Precis writing is a skill that involves concisely summarizing the key ideas from a longer text in a reader's own words while preserving the original meaning, structure, and emphasis. It requires carefully analyzing a text to identify essential facts and thoughts and removing unnecessary details, illustrations, and embellishments. The goal is to distill down the original work to its core ideas and logic in as few words as possible, typically to around one-fourth the original length. Mastering precis writing strengthens skills like clear writing, analysis, and sensitivity to an author's intended meaning and viewpoint.
this short yet descriptive slide will teach you everything about preci writing and mastering the skills that are required for this purpose, with example and instructions, hope you enjoy and like my effort.
this short yet descriptive slide will teach you everything about preci writing and mastering the skills that are required for this purpose, with example and instructions, hope you enjoy and like my effort.
precis writing for graduation students asairaazeem3
Precise writing that is beneficial for the students of graduationg and post graduationg students. this is complete guide that make students helpful to understand how to precise and benefits for the precise writing. This not only guide for passage precise but also helpful for the precise writing of a
Presentation on How To Summarize related to the subject Communication skills and TRW by Arsalan Qureshi student of Dawood University Roll no: D-16-TE-09.
Communication Process and 7 C's of Communication and Concept of CommunicationParveen Kumar Sharma
Through participation in the course students will develop the following skills:
• Understand the nature, scope, and power of processes
• Analyse communication most
groups and teams
• Listen and give
• Deliver
to make choices about the way to communicate and deliver messages in
appropriately
in contexts that may require power point,
communication
situations and audiences
effective and efficient
feedback
effective presentations
extemporaneous or impromptu oral presentations
• Read and interpret complex messages and take decisions accordingly
• Develop messages for the digital platform and social media
Overcoming Barriers to Listening
Critical Listening and Social Support
Functions of Non-Verbal Communication
Effective Use of Non-verbal Communication
Characteristics of Interpersonal Communication
Creating Positive Communication Climate
Problem Solving in Teams
Effective Leadership Communication
Giving and Receiving Feedback
This set of slides is a compilation for IFS Syllabus at Amity University in Tashkent. My students use these through their class blog https://ifsamityenglish.blogspot.com/
Listening Skills - Types, Barriers and Strategy to Overcome BarriersParveen Kumar Sharma
‘Listening’ as the ‘Master Art’. It is more challenging than reading as I previously said here. I cannot think of underlining or highlighting the spoken words or the sound waves. They are ‘virtually visible to my ears’ and once articulated and once missed by me is a ‘gone word’. Everything in life doesn’t have a ‘Play Again’ button. Unlike reading, listening is not visibly documented. The book in your possession won’t mind if you missed two-three sentences and you can read them again- all at your convenience. Listening- if you don’t listen to me, I can see that and will mind the negligence-even to a single word.
IFS Vocabulary - Homophones, Homonyms, One Word SubstitutionParveen Kumar Sharma
Our vocabulary can be divided into TWO Types: Active Vocabulary and Passive Vocabulary. We need constant practice with words to make a strong vocabulary. There are some confusing words in English that challenge us sometimes. This topic of Vocabulary - Synonyms, Antonyms, Homophones, Homonyms, Homographs, One Word Substitution is going to introduce you to the same task of knowing more words.
Parts of Speech in English - IFS English Amity Tashkent
Each language has its own alphabet, it also has its own Grammar.
For English, all the words we see are divided into nine classes or categories. These classes are called Parts of Speech.
We speak words. We speak names, actions, qualities, connectors, and exclamatory words as well. We speak and that is what we call a SPEECH. Every Word belongs to a Parts of Speech category.
They are Noun, Pronoun, Adjective, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction, Interjections and Article Determiners.
Remember that the same word can be a Noun and in the next sentence it can be USED as a VERB.
Understanding what is being said is an important aspect of Listening Skills. One who can Comprehend the meaning and message of what is being heard can return the communication with more accuracy. In the 21st century skills, listening leads the race as this has become a rare thing to see in people.
The Lost Child by Mulk Raj Anand - Notes_Grade 9 - Parveen2022.pdfParveen Kumar Sharma
It was the season of spring. The people of the village came out of their houses, in colourful attire and walked towards the fair. A child along with his parents was going to the fair and was very excited and happy. He was attracted to the stalls of toys and sweets. Though his father got angry, his mother pacified him and diverted his attention toward other things. The child moved forward but once again lagged because his eyes were caught by one thing or the other, every now and then.
