Lesson 1 Culture
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This document defines culture and discusses its importance, characteristics, components, and theoretical perspectives. Culture is defined as the knowledge, beliefs, arts, customs, and habits that are shared by a society. It provides people with solutions to social problems and ensures the survival of human heritage. Culture has characteristics such as being shared, learned, cumulative, diverse, symbolic, and adaptive. It discusses the components of culture, including norms, folkways, mores, laws, language, and values. The document also outlines major theoretical perspectives on culture and differentiates between ethnocentrism and xenocentrism.
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Intercultural communication involves the study of how people from different cultural backgrounds communicate. Culture provides people with different ways of thinking and interpreting the world. It is linked to communication and shared among members of a social group. Culture shapes behavior and perceptions. Communication both reflects and passes on culture. Factors like organization, education, age, and social class also influence behavior and are understood within a cultural context. Intercultural communication allows people to connect across cultures but also faces constraints from differences in cognition, behaviors, and emotional expression between cultures. Effective intercultural communication requires understanding both low- and high-context communication styles and being aware of how cultural identity, work status, and time urgency can impact interactions.
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3) Forces like technology, ideas, collective action, and cultural diffusion can bring about cultural change over time.
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Culture is a product of human behavior that is transmitted through learning. It gratifies human needs and tends to integrate society. Culture is shared and learned among members of a social group through language and other symbols. It is not instinctive but acquired through experience. Culture is a social and ideational group product that gratifies human needs and adapts over time through processes like diffusion and convergence. Culture serves important functions like distinguishing societies and providing a basis for social solidarity.
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Lesson 1 Culture
- 2. Definition of Culture Importance of Culture Characteristics of Culture Components of Culture Major Theoretical Perspectives Ethnocentrism Vs. Xenocentrism
- 3. Objectives: • Understand the different meanings of culture. • Investigate how culture is perceived in different areas. • Define and explain concept of culture and its significance • Discuss the components of culture. • Expound the theoretical perspectives of culture • Differentiate the concept of Ethnocentrism and Xenocentrism.
- 4. “A person may escape society for a while, but he can never escape culture”
- 5. Culture Originated from Latin word cultura meaning “to cultivate”. “A complex while which includes knowledge, belief, art, law, morals, customs and any other capabilities and habits acquired by the people as members of society” (Edward Tylor, 1932- 1917) refers to the cumulative deposit of knowledge, experience, beliefs, values, attitudes, meanings, hierarchies, religion, notions of time, roles, spatial relations, concepts of the universe, and material objects and possessions acquired by a group of people. (http://people.tamu.edu/~i-choudhury/culture.html) culture is communication, communication is culture. . (http://people.tamu.edu/~i-choudhury/culture.html)
- 6. Importance of Culture Culture is a design for living or a blueprint for social behavior. Culture also provides people with ready- made solutions to common social problems. Culture ensures the survival of the heritage of humankind. Culture develop one’s attitudes and values. Culture maintains the biological functions of the group.
- 7. Characteristics of Culture Culture is shared Culture is learned Culture is cumulative Culture is diverse Culture is symbolic Culture is adaptive
- 8. Components of Culture Norms – are definite guidelines for behavior based on values. Prescriptive norm – what people should do, the expected actions and acceptable values. Proscriptive norm – unwritten rules on what people should not do the inappropriate, immoral and unlawful actions and behaviors. https://grrrltraveler.com/staying-at-an-indian-ashram/
- 9. Components of Culture Folkways – conventions of everyday life that members of society are expected to follow but whose violation is not considered serious. Fashions – folkways that endure for a short time and enjoy widespread acceptance within society. They usually reflect in style of clothing or designs in home architecture. Fads – or craze, refers to fashion that becomes popular relatively quickly, remains popular for a brief period, then loses popularity.
- 10. Components of Culture Mores – reflects strongly-held values and whose violation involves a strong negative societal reaction. https://snarla.wordpress.com/category/hijab/
- 11. Components of Culture Laws – based on mores and enacted to protect people from bad effects or outdated mores. Language – symbols with specific and arbitrary meanings in a given society that allows people to communicate to each other. Values – refers to the standard of the desirability of things.
- 12. Major Theological Perspectives High Culture Theory - postulated by Matthew Arnold (1822 – 1888) - “Culture is the study of perfection” – anything that does not fit into this category is labeled as chaos or anarchy. Three Immortal Notions - Beauty - Intelligence - Knowledge - Those who do not possess the three attributes belong to lower class of the society. http://careersignite.com/diploma-in-beauty-culture-college-courses-eligibility-jobs-salary-in- india/
- 13. Major Theological Perspectives Ordinary/Popular Culture Theory - postulated by Raymond Williams (1921 – 1988) - “Culture is ordinary as it is part of everyday life”. - He rejected Arnold’s notion and further argued that culture must have two aspects - The known meaning and directions which its members are trained to – and, - The new observations and meanings which are offered and tested. https://www.pinterest.ph/pin/457185799655588127/
- 14. Ethnocentrism vs. Xenocentrism Ethnocentrism - Refers to the belief in the superiority of one’s race and a marked preference for one’s own culture and products. Xenocentrism - Refers to the preference for the products, styles or idead of someone’s culture rather than of one’s own. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wlyS4zrklww