LEE JACOB GARCIA Hello Classmates, 1. Describe the framework for managing and leading a security force. The framework for managing and leading a security force starts with the port managers and leaders. The key to establishing this framework within the port security organization is in how well the leadership develops the middle management function (Christopher, 2014). The best tool that may be utilized is the use of "middle-managers", middle-managers can be the "go to" individual where in fact, they become the liaison between the front line workers and upper management. When developing middle managers, senior leaderships must ensure they understand and have the full expectations of the Organization’s intent, mission, and goals, in order for middle managers filter this down to the operational levels, where the actual work of port security gets done. In the military, these positions are what we call Team Leaders, senior leaders mentor and develop Team Leaders in order for the team to achieve success with their everyday mission or goals. Team Leaders must understand the Organization’s intent, mission, goals, regulations, policies, and procedures in order to better guide their Soldiers. Team Leaders are the keen advocate for the Soldiers because they interact more with the Soldiers and guide them to ensure standards are being met. They achieve this through active engagement and constant evaluations of their work performance and their professional/personal development. One of the main role of middle-manager is to ensure that issues from subordinates are brought up the chain of command and these middle-managers can solicit input from employees and act accordingly to ensure policy reflects the wishes of the employees. Employee input is crucial to make this type of work model productive. Leadership skills are then exercised and exploited by acting accordingly on these issues in their level, if issues are of higher concerns, this is when middle managers raises these issues to senior leaderships to get some answers.    2. What is meant by maintaining force competencies in port security?             Maintaining force competencies is for port security management to assess the level of competency of the security workforce. It is important that the port security management team maintain force competencies and asses if the workforce has adequate training required in order for them to do their job. Understanding the type of training required is crucial for port security management to know hence, security management would know what qualifications and training is needed.             Each training requirement and certifications may vary depending on the capacity of their job and expected to perform. The importance is to asses if the workforce are qualified to perform their duties as expected. Validation and assessment of training and certifications must be done frequently depending on what is established or outlined based on the Standard Operating Procedures ( ...

1. LEE JACOB GARCIA
Hello Classmates,
1. Describe the framework for managing and leading a security
force.
The framework for managing and leading a security force starts
with the port managers and leaders. The key to establishing this
framework within the port security organization is in how well
the leadership develops the middle management function
(Christopher, 2014). The best tool that may be utilized is the
use of "middle-managers", middle-managers can be the "go to"
individual where in fact, they become the liaison between the
front line workers and upper management. When developing
middle managers, senior leaderships must ensure they
understand and have the full expectations of the Organization’s
intent, mission, and goals, in order for middle managers filter
this down to the operational levels, where the actual work of
port security gets done. In the military, these positions are what
we call Team Leaders, senior leaders mentor and develop Team
Leaders in order for the team to achieve success with their
everyday mission or goals. Team Leaders must understand the
Organization’s intent, mission, goals, regulations, policies, and
procedures in order to better guide their Soldiers. Team Leaders
are the keen advocate for the Soldiers because they interact
more with the Soldiers and guide them to ensure standards are
being met. They achieve this through active engagement and
constant evaluations of their work performance and their
professional/personal development.
One of the main role of middle-manager is to ensure that issues
from subordinates are brought up the chain of command and
these middle-managers can solicit input from employees and act
accordingly to ensure policy reflects the wishes of the
employees. Employee input is crucial to make this type of work
model productive. Leadership skills are then exercised and
exploited by acting accordingly on these issues in their level, if

2. issues are of higher concerns, this is when middle managers
raises these issues to senior leaderships to get some answers.
2. What is meant by maintaining force competencies in port
security?
Maintaining force competencies is for port security
management to assess the level of competency of the security
workforce. It is important that the port security management
team maintain force competencies and asses if the workforce
has adequate training required in order for them to do their job.
Understanding the type of training required is crucial for port
security management to know hence, security management
would know what qualifications and training is needed.
Each training requirement and certifications may vary
depending on the capacity of their job and expected to perform.
The importance is to asses if the workforce are qualified to
perform their duties as expected. Validation and assessment of
training and certifications must be done frequently depending
on what is established or outlined based on the Standard
Operating Procedures (SOP). SOP entails detailed or specific
guidance relating to each specific duties, objectives, or policies.
Jake
Reference
Christopher, K. (2014). Port Security Management, Second
Edition. Bosa Roca: CRC Press. Retrieved from
http://ebookcentral.proquest.com.ezproxy2.apus.edu/lib/apus/de
tail. action?docID=1578619
Todd Stevenson
1. Describe the framework for managing and leading a
security force.
To better understand the question let's first look at the
definition of framework. According to the Merriam-Webster
dictionary, framework is defined as “(a): a basic conceptional

3. structure (as of ideas), and (b): a skeletal, openwork, or
structural frame” (Merriam-Webster, n.d.). With that said, to me
framework is the basic structure that holds everything together.
This is true whether we’re talking about computer software, a
treehouse, your home, or even a game you’re playing.
Framework is the very building blocks our everyday lives are
built around. Just as our lesson has pointed out, the framework
for managing or leading a security force to protect our ports
starts with port managers and leaders. One of the more
important framework tasks for managers and leaders of a port
security force is ensuring all participants are on the same page
and acting as a single organism. Per this week’s lesson, middle-
management plays a key role in the framework of a port security
team’s ability to communicate with upper management. It is
through middle-management a port security team can get a clear
understanding of the strategic plan, mission, values, and
required tasks. A strong foundation or framework is crucial to
building a cohesive security force that’s on the same page, and
an understanding of the management team’s strategic plan, and
mission statement. It is a strong framework that allows a
security force the ability to execute a port’s emergency
strategies on a moment’s notice.
2. What is meant by maintaining force competencies in port
security?
The easiest way for me to explain maintaining
competencies is to look at it from the point of view of a railroad
employee on the extra board. The railroad maintains a list of
employees that fill in for the regularly assigned employee that
is unable to make it to work. Therefore, these employees must
be trained on the competencies of a variety of different jobs,
and can work these jobs if a vacancy needs to be filled day or
night. A port security team must continually train on different
emergency scenarios to ensure they are ready at a moment’s
notice. By maintaining security force competencies, each
member of the team could feel each other’s roles as necessary in

