The document summarizes a study on factors affecting trout protection in Kumrat Valley, Dir (U) KPK, Pakistan. It found that over 50% of respondents believed the local community considers threats to trout, while over 70% felt the community has a positive attitude toward protection. Nearly 80% stated pesticides used in agriculture harm trout. Over 60% agreed the community uses harmful hunting methods like electricity and dynamite. The study concluded there is a significant relationship between positive community perceptions and trout protection. It recommended increasing community awareness and training, as well as government support for trout production, protection policies, and market access to promote conservation.
The Roles of Women in Fish Processing Activities in Some Local Government Are...BRNSS Publication Hub
Fish processing activities in some communities of Rivers State were investigated to determine the
role of women in its development and sustainability. Fifty structured questionnaires were randomly
distributed in five communities (10 per community) across three local government areas of the state.
The results from the study indicated that most of the respondents are young and married women. They
are actively involved in fish processing activities in combination with fishing. The women had between
6 and 10 years of experience in fish processing. In the study area, women utilized smoking as major
processing methods, with mullets, sardine, and tilapia as major species processed by the women. Fish
processing in these communities is done mostly by smoking using a locally made kiln which can dry a
lot of fish at a time. Occupational hazards associated with fish processing include skin rashes, redness
of the eye, offensive body odor, and bruises. Moreover, insufficient capital, lack of modern processing
facilities, poor storage facilities, and scarcity in fish supply have been identified as major constraints
facing women involvement in processing activities in these communities. There is, therefore, the need
to empower the women fish processors in these areas through granting of loans and credit facilities,
capacity building, introduction of improved fish processing equipment, and storage facilities. These will
go a long way in enhancing fish production, improve their livelihood, and boost socioeconomic status of
these women processors in the study areas
The Influence Of Socio-Economic Characteristics on Consumers’ Preference on F...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer’s preference on fish purchase in Yola North local government area of Adamawa state. Data from the study were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire administered randomly to 100 consumers out of which 99 were retrieved. Multiple Regressions was used as a tool to examine the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer preference on fish purchase. The result of the study revealed that majority of the consumers who prefer fish were between the ages of 41-50; 48.48% were males, 51.52%were females. Majority (78.79%) of consumers were married. The results further revealed that the consumers had attended one form of formal education or the other. 21.2%had secondary education, 77.8% had tertiary education, while 1.0% had other form education. Analysis of the consumers’ household size revealed that 44.4% were found to be between 4-6 persons. An analysis of consumers’ preference for fish was found in the study. Results revealed that 16.2% purchased their fish from wholesalers, 76.8% from retailers and 5% from importers. 2% purchase from other source. Most of the fish purchased were both fresh and smoked fish (47.5%). Results also showed that the average monthly income of the consumers were 58.6% (51,000>) and 67.7% of the consumers like at least very much to eat fish. The regression analysis gave an R2 of 88.01% and the independent variable X1 (Age), X3 (educational level), X4 (income) and X5 (household size) were positively significant and affect the amount spent on fish. The study also revealed that income, availability of fish and good storage facility were factors limiting consumers’ preference for fish in the study area. Recommendations on the study was that infrastructural facilities should be made available, and fish farmers should be supported by providing them with some incentives to encourage them to produce more to meet the increasing demand of the teeming population.
The Roles of Women in Fish Processing Activities in Some Local Government Are...BRNSS Publication Hub
Fish processing activities in some communities of Rivers State were investigated to determine the
role of women in its development and sustainability. Fifty structured questionnaires were randomly
distributed in five communities (10 per community) across three local government areas of the state.
The results from the study indicated that most of the respondents are young and married women. They
are actively involved in fish processing activities in combination with fishing. The women had between
6 and 10 years of experience in fish processing. In the study area, women utilized smoking as major
processing methods, with mullets, sardine, and tilapia as major species processed by the women. Fish
processing in these communities is done mostly by smoking using a locally made kiln which can dry a
lot of fish at a time. Occupational hazards associated with fish processing include skin rashes, redness
of the eye, offensive body odor, and bruises. Moreover, insufficient capital, lack of modern processing
facilities, poor storage facilities, and scarcity in fish supply have been identified as major constraints
facing women involvement in processing activities in these communities. There is, therefore, the need
to empower the women fish processors in these areas through granting of loans and credit facilities,
capacity building, introduction of improved fish processing equipment, and storage facilities. These will
go a long way in enhancing fish production, improve their livelihood, and boost socioeconomic status of
these women processors in the study areas
The Influence Of Socio-Economic Characteristics on Consumers’ Preference on F...Agriculture Journal IJOEAR
Abstract— The study examined the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer’s preference on fish purchase in Yola North local government area of Adamawa state. Data from the study were obtained using a well-structured questionnaire administered randomly to 100 consumers out of which 99 were retrieved. Multiple Regressions was used as a tool to examine the influence of socio-economic characteristics on consumer preference on fish purchase. The result of the study revealed that majority of the consumers who prefer fish were between the ages of 41-50; 48.48% were males, 51.52%were females. Majority (78.79%) of consumers were married. The results further revealed that the consumers had attended one form of formal education or the other. 21.2%had secondary education, 77.8% had tertiary education, while 1.0% had other form education. Analysis of the consumers’ household size revealed that 44.4% were found to be between 4-6 persons. An analysis of consumers’ preference for fish was found in the study. Results revealed that 16.2% purchased their fish from wholesalers, 76.8% from retailers and 5% from importers. 2% purchase from other source. Most of the fish purchased were both fresh and smoked fish (47.5%). Results also showed that the average monthly income of the consumers were 58.6% (51,000>) and 67.7% of the consumers like at least very much to eat fish. The regression analysis gave an R2 of 88.01% and the independent variable X1 (Age), X3 (educational level), X4 (income) and X5 (household size) were positively significant and affect the amount spent on fish. The study also revealed that income, availability of fish and good storage facility were factors limiting consumers’ preference for fish in the study area. Recommendations on the study was that infrastructural facilities should be made available, and fish farmers should be supported by providing them with some incentives to encourage them to produce more to meet the increasing demand of the teeming population.
