The document discusses top-down and bottom-up approaches to development. Top-down development involves large-scale schemes initiated by national governments and external groups, with little local involvement. Bottom-up development prioritizes local community needs and decision-making, with experts providing assistance. While top-down approaches rely on loans and technology, bottom-up is lower-cost and focuses on local skills and well-being. The best option is bottom-up for its community focus and limited national poverty impact.