से दोपहर 12 बजे तक मतगणना प्रक्रिया में कहीं भी किसी भी तरह के उल्लंघन की रिपोर्ट करने के लिए खुला रहेगा।
Sea Turtle Expert's Letter to Mexico's President on Net-Driven Mortality
1. Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation
Virginia, Estados Unidos de América, a 8 de junio del 2013.
Día Mundial de los Océanos.
Sr. Presidente Enrique Peña Nieto
Estados Unidos Mexicanos
P R E S E N T E
Asunto: Mortandad de tortuga caguama por pesca incidental
Distinguido Sr. Presidente Peña Nieto:
Me permito escribirle como sudcaliforniano de nacimiento, Director Ejecutivo de la Smithsonian-Mason
School of Conservation, director del Mason Center for Conservation Studies y Profesor Asociado en el
Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Políticas de George Mason University, para externar
preocupación en torno al problema de la captura incidental de tortuga amarilla del Pacífico Norte (Caretta
caretta).
Su servidor cuenta con amplia experiencia en el tema. He trabajado con tortugas marinas desde 1990 en
muchas partes del mundo y soy experto en salud y enfermedades de tortugas marinas. He dirigido un
programa de conservación de tortugas marinas en EcoHealth Alliance (antes conocido como Wildlife
Trust) en varios países. Recibí el grado de Médico Veterinario Zootecnista de la Universidad Autónoma
del Estado de México, Maestro en Ciencias y Doctor en Filosofía de Colorado State University.
Los objetivos de uno de mis proyectos han sido evaluar la mortalidad regional de tortuga amarilla con
monitoreos sistemáticos en Playa San Lázaro, B.C.S. (índice a largo plazo de 50 km playa) así como
documentar todos los varamientos y colectar muestras de huesos, hígado, piel y contenido estomacal de
carcajes. También trabajamos durante varios años con las tortugas amarillas para determinar su estado
de salud a través de rodeos y captura de tortugas vivas tomando muestras de sangre, piel, lesiones
incluyendo fibropapilomas e isopos cloacales, y orofaringeos con el fin de analizar su hematología,
bioquímicas sanguíneas y análisis parasitarios.
Durante más de una década hemos trabajado con pescadores locales, oficiales de gobierno y otros
expertos en conservación de tortugas amarillas e investigación participativa. Hemos empleado hasta 15
embarcaciones de los pescadores para evaluar y comparar la captura de peces dirigida y la captura
incidental de tortugas. Todas estas investigaciones muestran que en Playa San Lázaro se presentan
cifras exorbitantes de tortugas amarillas varadas (mas de 5000 tortugas varadas en una década que
representa la cifra más alta documentada a nivel mundial).
Con todo el trabajo que tengo como investigador en el área, me he dado a la tarea de seguir el tema en
los medios de comunicación, en particular he leído con atención los comunicados de prensa emitidos por
Conapesca http://www.conapesca.sagarpa.gob.mx/wb/cona/05_de_mayo_de_2013_mazatlan_sin_ el 5 de mayo
del presente así como el de la Presidencia de la República http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/articulos-
prensa/fortalecen-acciones-para-la-conservacion-y-proteccion-de-la-tortuga-amarilla-en-bcs/ en donde se dice
desconocer las causas de la mortalidad de la tortuga amarilla del Pacífico (Caretta caretta). También, he
estado al tanto de las repentinas y diversas hipótesis que se han señalado como posibles causas de la
mortandad, y del comité científico que recién se conformó para evaluarlas.
Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation
1500 Remount Road
Front Royal, VA, 22630
Phone: 540.635.0461 | Email: aaguirr3@gmu.edu
2. 2
Al respecto quisiera expresarle con toda certeza que en -hasta la fecha no ha habido evidencia científica
del efecto negativo de biotoxinas sobre las tortugas marinas-, y que el proponer nuevas hipótesis no
hacen más que reafirmar que los gobiernos federal y estatal están ignorando años de
investigaciones publicadas en revistas de referencia de alto impacto donde fue documentada la
pesca incidental de tortugas amarillas como la principal causa de mortandad: Es lamentable que incluso
se desconozca el mismo reporte del INAPESCA sobre sus investigaciones de artes de pesca el verano
pasado en el sitio en mención.