Studies on Diversity and Seasonal Variations in Ichthyofauna of Chandrasarova...ijtsrd
The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity of Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Total 23 species from 6 orders, 10 families and 19 genera were recorded during the present study. The range of water parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen alkalinity and hardness were recorded and found suitable for fish production. Dominant family Cyprinidae with 12 species and 08 genera followed by Bagridae with 03 species 02 genera and other all families Claridea, Heteropneustidae, Cichilidae, Channidae, Gobiidae, Belonidae, Mastacembelidae, Poecilidae and Anguilidae contributed single species with single genera. Regarding conservation status out of 23 fish species 21 species least concern and 2 species near threaten. During month of December post monsoon highest fish diversity was found. Seasonal diversity indices such as Shannon Wiener species diversity, Pielou’s evenness, Margalef’s species richness, were calculated based on the abundance of fish species to access the ecosystem health of Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar. These studies will be help for the maintenance and regulation of Ichthyofauna and other aquatic ecosystem of the Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan Arjumand Qureshi "Studies on Diversity and Seasonal Variations in Ichthyofauna of Chandrasarovar Pond of Jhalawar (Rajasthan)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43619.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/zoology/43619/studies-on-diversity-and-seasonal-variations-in-ichthyofauna-of-chandrasarovar-pond-of-jhalawar-rajasthan/arjumand-qureshi
This presentation was presented by Meryl Williams, based on the full written report: HLPE, 2014. Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome 2014.(http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/en/).
This report addresses a frequently overlooked but extremely important part of world food and nutrition security: the role and importance of fish in seeking food and nutrition security for all. Fisheries and aquaculture have often been arbitrarily separated from other parts of the food and agricultural systems in food security studies, debates and policy-making.
The report presents a synthesis of existing evidence regarding the complex pathways between fisheries and aquaculture and food and nutrition security, including the environmental, economic and social dimensions, as well as issues related to governance. It provides insights on what needs to be done to achieve sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in order to strengthen their positive impact on food and nutrition security.
The ambition of this compact yet comprehensive report is to help the international community to share and understand the wide spectrum of issues that make fisheries and aquaculture such an important part of efforts to assure food security for all.
Important fish migrations take place in the Lower Mekong River of Southern Lao PDR during the dry and wet season months. The riparian communities are aware of these movements and target a large number of species using a wide range of fishing gear. The objectives of the research were to identify the main migratory species, the timing, fish production, direction, purpose, main influencing factors and the change in magnitude of migration between years. Research into the wet-season movements has been carried out from 2007 to 2013 in one rocky channel (Hoo Som Yai) at the Great Fault Line (Khong district) with supported by Fisheries Program of Mekong River Commision (MRC). The Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) data were recorded directly from fishers operating the Lee traps and measured water flow in Hoo Som Yai from late May to the end of September each year. The data were collected in wet season from 2007 to 2013 showed the main wet season migrants come from the families, Pangasidae, Siluridae catfish and Cyprinidae. The white fish were the dominant species that passed to this channel and follow by grey fish. A few black fish were also captured.
Studies on Diversity and Seasonal Variations in Ichthyofauna of Chandrasarova...ijtsrd
The present study deals with ichthyofaunal diversity of Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan. Total 23 species from 6 orders, 10 families and 19 genera were recorded during the present study. The range of water parameters such as temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen alkalinity and hardness were recorded and found suitable for fish production. Dominant family Cyprinidae with 12 species and 08 genera followed by Bagridae with 03 species 02 genera and other all families Claridea, Heteropneustidae, Cichilidae, Channidae, Gobiidae, Belonidae, Mastacembelidae, Poecilidae and Anguilidae contributed single species with single genera. Regarding conservation status out of 23 fish species 21 species least concern and 2 species near threaten. During month of December post monsoon highest fish diversity was found. Seasonal diversity indices such as Shannon Wiener species diversity, Pielou’s evenness, Margalef’s species richness, were calculated based on the abundance of fish species to access the ecosystem health of Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar. These studies will be help for the maintenance and regulation of Ichthyofauna and other aquatic ecosystem of the Chandrasarovar pond of Jhalawar, Rajasthan Arjumand Qureshi "Studies on Diversity and Seasonal Variations in Ichthyofauna of Chandrasarovar Pond of Jhalawar (Rajasthan)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-4 , June 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.compapers/ijtsrd43619.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.combiological-science/zoology/43619/studies-on-diversity-and-seasonal-variations-in-ichthyofauna-of-chandrasarovar-pond-of-jhalawar-rajasthan/arjumand-qureshi
This presentation was presented by Meryl Williams, based on the full written report: HLPE, 2014. Sustainable fisheries and aquaculture for food security and nutrition. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome 2014.(http://www.fao.org/cfs/cfs-hlpe/reports/en/).
