11. C
DETERMINING THE AGE OF A FOSSIL
*Relative dating- is a method of determining the age of a rocks
by comparing them with the other rocks in
other layers.
*Carbon 14/Radiometric dating- is a method used to determine the
age of rocks using the decay of radioactive isotopes.
12. Era is the largest
division of the GTS,
namely, Precambrian,
Paleozoic, Mesozoic
and Cenozoic. And each
era is further divided
into Period.
13. C
EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
- - Fossil records
- - Comparative anatomy
- - Embryonic development
- Biochemical analysis
17. TELL WHETHER IT IS HOMOLOGOUS OR
ANALOGOUS
A dolphin's fin and a cat's leg.
A cranium of vertebrates and exoskeleton head of insects
An octopus's eye and a human's eye.
An ant's leg and a dog's leg.
18. C
EVIDENCES OF EVOLUTION
- - Fossil records
- - Comparative anatomy
- - Embryonic development
- Biochemical analysis
23. C
ASSIGNMENT
Create a timeline of events titled: My Life
History- these are the events that happened to
you since you were born up to the present time.
Choose 5-10 events only, put it in a long bond
paper. Be ready to present it next meeting.
25. C
Jean Baptiste Lamarck: 1800’s
Believed in:
*Theory of need- The theory of need states that organisms
change in response to their environment.
*Theory of use and disuse- The theory of use and disuse
states that organs not in use will disappear while organs in
use develop.
*Theory of acquired characteristics- evolution of traits are
passed to offspring.
26. Lamarck’s Theory
Example of Lamarck’s theory is that
giraffes before have short necks, but
because of the need to survive, and in
order to reach tall trees for food, they
kept stretching their necks until they
became longer. And these characteristics
were believed to be inherited by their
offspring and are evident by the next
generation of giraffes. Lamarck called it
as the Theory of Acquired
Characteristics.
27.
28.
29. C
WAS HE CORRECT?
NO!
Traits are passed down from one generation to the next by GENES, not by an
individual’s life experiences or activities.
Lamarck did NOT know how traits were inherited (Traits are passed through
genes)
Genes Are NOT Changed By Activities In Life.
30. C
Robert Charles Darwin
Darwin’s Beliefs:
*in Survival of the fittest or natural selection
*Food and resources are limited
-So organisms have to COMPETE to get
that they need (lions fight for food, space,
mates …)
-Not all offspring will survive only the
MOST FIT .
31. Darwin’s Natural Selection
Darwin proposed that there were
two kinds of giraffes; the one that
had short neck and the other has
longer neck. But natural selection
favored the survival of giraffes
longer necks that could feed on
taller trees that were available. So
the giraffes with shorter neck were
eliminated due to lack of
food supply.
32. Example of Natural Selection
A classic example of natural selection is the
Peppered moths during Industrial Revolution in
Europe.
34. C
NATURAL SELECTION
How does Selection occur?
-Selection of the most fit can occur from several
factors:
*Variations -exist among individuals in a
population
*Competition - for limited resources
35. C
What is the effect of environmental
changes on adaptation and survival of a
species?
As, environment changes, animals that cant adapt die out, only the adapted
ones will survive to produce babies which we call the most FIT.
Editor's Notes
Evolution is a process of change over time from simpler to more complex. Take note that it doesn’t happen in just a glimpse of an eye because evolution is a slow process. The research found that for a major change to persist and for changes to accumulate, it took about one million years.
Exactly! Robert Charles Darwin is the proponent of the Theory of evolution and Natural Selection. He is a biologist as well as Naturalist.
fossils are something such as leaf, skeleton or footprint of ancient times.
Fossils are one of the evidences that certain kinds of organisms lived in the past. By the way, who are the persons that studies fossils?
Biological diversity, or biodiversity for short, encompasses the variety of life at all levels of organization, from genetic diversity within a species to diversity within entire regions or ecosystems.
We have known a while back that fossils are from ancient times
WHAT CAN YOU OBSERVE IN THIS PICTURE?
Radio active isotopes are isotopes of an element which have an unstable nucleus that decays or emits excess energy or radiation until the nucleus becomes stable.
Isotopes are the elements that have the same number of protons but differ in the number of neutrons
Based from this scale can you determine how old is the earth?
Where can the oldest fossils be found?
Consist of two types. HOMOLOGOUS AN ANALOGOUS
Homologous- structures from different species which have similar internal framework.
Structures of unrelated species may evolve to look alike because the structure is adapted to similar function.
Let us have a simple activity to understand the evidence from compzrative anatomy. Pls stand up if you think these examples are homologous anad sit down if they are analogous.
HOMO, ANA, ANA, ANA
Embryo is the early stage of development in organisms.
Exactly but in stage 3, we can see that as they develop further, there are structures that makes the organisms different from each other.
last evidence of evolution is provided by the biochemical analysis and amino acid sequence of the organisms’ DNA. Let us try to examine the sequence of amino acids of the different vertebrates from the table.
What can you infer about the evolutionary relationship of the different organism’s amino acid sequence?
Ma’am human, chimpanzee and gorilla has almost the same amino acid sequence.
Very good. That’s why many evolutionists states that we evolved from the chimpanzees. So, the greater the similarity in the amino acid sequence, the closer the relationship of the organisms.
Darwin was not the first naturalist to propose that organisms change overtime into new species; that life as we say now, evolves.
Jean Baptist de Lamarck was the first evolutionist to believe that organisms change ovetime and he developed three theories.
1 So, species developed characteristics necessary for them to adapt or survive in a given environment.
2, If a body part were used, it got stronger. If body part is NOT used, it deteriorated
3. These acquired characteristics were believed to be inherited by their offspring
3.
Read the story and identify where the three theories can be observed.
Theory of need- the need of giraffes to reach out for food
Theory of use and disuse- the giraffes used their necks to get their food. So they kept stretching their neck until they became longer.
Theory of acquired characteristics- people before believed that the long neck characteristics were passed to the next generation.
Their need to reach out for food made their necks became longer.
For example, people who o to gym tend to have bigger muscles. Are the muscles that they worked hard in the gym passed on their off spring? Diba no. that’s why Lamarck’s theory was disapproved.
are very different from the theories of Lamarck.
So who are the most fit in here? Fitness refers to the ability of an organism to survive and produce offspring.
Darwin believed and suggested that selection also takes place in nature.
That in natural selection, environmental factors promote the survival of the fittest and eliminates the less fit.
There were two kinds of peppered moths living on the tree trunks. And before the industrial revolution, the environment before was very clean. And that the number of moths were very little because there were birds that feed on them. But as the industrial revolution begun, many industries and factories arose, so the atmosphere became polluted making the treetrunks changed in color. So the white peppered moth became more visible in the bird’s eye and the other one is not. The black peppered moth increased in their number. While the other one decreased. But as the industrial revolution came to an end, the tree trunks again changed in color making the black peppered moth more visible while the other is not. So the white peppered moth also increased in their number and the black peppered moth decreased.
Who selected the survival of the moths?
Variation- it means to have many forms or types
Competition-what are the things that organisms compete for?
they compete for resources( food, shelter, mate etc)
To better understand how natural selection works, I have here a video presentation that shows how organisms survive in a disturbance.
adaptations make it possible for a great variety of creatures to live and thrive on earth. As the environment changes, animals that cannot adapt die out, and only the adapted ones survive to produce babies. Because babies are usually more or less like their parents, the whole species soon contains only animals that are adapted to the new environment.