Por lo anterior, me permito enviarle la lista de publicaciones y presentaciones profesionales que
confirman mis puntos anteriores y en los cuales he participado con académicos como Susan Hayhurst
Tufts University Cummings Veterinary School, Grafton MA USA (hematología y bioquímicas sanguíneas),
Iga Stasiak University of Guelph Guelph Canada (patología, hematología, evaluaciones clínicas e
histopatología), Mónica Ayala CICIMAR La Paz BCS Mexico (epibiontes de tortuga amarilla), Ruth Ochoa
CICIMAR La Paz BCS Mexico (dieta de tortugas marinas), Natalia Rossi Columbia University New York
NY USA (estado reproductivo y evaluaciones de salud), Maria Wochokowski Duke University Beaufort
NC USA (interacciones pesqueras), Yosvani Moncada CIP La Habana Cuba (ecología de pastos y algas
marinas), Carmen Valle UNAM Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas (immunologia, salud y
enfermedades), Eduardo Resendiz UNAM Departmento de Ecologia (salud, enfermedades y capacidad
local de comunidades pesqueras), Hoyt Peckham Stanford University CA USA (pesca incidental), Kalyn
Bickerman Columbia University New York USA (edad de tortugas amarillas usando esqueletocronologia),
Cesar Ley, CIIDIR IPN Guasave Sinaloa (metales pesados en tortugas marinas), Alan Zavala
Norzagaray CIIDIR IPN Guasave Sinaloa (ecología y manejo de tortugas en el noroeste de Mexico), J.
Wallace Nichols, California Academy of Sciences CA USA (conservación y política ambiental y Layne
Bolen Pankratz George Mason University (ecología de pastos marinos y su relación con tortuga amarilla)
entre otros.
Finalmente le solicito atentamente, en nombre de todos los científicos y estudiantes citados, que
considere lo hecho, y nos ponemos a su disposición para ayudar en la búsqueda de soluciones al
problema multicitado, en el entendido que en 2010 se desarrollaron a nivel piloto unas pruebas de artes
de pesca alternativas a las redes de fondo, proyecto que desafortunadamente no contó con el apoyo
gubernamental, a pesar de que participaron alrededor de 20 embarcaciones de los pescadores
tradicionales que utilizan redes en la zona de las 23 brazas y al participar ese verano en el programa de
pesca con líneas y anzuelos se logro que en ese año se redujera la tasa de varamientos hasta en un
60% con relación a los datos históricos.
Ciencia y resultados basados en colaboraciones solo muestran el camino a seguir. Sin más por el
momento, esperando recibir su respuesta no dude en comunicarse conmigo, Atentamente
A. Alonso Aguirre D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D.
Executive Director
cc. Ing. Juan José Guerra Abud, Titular de la SEMARNAT
Sr. Mario Aguilar Sánchez, Comisionado Nacional de CONAPESCA
Mtro. Luis Fueyo Mac Donald, Titular de la CONANP
Sr. Marcos Covarrubias Villaseñor, Gobernador de Baja California Sur
3. 3
Referencias
Aguirre, AA, H Peckham, I Stasiak, S Hayhurst, V de la Toba, A Zavala-Norzagaray, N Rossi, and TR Spraker.
(2011). Baseline health parameters of clinically healthy and pathological evaluation of stranded pacific
loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) impacted by small-scale fisheries in Baja California Sur, Mexico. 31st
Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation: The Next Generation of Research and
Conservation, 12-15 April, San Diego, California.
Aguirre AA, SC Gardner, JC.Marsh, SG Delgado, CJ Limpus and WJ Nichols. (2006). Hazards associated with the
consumption of sea turtle meat and eggs: a review for health care workers and the general public.
EcoHealth 3(3):141-153.
Allen CD, Lemons GE, Eguchi T, LeRoux RA, Fahy CC, Dutton PH, Peckham SH, Seminoff JA (2013) Stable
isotope analysis reveals migratory origin of loggerhead turtles in the Southern California Bight. MEPS 472:
275-285.