This report addresses a frequently overlooked but extremely important part of world food and nutrition security: the role and importance of fish in seeking food and nutrition security for all. Fisheries and aquaculture have often been arbitrarily separated from other parts of the food and agricultural systems in food security studies, debates and policy-making.
The report presents a synthesis of existing evidence regarding the complex pathways between fisheries and aquaculture and food and nutrition security, including the environmental, economic and social dimensions, as well as issues related to governance. It provides insights on what needs to be done to achieve sustainable fisheries and aquaculture in order to strengthen their positive impact on food and nutrition security.
The ambition of this compact yet comprehensive report is to help the international community to share and understand the wide spectrum of issues that make fisheries and aquaculture such an important part of efforts to assure food security for all.
Important fish migrations take place in the Lower Mekong River of Southern Lao PDR during the dry and wet season months. The riparian communities are aware of these movements and target a large number of species using a wide range of fishing gear. The objectives of the research were to identify the main migratory species, the timing, fish production, direction, purpose, main influencing factors and the change in magnitude of migration between years. Research into the wet-season movements has been carried out from 2007 to 2013 in one rocky channel (Hoo Som Yai) at the Great Fault Line (Khong district) with supported by Fisheries Program of Mekong River Commision (MRC). The Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) data were recorded directly from fishers operating the Lee traps and measured water flow in Hoo Som Yai from late May to the end of September each year. The data were collected in wet season from 2007 to 2013 showed the main wet season migrants come from the families, Pangasidae, Siluridae catfish and Cyprinidae. The white fish were the dominant species that passed to this channel and follow by grey fish. A few black fish were also captured.
Gift your brother’s wife mesmerizing red coral jewelry items on her weddingRed Coral Gemstone
If your brother has got recently married and you are confused that what would be the optimum gift for your bhabhi. Then do not give a second thought and gift her a beautiful red coral gemstone jewelry item such as rings, necklace for an auspicious married life
영화 <어바웃타임>을 통해서 본
행복의 비밀.
명상은 나 자신을 들여다 보게 해줍니다.
어떤 하루를 보냈고 어떻게 살아왔는지
내가 진짜 바라는 행복은 무엇인지,
앞으로 어떻게 살아야 할지 알게 해줍니다.
매일이 소중한 당신과 당신의 2016년을 위해
올겨울, 나를 돌아보세요.
행복한 명상 마음수련
www.MeditationLife.org
www.meditationlife.org
행복한 명상, 마음수련 입니다
명상은 스티브잡스, 오프라 윈프리가 했을 정도로 내면의 힘을 키우는데 큰 도움이 됩니다.
명상을 하면 자기 성찰능력향상, 잡생각이 사라지고, 긍정적인 마음이 커집니다.
즐거운 명상 마음수련은 일상에서 누구나 할 수 있는 생활명상입니다.
마음수련에는 마음을 비우는 명상 방법이 있어
누구나 쉽게 따라할 수 있고 명상효과를 쉽게 체험할 수 있습니다.
마음을 다스리고 스트레스를 줄일 수 있는 마음수련으로 당신을 초대합니다.
