This document discusses different types of variables that are measured in research studies: independent variables, dependent variables, and intervening variables. It defines each variable type and provides examples. The independent variable is the presumed cause of changes in the dependent variable. The dependent variable is the outcome or effect being measured. The intervening variable works between the independent and dependent variables and can strengthen or weaken their relationship. Understanding the different variable types is important for properly designing research studies and analyzing results.

1. IDENTIFYING
VARIABLES
Ms. Kaye U. Alejandrino, LPT
AMA COMPUTER COLLEGE
SHS DEPARTMENT

2. Lesson Objectives
• Discuss the independent, dependent and intervening
variables
• Know the differences between dependent,
independent and intervening variables
• Cite importance of variables in research

3. VARIABLES
• These are the basic element that are measured
in any study.
• Are observable or measurable characteristics
of person, or objects that are capable of taking
several values or of being expressed in
different categories.
• You are going to manipulate a
variable to see what will happen to
another variable.

4. GENERAL TYPES
OF VARIABLES
• Independent
• Dependent
• Intervening

5. • Independent - adjective. not influenced or controlled
by others in matters of opinion, conduct, etc.;
thinking or acting for oneself:
• an independent thinker. not subject to another's
authority or jurisdiction; autonomous; free:
Example: an independent businessman.

6. • Dependent – (adjective) a person who depends on or
needs someone or something for aid, support, favor,
etc. a child, spouse, parent, or certain other relative
to whom one contributes all or a major amount of
necessary financial support:
Example: She listed two dependents on her SSS and
Pag-ibig benefits.

7. • Intervening - happening between two times or
between other events or activities.
• An intervening period of time is one
that separates two events or points in time.
Example: During those intervening years Bridget had
married her husband Robert.

8. Independent
variable

9. Independent Variables
• Variate is the presumed ”cause” of any
“effect” or change in the target audiences
awareness, knowledge, attitude, skills and or
practice.
• The property or characteristics that makes the
outcome or objective vary or differ.

10. dependent
VARIABLE

11. DEPENDENT VARIABLE
• Is the presumed “effect or changes” in the
target audiences. These changes may be
observed or measured in terms of the changes
in knowledge, attitude, skill or practice.
• The outcome or objective or effect of the
study.
• It is the result of the study.

12. intervening
VARIABLE

13. INTERVENING VARIABLE
• Is the presumed “in between” factor
found working in between the
independent variable and the dependent
variable.
• Its effect can either strengthen or
weaken the independent and dependent
variables.

14. Example activity

15. EXAMPLE:
The test score you get will
depend on the time you
study.

16. Major Sources of Stress to the
academic performances of the
ABM students in AMA
Computer College.

17. The price of gas is higher during
the summer than winter.

18. Peer and Other Influences on
Smoking Behavior Among Grade
12 Students.

19. Group work enhances
student’s motivation.

20. Variable - You are going to manipulate a variable to see what
will happen to another variable.
Independent - Variate is the presumed ”cause” of any “effect” or
change in the target audiences awareness, knowledge, attitude,
skills and or practice.
Dependent - The outcome or objective or effect of the study.
Intervening Variable - Its effect can either strengthen or weaken
the independent and dependent variables.

21. REFERENCES
Baraceros, Esther L. (2017), Practical
Research 1, Rex Book Store, Inc., First
Edition
Cajigal, Ronan M. (2014), Lectures on
Research Variables. Cavite State University,
Bacoor City, Campus

22. kayemote77@gmail.com