Conant TA, Dutton PH, Eguchi T, Epperly SP, Fahy CC, Godfrey MH, MacPherson SL, Possardt EE, Schroeder
BA, Seminoff JA (2009) Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) 2009 status review under the US
Endangered Species Act. Report of the Biological Review Team to the National Marine Fisheries Service
Gardner SC, Nichols WJ (2001) Assessment of sea turtle mortality rates in the Bahía Magdalena region, Baja
California Sur, México. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4: 197-199
Gilman E, Gearhart J, Price B, Eckert S, Milliken H, Wang J, Swimmer Y, Shiode D, Abe O, Peckham SH (2009)
Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries. Fish and Fisheries doi 10.1111/j.1467-
2979.2009.00342.x
INAPESCA (2012) Evaluacion biotecnologica de artes de pesca alternativas en la pesqueria ribereña del Golfo de
Ulloa B.C.S. para evitar la captura incidental de especies no objetivo. Instituto Nacional de Pesca,
Dirección General Adjunta de Investigación Pesquera
Koch V, Nichols WJ, Peckham SH, de la Toba V (2006) Estimates of sea turtle mortality from poaching and
bycatch in Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Biological Conservation 128: 327-334
Koch V, Peckham SH, Mancini A, Eguchi T (2013) Estimating at-sea mortality of marine turtles from stranding
frequencies and drifter experiments. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56776 doi doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056776
Ley-Quiñonez C, Zavala-Norzagara A, Espinosa-Carreon TL, Peckham SH, Marquez-Herrera C, Campos-Villegas
L, Aguirre AA (2011) Baseline heavy metals and metalloid values in blood of loggerhead turtles (Caretta
caretta) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62: 1979-1983
Maldonado D, Peckham SH, Nichols WJ (2006) Reducing the Bycatch of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in
Baja California Sur: Experimental Modification of Gillnets for Fishing Halibut. In: Kinan I (ed) Second
Western Pacific Sea Turtle Cooperative Research and Management Workshop Western Pacific Regional
Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, HI, pp 59-68
Mancini A, Koch V, Seminoff JA, Madon B (2012) Small-scale gill-net fisheries cause massive green turtle
Chelonia mydas mortality in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Oryx 1: 1-9
Nichols WJ (2003) Biology and conservation of sea turtles in Baja California, Mexico. PhD Dissertation. School of
Renewable Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
Nichols WJ, Resendiz A, Seminoff JA, Resendiz B (2000) Transpacific migration of a loggerhead turtle monitored
by satellite telemetry. Bulletin of Marine Science 67: 937-947
NMFS (2007) NMFS and USFWS 5-year status review for the loggerhead sea turtle as listed under the Endangered
Species Act of 1973. In: NMFS N, US Department of Commerce and USFWS, Department of the Interior.
NMFS, USFWS (2011) Determination of Nine Distinct Population Segments of Loggerhead Sea Turtles as
Endangered or Threatened. US Federal Register, pp 58868-58952
Peckham SH, Maldonado D, Walli A, Ruiz G, Nichols WJ, Crowder L (2007) Small-scale fisheries bycatch
jeopardizes endangered Pacific loggerhead turtles. PLoS One 2(10) doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0001041
Peckham SH, Maldonado-Diaz D, Koch V, Mancini A, Gaos A, Tinker MT, Nichols WJ (2008) High mortality of
loggerhead turtles due to bycatch, human consumption and strandings at Baja California Sur, Mexico,
2003-7. Endangered Species Research 5: 171-183 doi 10.3354/esr00123
Peckham SH, Maldonado-Diaz D, Tremblay Y, Ochoa R, Polovina J, Balazs G, Dutton PH, Nichols WJ (2011)
Demographic implications of alternative foraging strategies in juvenile loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta of
the North Pacific Ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 425: 269-280 doi 10.3354/meps08995
Ramirez-Cruz JC, Ramirez IP, Flores DV (1991) Distribución y abundancia de la tortuga perica en la costa
occidental de Baja California Sur, Mexico. Archelon 1: 1-4
4. 4
Ramírez-Rodríguez M, Ojeda-Ruíz MÅ (2011) Spatial management of small-scale fisheries on the west coast of
Baja California Sur, Mexico. Marine Policy
Reséndiz E, C Valle, H Peckham, A Zavala, AL Sandoval, V De la Toba and AA Aguirre. (2009) Interdisciplinary
research project in conservation medicine of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in Puerto Adolfo Lopez
Mateos, Baja California Sur –Preliminary data. 1st
Disease Ecology and Conservation Medicine Congress,
4-6 November, Kalaan Kab, UNAM, Universidad Veracruzana and Wildlife Trust, Veracruz, Mexico
Romero V, LD Soriano, AL Sandoval, J Bravo, L Aguilar, H Peckam, M Olivera, M Harfush, HM Zepeda-Lopez
and AA Aguirre. (2008). Sea turtle fibropapillomatosis in Mexico: Is it a viral etiology? Proceedings of
the Twenty-Eight Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. 18-26 January, Loreto,
Baja California, Mexico, no. 42
Rossi NA, H Peckham, V de la Toba, R Ochoa, E Flores, AA Aguirre, and WJ Nichols (2008) Size distribution and
reproductive status of loggerhead turtles at Baja California Sur, Mexico. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eight
Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. 18-26 January, Loreto, Baja California,
Mexico, no. 213
Rossi NA, SE Hayhurst, SH Peckam, V De la Toba, R Ochoa, E Flores, WJ Nichols, and AA Aguirre. (2009).