the gendered effects of climate variabilitychange on fisher livelihoods and t...ijtsrd
Global warming influences have brought negative climate change consequences on global livelihoods and household food security of the world’s 36 million fisher folks and nearly 1.5 billion consumers who rely on fish for their dietary animal protein. The study concluded that lack of alternative livelihood opportunities options is the major constraints to adaptation for people living in the Lake Victoria region escalated with limitation of skills outside fishing industry, limitation of other employable professional skills including lack of capital. The study recommends a trans disciplinary consientization of adaptive strategies which can translate into flexible and sustainable CCA gender inclusive livelihood activities. Future research should explore participatory action research on environmental influences affecting CCA by comparing findings across other beaches. Robert David Lubalo Onyango | Dr. Christopher Oludhe | Dr. Doris Amwata "The Gendered Effects of Climate Variability/Change on Fisher Livelihoods and the Coping Strategies/Opportunities in Mbita, Homa Bay County, Kenya" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-5 , August 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd33051.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/enviormental-science/33051/the-gendered-effects-of-climate-variabilitychange-on-fisher-livelihoods-and-the-coping-strategiesopportunities-in-mbita-homa-bay-county-kenya/robert-david-lubalo-onyango
Effects of Different Kinds of Fertilizers on Growth and Production of Fishes ...Premier Publishers
The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of different kinds of fertilizers on growth and production of fishes (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Oreochromis niloticus and Cirrhinus cirrhosus) in polyculture for four months in six earthen ponds which were situated at the south-east corner of the Faculty of Fisheries Buildings, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The experiment was carried out under three treatments and each pond was stocked with a total of 60 fingerlings at the rate 60/decimal. Pond nos. 2, 4 were under treatment-I where use of cowdung 10 kg/dec./2 weeks, pond nos. 1, 3 were under the treatment-II where use of TSP of 90g/dec./two weeks and pond nos. 5, 6 were under the treatment-III where use of urea of 60g/dec./two weeks. The average initial length and weight of the fingerlings of silver carp, tilapia and mrigal were 10.52, 10.89 and 14.40cm respectively and 17.92, 30.00 and 46.67g respectively. During the experimental period the ranges of water temperature (14.50 to 24.70 °C), transparency (22.35 to 33.10 cm), dissolved oxygen (6.50 to 8.20 mg/L), pH (6.40 to 8.20), total alkalinity (145.00 to 210.00 mg/L), Free CO2 (1.40 to 3.10 mg/L), phosphate-phosphorus (1.50 to 2.30 mg/L), and nitrate-nitrogen (2.70 to 4.00 mg/L) were found within the productive limit and more or less similar in all the ponds under the treatments-I,II, and III. There were 24 genera of phytoplankton under five major groups and 9 genera of zooplankton under three major groups in the experimental ponds. The calculated gross and net productions, under treatment-I were 1.71 ton/ha/yr and 0.43 ton/ha/yr respectively, under treatment-II were 2.01 ton/ha/yr and 0.72 ton/ha/yr. respectively and under treatment-III were 1.69 ton/ha/yr and 0.41 ton/ha/yr respectively. From the present experiment on fish culture it might be concluded that as single fertilizer TSP is the best fertilizer to be used in fish culture ponds because in treatment-II, net and gross productions were highest than those in treatments I and III.
Contribution of aquaculture on livelihood development of fish farmer at Noakh...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was conducted to assess the contribution of aquaculture on livelihood status of fish farmer at Noakhali sadar upazila. This research work was carried out during the period of February 2013 to July 2013. A total of 50 fish farmers were interviewed with a well-structured questionnaire. The survey revealed that average pond size was 0.48 ha with 40% of the farmers having ponds of single ownership, 20% having ponds of multiple-ownership, 30% having ponds of single lease and 10% having ponds of multiple leases. Poly culture of Indian major carps and exotic carps has been practiced by most of the farmers. Fish fingerlings were stocked from April to June and average stocking density was 12,370 fingerlings/ha. The average fish production cost was Tk 69,870/ha/yr. Although the living condition of the rural fish farmers were poor, livelihood outcomes were found positive and 88% of the farmers have improved their socioeconomic conditions through fish farming. The gross income and net profit were Tk. 1, 06,400 and Tk. 1, 00,000/ha/yr respectively. The average monthly income was in range of BDT 15,000-25,000. Their basic need like food, cloth, house, education and medical facility had changed after fish farming. The households have broadly improved their food consumption, family education, standards of living, purchasing power, choice and economic ability through fish farming. The constraints for sustainable pond fish farming in the areas were lack of technical knowledge of the farmers, disease of fishes, multiple ownership of the pond, higher production cost (mainly seeds and feed), insufficient supply of fry and fingerlings, lack of money and credit facilities and inadequate extension services. It is therefore essential to provide the necessary training facilities with institutional and organizational supports, credit facilities and extension services for sustainable fish production and livelihoods of rural fish farmers.
Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) of Bivalves in Northwestern Bohol, PhilippinesAI Publications
Catch Per Unit Effort (CPUE) is a measure of status of marine resource in a given area. In this study, bivalve fishery information was gathered using the self-structured questionnaire. There were 61 respondents who were the registered fishermen of Calape, Tubigon and Clarin. Among the three towns it was Clarin where highest mean CPUE was observed with 1.2kg/hr/man. This was followed by Calape with 0.8kg/hr/man and lowest mean CPUE was recorded in Tubigon with 0.6kg/hr/man. High CPUE value means that there are still enough bivalve resources in the area and lowest CPUE means that these resources are endangered. Considering that, the result of this study showed that there is a need to regulate the collection of bivalves with lower wild stocks to avoid loss of these natural resources.
Presentation by Charles Tyler on 'Sustainable Aquaculture Future (SAF) Aquaculture Projects in Bangladesh: Focus on the Environment' at the One Health Approach workshop on Tuesday, 23 March 2021.
22-24 November 2017. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. AU Conference Centre. Regional Meeting on Agricultural Biotechnologies in Sustainable Food Systems and Nutrition in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Presentation by Emmanuel Kaunda, Lilongwe University of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Lilongwe, Malawi A review of the use of biotechnology in aquaculture and fisheries (PAEPARD supported consortium)
The Rockefeller Foundation marks its 100th year in 2013. The Foundation’s mission, unchanged since 1913, is to promote the well-being of humankind throughout the world. During the course of its history, the Foundation has supported the ingenuity of innovative thinkers and actors by providing the resources, networks, convening power, and technologies to move innovation from idea to impact. It supports work that expands opportunity and strengthens resilience to social, economic, health, and environmental challenges. The Foundation seeks to achieve its mission through work aimed at meeting four equally important goals: revalue ecosystems, advance health, secure livelihoods, and transform cities.