As they moved forward, the child wanted the various things on the stalls. His mouth watered seeing sweets decorated with gold and silver leaves.
He wanted his favourite burfi but knowing that his parents would refuse on the ground that he was greedy, he walked ahead. Then he saw the beautiful garlands of Gulmohar but didn’t ask for them, then he saw balloons, but he knew very well that his parents would deny it because he was too old to play with balloons, so he walked away.
Then he saw a snake charmer and a roundabout swing. As he stopped to ask his parents for permission to enjoy the swing, to his astonishment, there was no reply. Neither his father nor his mother was there. Now the child realized that he was lost. He ran here and there but could not find them. The place was overcrowded. He got terrified but suddenly a kind-hearted man took him up in his arms and consoled the bitterly weeping child. He asked if he would like to have a joyride, but the child sobbed “I want my father, I want my mother.” The man offered him sweets, balloons, and garland but the child kept sobbing “I want my father, I want my mother.”
Life is full of such situations where we need to make a choice. While we resolve a complex dilemma, there remains a fear that the other choice might be favourable too. But we need to choose one and leave the other option. Frost takes us to encounter one such experience and brings home a metaphorical take away.
The narrator comes upon a fork in the road while walking through a yellow wood. He considers both paths and concludes that each one is equally well-travelled and appealing. After choosing one of the roads, the narrator tells himself that he will come back to this fork one day to try the other road. However, he realizes that it is unlikely that he will ever have the opportunity to come back to this specific point in time because his choice of path will simply lead to other forks in the road (and other decisions).
The narrator ends on a nostalgic note, wondering how different things would have been, had he chosen the other path.
Grade 9 - CBSE - English - Revision Document
Descriptive Paragraph: Diary Writing
• Story Writing based on given context/cues/outline
• Parts of Speech
• Tenses
• Subject-Verb Agreement
• Reported Speech
• Modal – Possibility, necessity, Obligation, - Politeness
• Determiners - Article Determiners – A/An/The
Moments
1. Weathering the Storm in Ersama
2. The Last Leaf
3. A House is Not a Home
4. The Beggar Beehive (Prose)
1. Packing
2. Reach for The Top
3. The Bond of Love
4. If I Were You Poems
1. No Men Are Foreign
2. 2. On Killing a Tree
3. The Snake Trying
Formal Letter- CBSE Format - English - Block Format
CBSE ENGLISH- K-12- can refer to this format.
https://eklavyaparv.com/content/communication-skills/318-letter-writing-format
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
1. PRECIS WRITING
Precis (pray-see, pl. pray-seez) writing is a basic and very useful skill. It has been variously referred to as 'abbreviation',
'subtraction', 'abstract', 'summary', and 'condensation'. The French gave it the name 'precis' — the pruning away of all
that is inessential.
Definition:
"A precis is a brief, original summary of the important ideas given in a long selection. Its aim is to give the general
effect created by the original selection." It is a concise and lucid summary that forsakes all unnecessary details
(including illustrations, amplifications, and embellishments) in favor of reproducing the logic, development,
organization and emphasis of the original. Retaining the substance of a fuller statement, it seeks to articulate another
authors thoughts by extracting the maximum amount of information and carefully conveying it in a minimum number of
words.
The Purpose:
Precis writing aims at intelligent reading and clear, accurate writing. It is a skill of both analysis and genesis that
critically questions every thought included and excluded, each word used to express those thoughts, and the proportions
and arrangements of those thoughts — both in the original and in the precis. In its exaction it mercilessly reveals an
author's wordiness and looseness or thinness of thought and construction. It should strengthen our style, our sense of
proportion and emphasis, and our sensitivity to word meanings and an author's viewpoint,
Guide to a Successful Precis:
1. Understand the essential facts or dominating idea of the passage.
2. In your opening sentence express what the passage tends to show.
3. With as few sentences as possible enlarge on the essential shown in the opening sentence.
4. Summarize only what the author says; do not add your own opinions.
5. As far as possible, use your own words.
6. Ask whether the precis is clear to one who has not seen the original.
A precis is usually reduced to at least one-fourth of its original length and frequently much more. How long it is will
be determined by its purpose and by the nature of the original.