Assessing the health of loggerhead sea turltes in Playa San Lazaro, Bahia Magdalena, Mexico. Milstein
Science Symposium: Exploring the dynamic relationship between health and the environment. 2-3 April,
Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, poster
abstracts pp. 18.
Seminoff JA, Resendiz A, Resendiz B, Nichols WJ (2004) Occurrence of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in
the Gulf of California, Mexico: Evidence of life-history variation in the Pacific Ocean. Herpetological
Review 35: 24-27
Wallace BP, Kot CY, DiMatteo AD, Lee T, Crowder LB, Lewison RL (2013) Impacts of fisheries bycatch on
marine turtle populations worldwide: toward conservation and research priorities. Ecosphere 4: 40-49
Wingfield D, Peckham SH, Foley DG, Palacios DM, Lavaniegos BE, Durazo R, Nichois WJ, Croll DA, Bograd SJ
(2011) The making of a predator hotspot in the coastal ocean. PLOS One 6(11): e27874 doi
10.1371/journal.pone.0027874
Zavala-Norzagaray, A., C. E. Hart, A. Canizales-Roman, P. Aguilar-Claussell, C. P. Ley-Quiñones, and A. A.
Aguirre. (2013). First record of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Sinaloa, Gulf of California,
Mexico. 33rd
Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, 2-8 February, Baltimore,
Maryland, USA.
5. Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation
1500 Remount Road
Front Royal, VA, 22630
Phone: 540.635.0461 | Email: aaguirr3@gmu.edu
Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation
Virginia, United States of America, 8 June 2013.
World Oceans Day.
Mr. Presidente Enrique Peña Nieto
Mexican United States
P R E S E N T
Subject: Loggerhead sea turtle mortality due to fisheries bycatch
Dear Mr. President Peña Nieto:
Please allow me to write to you as a native of Baja California, Executive Director of the Smithsonian-
Mason School of Conservation, Director of the Mason Center for Conservation Studies, and Associate
Professor in the Environmental Sciences Department at George Mason University, to express my
concern about the problems associated with the incidental capture of North Pacific loggerhead sea turtles
(Caretta caretta).
Over the past decades I have acquired much experience with this theme. I have worked with sea turtles
since 1990 en many parts of the world and I am an expert in health of and diseases in sea turtles. I have
directed a sea turtle conservation program at EcoHealth Alliance (formerly Wildlife Trust) in various
countries. I received my Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree from Universidad Autonoma del Estado de
Mexico and Masters of Science and Doctorate degrees from Colorado State University.
The objective of one of my projects has been to evaluate the regional mortality of loggerhead sea turtles
through systematic monitoring at Playa San Lázaro, B.C.S. (a 50 km-long beach), to document all
strandings and collect samples of bone, liver, skin, and stomach contents from the carcasses. We have
also worked for several years with live turtles captured at sea to determine their health status, taking
blood samples, skin samples, oral and cloacal swabs, and investigating lesions, tumors like
fibropapilloma with the goal of analyzing their hematology, plasma biochemistry and parasite loads.
For more than a decade we have worked collaboratively with local fishers, government officials, and other
experts in the conservation and investigation of loggerhead turtles. We have employed as many as fifteen
local fishing vessels to evaluate and compare various types of fishing gear relative to the incidental
capture of sea turtles.