Starting in June 2012, the Rockefeller Foundation began investigating the pressing problem of the declining health of the oceans due to climate change, overfishing, pollution and habitat destruction, and the effects of this decline on poor and vulnerable people who depend on marine ecosystems for food and livelihoods. The goal was to better understand the nature of the problem and the potential impact of interventions in the fields of fisheries, aquaculture, poverty, and food security.
The Foundation assembled a portfolio of learning grants that examined this problem from multiple perspectives in order to inform and assess the viability of and potential impact for future engagement on this topic. We supported four scoping studies that sought to identify populations dependent on marine fisheries, as well as review past experience with integrated approaches to fisheries management within a livelihoods and food security context. In partnership with Bloomberg Philanthropies, we also supported scoping work in four countries to assess opportunities for a coordinated strategy integrating national policy, local management, and innovative financing.
We have learned a tremendous amount from the work our grantees have done, captured here by partner FSG in a summary and synthesis. We hope this information will contribute to the broader body of knowledge on this topic, as well as our own work.
Bio-economic analysis of ESBN fishery of Kumira, the coastal area of Chittago...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present investigation was conducted from May to December 2005 at Kumira, the representative area of Chittagong coast for bio-socioeconomic analysis of ESBN fishery. In catch composition of Kumira, it was observed that finfish occupied 77.03 %, shrimp 19.82 % and crab 3.15 % and the average catch per boat per day were found 16.6 kg in Kumira. The highest total catch per boat per day (50 kg) was found in October at Kumira. The lowest catch was found (2 kg) in August at Kumira. The average total catch per landing center per month was found 14805 kg at Kumira. The average catch per fishermen per day was found 3.39 kg at Kumira and the average cost per boat per month was about 7,813 Tk in the study area. Average sale per month was found over 18,713 Tk in Kumira. During the month July and August most of the fishermen were engaged in Hilsa fishing with the Hilsa gill net resulting the total catch was with ESBN lowest in those months.
Study on Production Performance and Economic Benefits between Mixed-sex and M...Premier Publishers
The study was conducted to assess the comparison at the production performance and profitability between mixed-sex and mono-sex tilapia reared in cage culture. The experiment was carried out with two treatments and each was represented by six replicates for a period of 99 days in 12 cages each with the size of 1.5m3 (1.5m×1m×1m) situated in a pond. In the first treatment, six cages of mixed-sex tilapia and in the second treatment, 6 cages of mono-sex male tilapia were stocked. After 99 days of the culture period, mono-sex tilapia attained a significantly higher mean final weight of 189.67 gm ± 19.142 in comparison to mixed-sex tilapia which was 167.15 gm ± 13.297. However, there was no significant difference in food conversion ratio, specific growth rate, and survival rate between the treatments at the end of the study. The benefit-cost ratio was calculated as 1.47:1 and 1.59:1 for mixed-sex and mono-sex male tilapia respectively. The study revealed that there was no significant difference in individual weight, biomass, and the gross yield of tilapia between two treatments up to 72 days of the culture period. The comparative study suggested that within 2.5 months of the culture period, mixed-sex tilapia can be cultured successfully and could be used as an alternative source to the general people who usually avoid the consumption of hormone-treated fish.
The socio-economic status of fishermen community around Junglighat marine fish landing centre was studied. 141 families were interviewed during the present study. Medium families were dominated (48.89%) followed by large (26.67%) while very large families were only 6.66 %. Most of the members of fishermen families (44.44 %) were under the age group of 15 – 34. 89.7% children were attending government schools while, 10.3% were in private schools. The literacy rate was found to be higher (30.68%) and most attended middle school level and 0.5% were graduates. Major religions include Hinduism (54.9 %), Christianism (37.3 %) and Islam (7.8 %). The maximum number of settlers were from Andhra Pradesh (48.3%) followed by Tamil Nadu (38.3%), while the settlers from Kerala (8.4%) and Jharkhand (5%) were the least. Most of the families were found to be residing in semi pucca (asbestos) houses (73.1%) and fewer families (7.7%) were living in kutcha (thatched) houses. Most of the fishermen from Junglighat landing centre (87.1%) were Above Poverty Line (APL) and only (12.9%) lives in Below Poverty Line (BPL) status. 36.17% of the members earn between Rs. 3001 – 4000/- per month and 12.77% between Rs. 4001 – 5000/- per month. Hygienic status of the fishermen population was found to be better and most of the houses were with latrine facilities (97.3%) and only 2.7% were found to be without latrine facilities.
