Lennox Gastaut Syndrome (LGS) is a severe childhood epileptic encephalopathy characterized by multiple seizure types including tonic-atonic seizures. It typically has an onset between ages 3-8 and causes cognitive impairment. Treatment involves identifying the syndrome and selecting effective therapies like clobazam, felbamate, lamotrigine, and rufinamide while avoiding treatments that can worsen seizures. The ketogenic diet and vagus nerve stimulation may also provide benefit.
Hello readers.................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
This is my 32nd powerpoint.....its regarding a form of childhood epilepsy, known as "LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME".
It has been dealt with in the Therapeutics way, and in precise format.
Do look into it and give your reviews!!!!
Thank you!!!!
@rxvichu-alwz4uh!!!!
:) :)
This presentation consist information about unspoken and less well known variants of GBS as well as CIDP. Also it includes information about diagnosis and management.
Hello readers.................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!
This is my 32nd powerpoint.....its regarding a form of childhood epilepsy, known as "LENNOX-GASTAUT SYNDROME".
It has been dealt with in the Therapeutics way, and in precise format.
Do look into it and give your reviews!!!!
Thank you!!!!
@rxvichu-alwz4uh!!!!
:) :)
This presentation consist information about unspoken and less well known variants of GBS as well as CIDP. Also it includes information about diagnosis and management.
Topics Include; Emerging Therapies and The Clinical Trial Process presented by Dennis Dlugos, MD, MSCE, Involvement Opportunities for LGS Families presented by John Currier, MBA and Christina SanInocencio, MS, Cannabis for LGS: Overview, Experiences and Clinical Practice presented by Heather Barnes Jackson and Jeremy Toler, MD
TSC is neurocutaneous hereditary disorder either AD or sporadic characterized by multiple hamartomatous growths affecting skin, brain, heart, lung & kidney
A review of literature about Stiripentol and Rufinamide and their role in Dravets and Lennox Gastaut Syndrome respectively. It also looks at off label indications of these two orphan drugs.
LGS Foundation 2016 Conference - Friday MorningLGS Foundation
Topics Include: Therapies for LGS (Part One) - Pharmacological, presented by Angus A WIlfong, MD and Therapies for LGS (Part 2) - Non-Pharmacological presented by Scott Demarest, MD
The advent of plasma exchange and intravenous immunoglobulins has dramatically improved the prognosis of patients with GBS. Despite this fact, mortality and morbidity rates remain unacceptably high. Until better therapies are developed, the appropriate utilization of immune-modulating therapy and careful attention to supportive care issues will help to minimize these unfavorable outcomes
2. Goals
Understand the definition of LGS
Outline the clinical presentation of LGS
Compare the different medications
available to treat LGS
Develop a rational treatment approach for
LGS
3. Syndrome types in different age groups
Infancy;
-West Syndrome
-Ohtahara Synd.
-Dravet Syndrome
Late Childhood (5-10y)
-Absence Epilepsy
-Landau-K syndrome
-Benign Rolandic E.
Early Childhood (1-5y)
-LGS
-Febrile Seizures
Adolescence
-JME
-Juvenile Absence epilepsy
4. LGS Prevalence and Incidence
Prevalence is 1 to 10 % of all childhood
epilepsy
Incidence rate for LGS of all new onset
epilepsies is 0.6 %
5. Etiology
Brain malformations
Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury
Meningitis &Encephalitis/Congenital infections
Neurocutaneous syndromes-Tuberous sclerosis
Trauma
Brain tumors
Cortical dysplasia/Bilateral perisylvian syndrome
17-30% with LGS will have history of infantile spasms.
Few have metabolic issues such as Leigh’s
encephalomyelopathy or Channelopathies.
6. LGS Diagnosis; Pediatrics
-Onset 3 to 8 years of age
-Seizures type;
-Tonic-atonic drop attacks
-Tonic clonic
- Atypical absences;
Gradual onset and termination
Behavioral pause/stare (30 + seconds)
Clonic activity
7. LGS Diagnosis; Pediatrics Cont
May present as non-convulsive status
epilepticus in 50 to 75 % of patients
-Cognitive impairment and developmental delay.