All of these investigations demonstrate that at Playa San Lázaro there are exorbitantly high numbers of
stranded loggerhead turtles (more than 5000 turtles stranded in one decade representing the highest
documented levels in the world).
With al of the work experience I have as a specialist in my area of expertise I have taken on the task of
following the reports on this matter in the media, and I have read with particular attention the press
releases issued on May 5th of this year by CONAPESCA
http://www.conapesca.sagarpa.gob.mx/wb/cona/05_de_mayo_de_2013_mazatlan_sin_ as well as those
from you http://www.presidencia.gob.mx/articulos-prensa/fortalecen-acciones-para-la-conservacion-y-
proteccion-de-la-tortuga-amarilla-en-bcs/ in which it’s stated that the causes of mortality of the Pacific
loggerhead turtle (Caretta caretta) are unknown. Also, I have also been aware of the various hypotheses
that have been identified and proposed as possible causes of death, and that scientific committee
recently was formed to evaluate them.
6. 2
In regard to these reports I would like to express with absolute certainty that to date there has been no
scientific evidence of the negative effect of biotoxins on these marine turtles. The proposed new
hypotheses do nothing but reaffirm that federal and state governments are ignoring years of research
published in high impact refereed journals which have documented fisheries bycatch of loggerheads as
the main cause of death. It is unfortunate that even the government’s own reports on the research
conducted by INAPESCA last summer at the site in question remain unmentioned.
In reference to the above shortcomings, I would like to send you the publications listed below, in which I
participated with fellow academics along with professional presentations that confirm my previous points,
including Susan Hayhurst Tufts University Cummings Veterinary School, Grafton MA USA (hematology y
and blood biochemistry), Iga Stasiak University of Guelph Guelph Canada (pathology, hematology,
clinical evaluations of histopathology), Mónica Ayala CICIMAR La Paz BCS Mexico (loggerhead turtle
epibionts), Ruth Ochoa CICIMAR La Paz BCS Mexico (sea turtle diet), Natalia Rossi Columbia University
New York NY USA (reproductive and health status), Maria Wochokowski Duke University Beaufort NC
USA (fisheries interactions), Yosvani Moncada CIP La Habana Cuba (seagrass and algae ecology),
Carmen Valle UNAM Departamento de Ciencias Biomedicas (immunology, health and disease), Eduardo
Resendiz UNAM Departmento de Ecologia (health, disease and local fishing community capacity
building), Hoyt Peckham Stanford University CA USA (fisheries bycatch), J. Wallace Nichols, California
Academy of Sciences CA, USA (conservation and advocacy), Kalyn Bickerman Columbia University New
York USA (use of skeletochronology to age loggerhead turtles), Cesar Ley CIIDIR IPN Guasave Sinaloa
(heavy metals in sea turtles), Alan Zavala Norzagaray CIIDIR IPN Guasave Sinaloa (ecology and
management of sea turtles in northwest Mexico), and Layne Bolen Pankratz George Mason University
(seagrass ecology and its relation to loggerhead turtles) among others.
Finally I sincerely offer, on behalf of all of the scientists and students cited, that you please consider the
vast amount and range of work that has already been completed as a solution is developed and consider
that we are at your disposal to assist in finding solutions to the mentioned bycatch problem.
In summer 2010 we developed a pilot project to test alternative fishing gear to the problematic bottom-set
nets. The project unfortunately did not receive government support, although it involved some 20
traditional fishing boats and local leaders, who previously used the high-impact nets and fished in the 23
fathom hotspot area. These fishers participated in the alternative program with lines and hooks and the
results achieved in that year reduced stranding rates up to 60% compared to the historical data.
Collaborative, science and results-based, approaches like these offer the best path forward. Looking
forward to hearing from you. Please do not hesitate to contact me.
Best regards,
A. Alonso Aguirre D.V.M., M.S., Ph.D.
Executive Director
cc. Ing. Juan José Guerra Abud, Titular de la SEMARNAT
Sr. Mario Aguilar Sánchez, Comisionado Nacional de CONAPESCA
Mtro. Luis Fueyo Mac Donald, Titular de la CONANP
Sr. Marcos Covarrubias Villaseñor, Gobernador de Baja California Sur
7. 3
References
Aguirre, AA, H Peckham, I Stasiak, S Hayhurst, V de la Toba, A Zavala-Norzagaray, N Rossi, and TR Spraker.