Performances of resource poor households in aquaculture practices in sadar up...AbdullaAlAsif1
The present study was conducted to evaluate the performances of resource poor farmers in fish farming at their homestead ponds in Sadar Upazila under Meherpur district from July to October 2015. Participatory Rural Appraisal tools such as questionnaire interview, cross check interview and secondary information were used to assess the performances in aquaculture activities. Thirty pond fish farmers were purposively selected, among them 10, 5, 5, and 10 participants were involved with carp-mola, carp-tilapia and carp-shing polyculture and vietnam koi mono-culture respectively. The result showed that the majority of the farmers (33.33%) had 51-100 decimal cultivable land followed by 20 and 16.67% participants who possessed 151-200 and >300 decimal of land respectively. It was found that the highest percentage of participants (73.33%) primary occupation was agriculture followed by fish farming (3.33%). A majority of the farmers (53.33%) started fish farming only before 1-5 years influenced by the positive result of fish culture by the villagers and 20% each have started before 6-10 and 11-15 years back. Only 6.67% farmers started fish culture in 16 years before who were the pioneers of fish farming in the region. The average pond size in the area was found 15 decimal with a range of 7 to 35. Before starting fish culture all the farmers got training and inputs support for fish culture from a local NGO called Daridra Bimochon Sangstha (DBS). Prior to start fish farming all of the farmers followed standard procedure of pond preparation and fish fry release in their ponds. Majority farmers (90%) applied homemade feed, whereas rest applied commercial feed to their fish. By contrast, 90% farmers used to feed their fish and rest was reluctant to provide feed to the fish. Almost twenty seven percent respondents annual income was between BDT 61,000 to 80,000 followed by 20 and 10% whose income was 100000-150000 and >150000 BDT per year. During the culture operation, farmers usually had some problems such as pond drying, disease outbreak, dike erosion, shade of tree over the ponds, theft, snakes eating the fish etc.
Standard water quality requirements and management strategies for fish farmin...eSAT Journals
A study on standard water quality requirements and management strategies suitable for fish farming is presented. The water quality criteria studied based on physical, chemical and biological properties of water include temperature, turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solid (TDS), nitrate- nitrogen, pH, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total hardness. Water samples from Otamiri River in Imo state, Nigeria, were analyzed based on the afore-mentioned criteria to assess its suitability as a source of water for fish farming. The results of the analysis compared with international standards revealed that the river temperature of 26.90C, nitrate-nitrogen value of 0.015 mg/l and total suspended solids of 18.60 mg/l fall within the acceptable range for fish farming. However, the pH of 5.82, total hardness of 5.8 mg/l, total dissolved solids of 13.60 mg/l and biochemical oxygen demand of 0.6 mg/l all differed slightly from the standard recommended values. This study will aid fish farmers on the necessary treatment needed to effectively use water from this source for fish farming.
Keywords: Water quality criteria, Otamiri River, biochemical oxygen demand, total suspended and total dissolved solids.
Socio-economic conditions of the fish farmers in Jessore, BangladeshAbdullaAlAsif1
The study was conducted the fish farmers in some selected area at sadar upazila in Jessore under the district of Jessore from September to December 2013. A total of 100 fishermen were selected by stratified random sampling method and interviewed. The average me mbers of single family were 5-6 people per household. Single families were much more (62 %) than joint families. Most of the fish far mers were Muslims 92% and few of them were Hindus 8%Most of them had the secondary educational background and some of them with different levels of higher education. It was found that the number of school going children was 2-3 per house. Full katcha (17 %) houses were few, while the semi-pucca (40%) and pucca (43%) houses were more abundant. Regarding health and sanitation, 31% fishermen reported to suffer fro m gastric and 17% suffered from fever. Most of the interviewees were found to take credit facilities from different sources for the subsistence of their family and their venture. The 98% were found to have their tube-wells, others using Governmental tube-well, or those belonging to schools or neighbors However, they need more institutional, organizational, and technical and credit support for their better socioeconomic and sustainable livelihood.
Influence of feeding administration of brood-stock on breeding performance of...AbdullaAlAsif1
The aim of the experiment was to determine the effects of three types of formulated feed containing varying levels of protein, lipid on breeding performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). C. carpio was reared for 120 days under three dietary treatments (T1 to T3) with varying crude protein levels and crude lipid levels. Experimental diets T1, T2 and T3 were formulated from locally available feed ingredients having crude protein percentage of 23.56 ± 0.23, 28.60 ± 0.10 and 18.04 ± 0.32; crude lipid percentage of 9.50 ± 0.22, 11.06 ± 0.38 and 8.34 ± 0.19 respectively. Effect of the three diets was studied in terms of gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate and deformity of fry. Fishes reared under Treatment 2 showed the highest gonadosomatic index (32.08 ± 7.24%), fecundity (355963.33 ± 77142), fertilization rate (84.00 ± 6.89%), hatching rate (87.33 ± 12.45) and lowest rate of larval deformity (11.56 ± 3.56%). Brood stock management of Treatment 2 showed significantly better results (P<0.05) in respect of gonadosomatic index, fecundity, fertilization rate, hatching rate and larval deformity among three selected hatcheries. Hence, it can be concluded that 28.60 ± 0.10% protein and 11.06 ± 0.38% lipid is adequate for better breeding performance of common carp (Cyprinus carpio).
