Planning an effective lesson involves considering several key elements: what you want to teach and why, how much students already know, how much time is needed, and what materials are required. It is also important to define clear objectives, plan warmup activities to engage students, structure the lesson in steps with varying activities, and allow flexibility for different pacing and learning styles. Finally, lessons should include assessment, discussion, and homework to reinforce learning.

2. Why plan?
You need to keep these questions in mind:
0 What do you want to teach?
0 Why do you want to teach it?
0 How much do students already know about it?
0 How much time will you need to teach it?
0 What things will you need in class in order to teach?
0 How will you go about it step by step?
0 How will you know your students have learnt?

3. The Aim
Keep the following things in mind when defining the objective:
0 What task will the students accomplish?
0 What content do you want them to learn?
0 Under what conditions will they learn it?
0 Eg. The students will identify, draw and label the parts of a flower
after observing flowers and matching flash cards.

4. Warming up
0 Students are not automatically ready to receive what you are
teaching. Create their interest, grab their attention and gauge their
previous knowledge.
0 A warm up activity can be a song or a game, question or
pictures that get them to start thinking on the topic and talking
about it.
It is important to know
your students and make
them feel comfortable in
your class. Only then will
they be ready to learn!

5. Planning your time
0 Identify how much can be covered in a fixed amount of time.
0 Break the plan into sections so that you can speed up or slow
down to accommodate changes
Don’t try to
include too much.
Leave some space
for assimilation

6. Steps
Plan the lesson step by step.
Eg.
0 Dissection and observation
0 Activities
0 Students can work on their own, in pairs or groups.
0 Give time for students to learn at their own pace,. Some learn
faster than others. Some may take time
0 Every student learns differently. Some can read and understand.
Others need to hear it or see it while some others need to use their
hands to create and learn. Address these
different learning styles

7. Reflection
0 Leave at least some time at the end of the class for students to ask
questions.
0 This could start as a discussion and lead to probing questions.
0 It could also be a time for clarification

8. Conclusion
An abrupt stopping of the lesson leaves the learner uncomfortable. It
is good to remind students of what they have learnt during the
lesson. Give enough time for a neat conclusion!
That doesn’t mean you don’t leave
open ended questions,
encouraging students to think and
find out more!

9. Wrap up
Continuous and comprehensive assessment can happen throughout the
lesson at different points of time.
Eg. You can assess students on :
0 Observation and discussion
0 Team work
0 Matching of flash cards
0 Drawing and labelling
0 Research work etc.
Instead of only asking questions that test
memory, ask questions that make
students imagine, compare,
contrast, evaluate and
apply concepts!
Assessment is related to the objectives of
the lesson. The assessment should test
whether or not your objectives have been
met.

10. Home work
Give interesting homework so that the students feel like
attempting it. Meaningless repetitive exercises are unnecessary and
boring!

11. A complete lesson plan should include the following details:
 The subject being taught
 The topic/subtopic
 The grade/class it is meant for
 The time taken to conduct the lesson
 The objectives of the lesson
 Warm up :
 Review, Q/A , Demonstration, Charge up activity

12.  Lesson Flow:
 Announcement of objectives
 Methodology, Lecture, Discussion, Work Sheet, Question/Answer
 Assessment for Learning, Activity, Group Work,
 Application, Comparison and Association
 Peer Work, Pair Work ,Question/Answer
 Class Assignment, Project Work,
 Presentation by the students, Research Work
 Home Work
 Wrap Up
 Follow - Up