(2011). Baseline health parameters of clinically healthy and pathological evaluation of stranded pacific
loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) impacted by small-scale fisheries in Baja California Sur, Mexico. 31st
Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation: The Next Generation of Research and
Conservation, 12-15 April, San Diego, California.
Aguirre AA, SC Gardner, JC.Marsh, SG Delgado, CJ Limpus and WJ Nichols. (2006). Hazards associated with the
consumption of sea turtle meat and eggs: a review for health care workers and the general public.
EcoHealth 3(3):141-153.
Allen CD, Lemons GE, Eguchi T, LeRoux RA, Fahy CC, Dutton PH, Peckham SH, Seminoff JA (2013) Stable
isotope analysis reveals migratory origin of loggerhead turtles in the Southern California Bight. MEPS 472:
275-285.
Conant TA, Dutton PH, Eguchi T, Epperly SP, Fahy CC, Godfrey MH, MacPherson SL, Possardt EE, Schroeder
BA, Seminoff JA (2009) Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta) 2009 status review under the US
Endangered Species Act. Report of the Biological Review Team to the National Marine Fisheries Service
Gardner SC, Nichols WJ (2001) Assessment of sea turtle mortality rates in the Bahía Magdalena region, Baja
California Sur, México. Chelonian Conservation and Biology 4: 197-199
Gilman E, Gearhart J, Price B, Eckert S, Milliken H, Wang J, Swimmer Y, Shiode D, Abe O, Peckham SH (2009)
Mitigating sea turtle by-catch in coastal passive net fisheries. Fish and Fisheries doi 10.1111/j.1467-
2979.2009.00342.x
INAPESCA (2012) Evaluacion biotecnologica de artes de pesca alternativas en la pesqueria ribereña del Golfo de
Ulloa B.C.S. para evitar la captura incidental de especies no objetivo. Instituto Nacional de Pesca,
Dirección General Adjunta de Investigación Pesquera
Koch V, Nichols WJ, Peckham SH, de la Toba V (2006) Estimates of sea turtle mortality from poaching and
bycatch in Bahia Magdalena, Baja California Sur, Mexico. Biological Conservation 128: 327-334
Koch V, Peckham SH, Mancini A, Eguchi T (2013) Estimating at-sea mortality of marine turtles from stranding
frequencies and drifter experiments. PLoS ONE 8(2): e56776 doi doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0056776
Ley-Quiñonez C, Zavala-Norzagara A, Espinosa-Carreon TL, Peckham SH, Marquez-Herrera C, Campos-Villegas
L, Aguirre AA (2011) Baseline heavy metals and metalloid values in blood of loggerhead turtles (Caretta
caretta) from Baja California Sur, Mexico. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62: 1979-1983
Maldonado D, Peckham SH, Nichols WJ (2006) Reducing the Bycatch of Loggerhead Turtles (Caretta caretta) in
Baja California Sur: Experimental Modification of Gillnets for Fishing Halibut. In: Kinan I (ed) Second
Western Pacific Sea Turtle Cooperative Research and Management Workshop Western Pacific Regional
Fishery Management Council, Honolulu, HI, pp 59-68
Mancini A, Koch V, Seminoff JA, Madon B (2012) Small-scale gill-net fisheries cause massive green turtle
Chelonia mydas mortality in Baja California Sur, Mexico. Oryx 1: 1-9
Nichols WJ (2003) Biology and conservation of sea turtles in Baja California, Mexico. PhD Dissertation. School of
Renewable Resources, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ USA
Nichols WJ, Resendiz A, Seminoff JA, Resendiz B (2000) Transpacific migration of a loggerhead turtle monitored
by satellite telemetry. Bulletin of Marine Science 67: 937-947
NMFS (2007) NMFS and USFWS 5-year status review for the loggerhead sea turtle as listed under the Endangered
Species Act of 1973. In: NMFS N, US Department of Commerce and USFWS, Department of the Interior.