-EEG; irregular, gneneralized 2 to 2 ½ Hz spikes
and wave pattern
8.
9. LGS Diagnosis; adult
Onset 4 to 8 years of age
Cognitive impairment and developmental delay
Seizures Type;
Childhood onset tonic-atonic drop attacks
Complex partial/frontal lobe seizures
Seizures; arms asymetrically elevated
Vocalization
5 to 20 seconds duration
10. LGS Diagnosis; adult
EEG (variable)
- Background; normal (rare) to diffuse
slowing
- Ictal; diffuse attenuation
generalized irregular 2 to 2 ½ Hz
spikes/wave generalized might lateralized
without clear focal findings.
11.
12.
13. LGS treatment
Antiepileptic drugs
Surgery;
-Vagus Nerve stimulator VNS shows a 24%–
42% global seizure reduction. Comparable
outcome to corpus callosotomy without
invasive surgery (a)
-Corpus callosotomy
most beneficial for atonic seizures
Diet; Ketogenic, Modified Atkins diet.
a-Lancman et al. AES 2011 Abstract 3.313
14.
15. LGS treatment with AEDs
Effective in randomized, double blind
placebo controlled trial, approved by FDA;
Clobazam, Felbamate,Lamotrigine,
Rufinamide, Topiramate.
Effective in open level trials
Vigabatrin, Zonisamide
16. LGS treatment with AEDs
Often used
Valproic acid, Clonazepam
Limited utility (may exacerbate seizures)
CBZ, Phenobarbital, Primidone
17.
18. Aeds Additive effects
Post-hoc sub analysis of the CLB trial;
Evaluated drop seizures rate from baseline
to 12 week in patient receiving CLB with
LTG or VPA.
Average reduction in drop seizures was
grater for either combination vs placebo.
Efficacy was dose dependent
19. What Medication to use first
Based on Syndrome
Based on gender
Based on side effects
Choices; Depakote, Topiramate,
Lamotrigine, Felbamate.
20. What medication to use Next
Based on the first medicine
Based on Additive effect
Based on side effects
Options; Rufinamide, Zonisamide,
Vigabatrin, same as the previous list,
Benzodiazepines, Levetiracetam
21. Diet for LGS
Ketogenic Diet
Modified Atkins diet for Epilepsy
Low glycemic index diet
22. Ketogenic diet
A treatment option for epilepsy (LGS)
A very strict diet that involves fluid
restriction, high fat and low carbohydrate +
protein intake.
The goal: alter the body’s fuel source from
glucose to fat.
23. History
The basis of the diet – fasting
Devised in the 1920’s at Johns Hopkins
University School of Medicine.
Popularity faded in the 40’s and 50’s when new
anticonvulsant drugs were discovered
Resurgence recently because, among others, of
the TV movie based on Charlie Abrahams
24. Who is a candidate
Children – usually 2-10 years of age
Most effective in kids with “drop” type
seizures
The children considered have at least 3
seizures/week
The antiepileptic medication is not
working.
25. Efficacy
20-30% – seizures were completely
controlled
50-70% - seizure frequency decreased by
50%
20-30% - not effective
26. Modified Atkins
Absence of protein, fluid, or calorie
restriction
64% fat
30% protein
6% carbohydrate (10 to 20% on regular
Atkins diet)
27. Modified Atkins
The modified Atkins diet is a modification
of the traditional ketogenic
Foods are not weighed and measured, but
carbohydrate counts are monitored by
patients and parents.
It is started outside of the hospital
28. Modified Atkins
Is it Effective?
60 to 70 % >50% improvement,
20 to 30 % >90% improvement
5 to 10 % seizure free
29. Surgical Options
Vagus Nerve stimulator VNS shows a
24%–42% global seizure reduction.
Comparable outcome to corpus
callosotomy without invasive surgery.
Corpus callosotomy
most beneficial for atonic seizures
30. Summary
Lennox Gastaut Syndrome
Difficult epileptic encephalopathy
Onset in childhood
Persist into adult life
Optimal Treatment
Requires identification of the syndrome
Selection of effective therapy
Ovoid treatments that exacerbate seizures