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from sea production while approximately 16700 M. tons pesticide used for agricultural purpose are harmful to trout
were inland fish [2] At the beginning 1962 almost 3 on probing out of respondents perceptions regarding
schemes were lunched for development of trout in five the local people/community used different harmful
district namely Mansehra, Swat, Dir, Chitral and Kohistan, methods for hunting (electric currents, dynamites), 61.5%
resulting in five trout hatcheries. Round about 40 % of fry respondents were in favor. Further 77.5% respondents
production is gained from these hatcheries which released view was that, local community are aware about the
in different natural water bodies. Recreational and sport importance of trout in their economic growth. Moreover,
fishery increases tourism and economic gain as well. 71% respondents stated that there is a frequent decrease
[3] The awareness among people can produce good in the number of trout species in the last few years.
quality of fishes as stocking material and reservation It highlighted the respondents’ perception about
of fishes which is most important in this regard. community considered any thereat for trout. Indicated
The necessary step must be taken to by keeping all norms a high positive ( = 0.977) and significant (P<0.05)
of local area people toward trout protection as important relationship was also detected between community
livestock and consider as product of main capital considered any thereat for trout and trout protection.it
resources in northern areas of Pakistan. Jillard et al. [5] was resulted from the findings that the community thinks
stated that fishing income per month was only below that the tout needs protection in the area. These findings
5,000 pesos but most of them have other income. are supported by the report of Zeller [6] that trout in
On further analysis, it was found out that majority of Canada are endangered or threatened due to chemical
the respondents u sed more than one gear however pollution in water. Moreover, Yaqoob [4] reported that
most of them used this common gear the gill nets overfishing and contaminated water results in decline of
(54.55%). It pointed out that high cost of fishing gears, trout species.
high cost of craft, non-availability of baits, presence of The study further revealed respondent’s perception
typhoon, presence of commercial fishing, less market on trout protection and Community attitude are positive
prices and less catch were found to be their problems. towards trout protection. Gamma ( =.972), showed a
MATERIALS AND METHODS community attitude are positive towards trout protections
The study entitled “factors affecting trout cleared from these findings that the community wants
protection” was conducted in “Kumrat valley” in Union efforts to be taken for trout protection in the area.
Council Thal District Dir Upper, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Upon the relationship between trout protection and
Simple random sampling technique is used for collecting pesticide used for agricultural purpose are harmful to
data from 325 respondents. The collected data was trout, ( =.954), indicated a highly positive and significant
analyzed by using uni-variate and bi-variate analysis (P < 0.05) relationship detected between pesticide used
respectively. At uni-variate level percentages and for agricultural purpose are harmful to trout and trout
frequencies were used to know about the phenomena of protection. These findings indicated that the farmers
trout protection in the study area. At bivariate level used different pesticides which are harmful for the trout.
chi-square ( ) test was applied to determined association Similarly, these findings are in line with Lips [7] that In2
between independent and dependent variables. The Chi Australia and New Zealand the number of trout decrees
square was used for association and Gamma was used due to use of pesticides, fertilizers and global climate2
to determine the strength and direction between change and due to exposure of the trout eggs and larvae
independent and dependent variable. in water to waterborne and airborne pollutants the number
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION the respondent’s perception on trout protection and local
While analyzing community Perception of trout (electric currents, dynamites). A significant ( ) = 0.481 and
protection, the results showed that out of total of positive (P<0.05) relationship was detected. Although,
100% respondents, 56.9% opined that general society neither brown nor rainbow trout can survive other forms
considers thereat for trout. 70.7% respondents viewed of exploitation such as dynamite fishing, electrocution
that community attitude are positive towards trout and netting all of which are occur regularly [8]. In this
protection. Moreover, 77.5% respondents stated that the way, ( =. 963), indicated a highly positive and a
positive and significant (P<0.05) relationship between
respondents perception regarding trout protection. It was
of trout negatively affected. The study further explored
community used different harmful methods for hunting
3. World J. Fish & Marine Sci., 8 (2): 85-88, 2016
87
significant (P<0.05) relationship detected between further revealed respondent’s perception on trout
local community are aware about the importance protection and there is a frequent decrease in the number
of trout in their economic growth and trout protection. of trout species in the last few years. Gamma ( =.913),
These findings illustrated that the local peoples agreed showed a positive and significant (P < 0.05) relationship
that there is importance of trout in their economic between there is a frequent decrease in the number of
development. Responsive Management [9] reported that trout species in the last few years and trout protection.
trout anglers contributed $13.6 billion to the economy. It was concluded from a study carried out in the
USFWS [10] study further explored the respondent’s Transactions of the American Fisheries Society in 1999
perception on trout protection and Local community is that the combined effects of increased in water
trained in protection/preservation of trout species. temperatures and overflow of water both brown and
A non-significant (P<0.05) and positive relationship rainbow trout would no longer be able to survive [11] It
( ) = 0.944 while analyzing the data. Moreover, was found that flood affect Directly displacement-related
respondent’s perception on trout protection and local mortality of trout and destruction of incubating eggs,
community follow the existing laws/measures taken by while indirect effects to habitat can affect carrying
government for protecting trout. ( =.914), indicated a capacity or favor one species or guild over others
positive and a significant (P<0.05) relationship. The study [12].