NMFS, USFWS (2011) Determination of Nine Distinct Population Segments of Loggerhead Sea Turtles as
Endangered or Threatened. US Federal Register, pp 58868-58952
Peckham SH, Maldonado D, Walli A, Ruiz G, Nichols WJ, Crowder L (2007) Small-scale fisheries bycatch
jeopardizes endangered Pacific loggerhead turtles. PLoS One 2(10) doi 10.1371/journal.pone.0001041
Peckham SH, Maldonado-Diaz D, Koch V, Mancini A, Gaos A, Tinker MT, Nichols WJ (2008) High mortality of
loggerhead turtles due to bycatch, human consumption and strandings at Baja California Sur, Mexico,
2003-7. Endangered Species Research 5: 171-183 doi 10.3354/esr00123
8. 4
Peckham SH, Maldonado-Diaz D, Tremblay Y, Ochoa R, Polovina J, Balazs G, Dutton PH, Nichols WJ (2011)
Demographic implications of alternative foraging strategies in juvenile loggerhead turtles Caretta caretta of
the North Pacific Ocean. Mar Ecol Prog Ser 425: 269-280 doi 10.3354/meps08995
Ramirez-Cruz JC, Ramirez IP, Flores DV (1991) Distribución y abundancia de la tortuga perica en la costa
occidental de Baja California Sur, Mexico. Archelon 1: 1-4
Ramírez-Rodríguez M, Ojeda-Ruíz MÅ (2011) Spatial management of small-scale fisheries on the west coast of
Baja California Sur, Mexico. Marine Policy
Reséndiz E, C Valle, H Peckham, A Zavala, AL Sandoval, V De la Toba and AA Aguirre. (2009) Interdisciplinary
research project in conservation medicine of loggerhead turtles (Caretta caretta) in Puerto Adolfo Lopez
Mateos, Baja California Sur –Preliminary data. 1st
Disease Ecology and Conservation Medicine Congress,
4-6 November, Kalaan Kab, UNAM, Universidad Veracruzana and Wildlife Trust, Veracruz, Mexico
Romero V, LD Soriano, AL Sandoval, J Bravo, L Aguilar, H Peckam, M Olivera, M Harfush, HM Zepeda-Lopez
and AA Aguirre. (2008). Sea turtle fibropapillomatosis in Mexico: Is it a viral etiology? Proceedings of
the Twenty-Eight Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. 18-26 January, Loreto,
Baja California, Mexico, no. 42
Rossi NA, H Peckham, V de la Toba, R Ochoa, E Flores, AA Aguirre, and WJ Nichols (2008) Size distribution and
reproductive status of loggerhead turtles at Baja California Sur, Mexico. Proceedings of the Twenty-Eight
Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation. 18-26 January, Loreto, Baja California,
Mexico, no. 213
Rossi NA, SE Hayhurst, SH Peckam, V De la Toba, R Ochoa, E Flores, WJ Nichols, and AA Aguirre. (2009).
Assessing the health of loggerhead sea turltes in Playa San Lazaro, Bahia Magdalena, Mexico. Milstein
Science Symposium: Exploring the dynamic relationship between health and the environment. 2-3 April,
Center for Biodiversity and Conservation, American Museum of Natural History, New York, poster
abstracts pp. 18.
Seminoff JA, Resendiz A, Resendiz B, Nichols WJ (2004) Occurrence of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in
the Gulf of California, Mexico: Evidence of life-history variation in the Pacific Ocean. Herpetological
Review 35: 24-27
Wallace BP, Kot CY, DiMatteo AD, Lee T, Crowder LB, Lewison RL (2013) Impacts of fisheries bycatch on
marine turtle populations worldwide: toward conservation and research priorities. Ecosphere 4: 40-49
Wingfield D, Peckham SH, Foley DG, Palacios DM, Lavaniegos BE, Durazo R, Nichois WJ, Croll DA, Bograd SJ
(2011) The making of a predator hotspot in the coastal ocean. PLOS One 6(11): e27874 doi
10.1371/journal.pone.0027874
Zavala-Norzagaray, A., C. E. Hart, A. Canizales-Roman, P. Aguilar-Claussell, C. P. Ley-Quiñones, and A. A.
Aguirre. (2013). First record of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) in Sinaloa, Gulf of California,
Mexico. 33rd
Annual Symposium on Sea Turtle Biology and Conservation, 2-8 February, Baltimore,
Maryland, USA.