PRELIMINARY TO PRECIS WRITING:
1. An abstract is a condensation of a passage, the important words, phrases, and sentences containing the essential
thoughts being worked as simply as possible into sentences. It simply requires the ability to pick out essential facts.
Exercises in abstracting will involve underscoring the essential facts in a passage and combining them into a single
whole. (N.b.: Here 'abstract' is used in its narrow sense to mean a digest or running summary.)
2. A paraphrase is a restatement of a difficult passage, stating clearly and fully in language of the simplest sort just
what the passage means. Because it clarifies hidden meanings and obscure passages, it is usually longer than the
original." Precis writing involves the ability to paraphrase, but adds to it concision, all the while being careful to not to
lose or distort the original meaning Exercising in paraphrasing might involve transposing poetry to prose, explaining the
meaning of proverbs, etc.
3. In precis writing it is necessary to say as much as possible in as few words as possible." A word may substitute for a
phrase and a phrase for a clause. The concern is for the precise meaning or connotation of a word.
4. The proper use of the colon and semicolon in punctuation is an aid to good precis writing.
5. Generally a precis should be written in reported or indirect speech. This means a precis will be in third person, in
the past tense. Exercises will involve the change of direct speech to indirect speech.
6. A precis title must be cold and matter of fact, not attractive to the imaginative mind. It is a precis of the precis.
Ask of your precis:
1. Are the opening sentences brief and to the point? Which is best?
2. Which opening sentence tends to show best what the passage expresses?
3. Do the sentence following the opening sentence amplify the essentials shown in the opening sentence?
4. Which precis clarifies the author's best thoughts? Have additional thoughts been added?
5. Is the precis clear to one who has not seen the original?
2. METHOD:
“It will be well to remember the object of precis writing: a brief and clear summary — or precis — of what you have
first carefully read. No words, phrases, clauses, or sentences which are unessential to the thought of the selection, are
considered. Every unnecessary word is discarded until all that you have left is the thought, the dominating idea, of what
you have read. Then in your own words, give this thought as briefly and clearly as possible. Your sentences must be
carefully constructed. Do not omit any essential articles, prepositions, or conjunctions.”
First Reading:
1. Read every word slowly and carefully until you clearly understand the sense of the passage.
2. Look up all unfamiliar words, phrases, and allusions
3. Identify the dominating idea, the essential thought, of the passage. Ask if this idea were omitted, would the
fundamental meaning of the passage be changed?
4. Determine what emphasis and space to give the thought in each section; write a heading for each section.
Second Reading:
1. Underscore with a pencil the important facts containing the essential thoughts. This is a process of differentiation
between what is essential and what is not. Generally you will omit examples, illustrations, conversations, and
repetitions.
2. Reread your selections to see that they are wise and adequate.
3. Determine if your underscoring expresses the main ideas.
Final Reading:
Rapidly and intensely reread the origin, dwelling on the important facts selected for a precis.
First Copy:
1. Close the book/original.
2. Write a summary of the thoughts as you remember them.
3. Compare with the original and correct, asking:
Did you retain the logical order and development of these thoughts?
Did you emphasize the dominant thought or erroneously emphasize a minor thought?
Did you omit any necessary facts? names? dates? places?
Is your precis clear to one who has not seen the original?
Are your sentences clear and well-constructed?
Did you use third person and the past tense?
Did you punctuate and spell correctly?
Did you make any grammatical or rhetorical errors?
Final Copy:
1. Read your first copy through carefully.
2. Condense wherever you can, substituting single words for phrases and phrases for longer clauses.
3. Use only simple figures of speech.
4. Clearly and concisely express the essential points.
5. Reduce verbiage while still making the point and retaining some of the flavor and spirit of the original.
6. Be fair to the sentiments expressed, even if you don't agree with them.
7. Rewrite neatly.
References:
Paul W. Lehmann's "The Junior Precis Practice Pad"
Robert M. Gay's "Writing Through Reading,"
(material abstractd from http://www.classicalco-op.com/co_op_new/ce_tiki/tiki-index.php?page=Precis%20Writing)