This document discusses how to write a literature review and the differences between summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting. It explains that a literature review identifies and analyzes relevant studies to establish the background and context for a research topic. A good summary focuses on the main ideas and leaves out unnecessary details, while a poor summary includes irrelevant information. The document also outlines the steps for writing a coherent literature review, including carefully reading sources, listing key ideas, removing irrelevant information, and using signal phrases. Finally, it defines summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting, noting that summarizing condenses a text, paraphrasing rephrases ideas using different words, and quoting directly copies from a source.

1. SYNTHESIZING
A GOOD
REVIEW OF
RELATED
LITERATURE
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

2. LET’S REVIEW
1. What is Literature Review?
2. Why literature review is important?

3. OUR OBJECTIVES
a.Identify the different qualities of good summary
b.Identify the process of writing a coherent
review of related literature
c.Write own coherent review of related literature
and studies

4. LET’S PONDER A MOMENT
1. What are the qualities of a good
summary?
2. How do you write a coherent review of
related literature?

5. INTRODUCTION
• Summarizing literature sources serves several purposes in
research. It serves as a guide for the researcher to put the
key ideas of a text together. It also explains the researcher’s
arguments using fewer words than the original text.
Summaries also give supporting ideas of the main arguments
of research. Most importantly, it brings about a deeper
understanding of the text.

6. Qualities of a Good Summary

7. LET’S COMPARE AND
CONTRAST

8. Below is an example of a good and a poorly written
summary.

9. Good Summary:
During the funeral mass of the writer’s dad, her sister got an
unexpected call saying that he had already made it home, and
later found out that the voicemail was from an unknown caller.
The writer’s sister obviously knows that the message was
coincidental but it made her think that her dad also completed
his journey to heaven.

10. Poor Written Summary:
The writer’s dad died unexpectedly at the age of 78 which
made the family heartbroken. During the funeral mass of the
writer’s dad, her sister got an unexpected call. She later on
found out that the voicemail was from an unknown caller. The
caller said that it was his dad and he had already made it
home. The writer’s sister was thankful she got the message
that her dad also completed his journey to heaven.

11. HOW TO WRITE A COHERENT
REVIEW OF RELATED
LITERATURE

12. 1. Read the original work carefully before
writing the summary.
•This is to ensure that the author’s
argument was understood, and all
essential details are included in the
summary

13. 2. List down the key ideas of the text using
your own words. I
•In this way, when you write the
summary, you have an outline of the
key ideas that you should mention.

14. 3. Eliminate all information that is
unnecessary and irrelevant.
•Always remember that a summary
must stand on its own, without
compromising crucial points to reflect
the author or researcher’s work.

15. 4. Compare the summary and the original
work.
•This is to ensure that the main ideas
were accurately represented in the
summary.

16. 5. Start the summary using signal phrases to
introduce the material.
•Signal phrases are composed of words
that introduce the reduced text.

17. Ellson (2010) proposes some phrases to remember in
presenting summaries as shown in the table below:

18. Summarizing, Paraphrasing, and Quoting
Summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting are
often mistaken as the same concepts. These are
similar yet distinct skills that are commonly used
in academic writing, most especially in research.

19. How do Summarizing, Paraphrasing,
and Quoting different from one
another?

20. The text given below will show the differences between
summarizing, paraphrasing, and quoting,

21. Summarizing
• Summarizing involves writing the core of the text.
The main purpose of summarizing is to narrow down
a text to highlight its main arguments. Other details,
such as examples, are often disregarded. The
summary should not be written exactly as what was
presented in the original text.

22. Example:
According to Cain (2012), introverts may have good
skills but prefer to be at home at the same time. They
prefer to interact with people closes to them. Moreover,
introverts prefer listening than speaking, thinking
carefully before talking, and wring their opinions rather
than verbalizing it.

23. Paraphrasing
Paraphrasing is a way of using different words to
present the same ideas from the original text. In
contrast to summarizing, paraphrasing is used with
short portions of text, such as sentences and phrases.
It is an alternative to direct quotations and allows the
researcher to integrate other sources from the research
and other academic work.

24. Example:
Cain (2012) suggest that introverts prefer
listening over speaking, thinking carefully before
talking, and feeling more confident in writing their
opinion than verbalizing them.

25. Quoting
Quoting is used to write the exact words used in a
short segment of the original source. Quotations
support the researcher’s arguments by using them as a
strong piece of evidence. The statement must be
attributed to the author.

26. Example:
•Cain (2012) found out in her study of introverts
that they tend to “listen more than they talk,
think before they speak, and often feel as id
they express themselves better in writing thatn
in conversation” (p.22).

27. CHECK YOUR LEARNING!
1. What is a good summary? What is not?
2. What are the processes in writing a coherent RRL?
3. What is the difference among Summarizing,
Paraphrasing, and Quoting