Relationship Between Community Response and Trout Protection
Perception On Trout protection
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
Attributes Response Yes No Don’t Know Total Statistics
Community consider any thereat for trout Yes 145 (44.6) 55(16.9) 25(7.6) 255 (78.4) X =131.490(0.003) =.9772
No 25 (7.6) 25 (7.6) 10 (3) 60(18.4)
Don’t Know 15 (4.6) 10(3) 15(4.1) 40(12.3)
Community attitude are positive Yes 175 (53.8) 15(4.1) 25 (7.6) 215(66.1) X =139.424(0.000) =.9722
towards trout protections No 25(7.6) 10(3) 15(2.0) 50(15.3)
Don’t Know 30(9.2) 15 (4.1) 15 (4.1) 60 (18.4)
The pesticide used for agricultural purpose Yes 195(60) 5(1.5) 15(4.1) 215(66.1) X =129.175(0.041) =.9542
are harmful to trout No 15 (4.1) 10 (3) 5 (1.5) 30 (9.2)
Don’t Know 40 (12.3) 25 (7.6) 15 (4.1) 80 (24.6)
Local community used different harmful methods Yes 165 (50.7) 20(6.1) 25(7.6) 10 (3) X =15.340 (0.004) =.4812
for hunting (electric currents, dynamites) No 25 (7.6) 10(3) 5 (1.5) 40 (12.3)
Don’t Know 30(9.2) 35(10.7) 10(3) 75(23)
Local community are aware about the importance Yes 210(64.6) 15(4.1) 10(3) 230(70.7) X =131.728(0.001) =.9632
of trout in the their economic growth No 5(1.5) 8(2.4) 7(2.1) 20(6.1)
Don’t Know 45(13.8) 15(4.1) 15(4.1) 75(23)
Local community are trained in Yes 125(38.4) 15(4.1) 8(2.4) 148(45.5) X =94.774 (0.061) =.9442
protection/preservation of trout species No 12(3.6) 5(1.5) 7(2.1) 24(7.3)
Don’t Know 115(35.3) 13(4) 25(7.6) 153(47)
Local community follow the existing laws/measures Yes 173(53.2) 14(4.3) 6(1.8) 193(59.3) X =124.545(0.021) =.9142
taken by government for protecting trout No 9(2.7) 4(1.2) 9(2.7) 22(6.7)
Don’t Know 45(13.8) 35(10.7) 30(9.2) 110(33.8)
There is a frequent decrease in the number of Yes 157(48.3) 13(4) 27(8.3) 197(60.6) X =118.287(0.000) =.9132
trout species in the last few years No 13(4) 10(3) 12(3.6) 35(10.7)
Don’t Know 30(9.2) 45(13.8) 18(5.5) 93(28.6)
Numbers in table represent frequencies and numberin parenthesis represent percentage proportion of respondent
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS need to promote the Trout culture in the valley. The local
This study focused on determining the perception type of trout is commonly available to the entire
aspects of factors affecting trout protection by analyzing community. It was probe that the general society consider
through (community response, Government; efforts and many threats for trout, community attitude are positive
economic approach variable) in the area, there is a great towards trout protections with community response.
community encourages tourists for fishing because all
4. World J. Fish & Marine Sci., 8 (2): 85-88, 2016
88
The rate of trout in rivers is decreasing due to chemical 5. Jillard, O. Mercado and Rozette E. Mercado, 2015.
pollution, the local harmful methods of fishing like Analysis of Socioeconomic Profile of Rural Fishers in
chemical, electric current, dynamite etc. And also lack of Northern Part of Surigao Del Sur, Philippines World
awareness in people about the importance of trout is also Journal of Fish and Marine Sciences, 8(1): 64-67.
a factor. Furthermore, it was illustrated that there is 6. Zeller, D.C., 1997. Home range and activity patterns
need of training of local people in trout protection. of the coral trout, Plectropomus leopardus
The pesticide used for agricultural purpose are harmful to (Serranidae). Marine Ecology Progress Series,
trout also the natural disasters damaged the trout species. 154: 65-77.
Further research study find out that local community does 7. Lips, 1998. Rebuilding ecosystems, not sustainability,
not follow the existing laws/measures taken by as the proper goal of fishery management,
government for protecting trout. In order to endorse trout In Reinventing Fisheries Management, pp: 311-329.
protection in the area the study recommended that 8. Hansen, D.J., 1997. Shrimp fishery and capelin
community awareness and sensitization through sessions decline may influence decline of harbour seal
and trainings by both government and private (Phoca vitulina) and northern sea lion
organizations is necessary for the economic uplift of the (Eumetopias jubatus) in Western Gulf of Alaska.
community. Government and private sectors facilitate in In International Symposium on the Role of Forage
shape of small grants and trained the community in Fishes in Marine Ecosystems, Anchorage, Alaska,
establishing trout farms and hatcheries. Laws regarding USA, 13-16 November 1996, pp: 197-207. University
trout protection should be properly implemented like of Alaska Sea Grant College Program. AK-SG-97-01,
using of dynamites, electric current, chemicals for hunting pp: 816.
trout and also permit systems should be introduce and 9. Responsive Management, 2009. The economic impact
properly implement. of mountain trout fishing in North Carolina. North
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