4. a critical situation. As our lesson points out, a plethora of
different scenarios should be worked into the core competency
training. The greater the number of training scenarios the better
prepared the security team will be in the event of an emergency
situation.
Framework. (n.d.). Retrieved April 05, 2017, from
https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/framework
Shawna Robles
Review DNI WTA's for 2015 and 2016 (see attached). Compare
and contrast all the threat[s] as the DNI saw them last year and
what he sees this year? This is more than just a list.
Why the change? [Assume what’s addressed first is first priority
and what’s addressed last is last].
Cyber
Cyber and Technology
Counterintelligence
Terrorism
Terrorism
WMD and Proliferation
WMD and Proliferation
Space/Counterspace
Space/Counterspace
Counterintelligence
Transnational Organized Crime
Transnational Organized Crime
Economics and Natural Resources
Economics and Natural Resources
Human Security
Human Security

5. When comparing and contrasting World Threat Assessments
from 2015 and 2016, it is easy to see that many of the areas of
concern and focus have stayed relatively the same. Looking at
the lists, some of the priorities have changed as far order of
merit. The regional threats have also changed quite a bit as far
as who has become a top priority and which countries remain
threats or who has been removed as a threat. Regional threats
will change according to which country poses the biggest threat
to the U.S. and national security at the time. Currently, East
Asia tops the list for threats due to North Korea’s threats of
WMD. In 2015, The Middle East was at the top due to the
gaining momentum ISIS had in Iraq.
Cyber was named the top priority for both 2015 and 2016 with
2016 adding technology into the mix. In 2015, the DNI stated
that “politically motivated cyber-attacks are now a growing
reality, and foreign actors are reconnoitering and developing
access to US critical infrastructure systems, which might be
quickly exploited for disruption if an adversary’s intent became
hostile (Clapper, 2015 p. 2). For 2016, a major focus for the
cyber/technology is artificial intelligence decision making
process. Counterintel was higher on the list in 2015 due to the
ongoing threats Russia and China provided. As the time, the
U.S. was considered a bigger threat to Iran, prompting them to
state that they could continue to monitor the U.S. involvement
overseas. For 2016, counterintel was lower on the list with
Russia and China still being major players, however, growing
threats and concerns from other areas ended up being higher
priority on the list due to the severity of potential attacks.

6. Terrorism is the second highest priority for 2016 due to the
increase of attacks by ISIS/ISIL and the involvement of the U.S.
in Iraq and other Middle Eastern countries. In 2015, ISIL/ISIS
was a growing concern but has not become a full-fledged
problem until 2016 when they gained momentum and took over
cities the U.S. has once liberated. WMD/Proliferation has
become a bigger issue in 2016 due to the continuous threats
from North Korea. In 2015, North Korea was in the process of
developing WMD capabilities. Last year, North Korea started
to focus more on testing ballistic missiles and distances. Syria
and Iraq have proven WMDs still remain in their countries.
Space and counterspace was a bigger focus in 2016 than 2016
due to more participation and interest in space operations from
countries which could be potentially dangerous to U.S.
operations. The increased interest in satellite imagery, weather
operations, communications, etc could be effective at
monitoring military operations. This could also be detrimental
to U.S. forces. The last three areas: transnational organized
crime, economics and natural resources and human security
remain the same regarding their position on the priority list.
Clapper, J. R., & United States. (2015). Statement for the record
on the worldwide threat assessment of the US intelligence
community, Senate Select Committee on Intelligence.
Washington, D.C.: Office of the Director of National
Intelligence.
tyler stivers
The first threat that the DNI discusses is certainly one of the
most concerning. Cyber threats to the private sector and
national critical infrastructure are continually increasing.
Callap (2015) states that “Despite ever-improving network
defenses, the divers possibilities for remote hacking intrusions,
supply chain operations to insert compromised hardware or
software, and malevolent activities by human insiders will hold
nearly all ICT systems at risk for years to come” (p1).

7. Furthermore the DNI discusses the threats to personal data and
data systems by a wide variety of potential actors. Including
state supported organizations and states themselves. In 2016
the DNI discussed this threat in very much the same way, but
included the threat to personal technology such as cars, phones,
and other electronic devices. The DNI believes that these
devices and sensitive databases are higher priority target than
infrastructure systems. Comparatively the cyber threat has not
changed much from 2015 to 2016. There were simply more
vulnerabilities discussed in the 2016 report. Specifically,
Internet of things, Foreign data science Augmented reality and
Virtual reality.
The next threat the DNI discusses is
counterintelligence. Similar to the cyber threat, counter
intelligence involves the covert access of national security
information. Clapper (2015) identifies that “propriety
information form US companies and research institution dealing
with defense, energy, finance, dual-use technology” (p.4) will
also be targets or foreign intelligence entities. In 2016 there
was a distinct shift in his interpretation of the
counterintelligence threat. Rather than simply accessing
information as discussed in 2015, the 2016 analysis include the
goal of “influencing the US national decision-making
apparatus”(p.10) This was evident by report of attempted or
actual access of US election systems by Russia. The DNI also
included the threat of foreign intelligence services recruitment
of “insiders” to obtain US government information without
authorization. In my opinion the tone of counterintelligence
threat analysis in the DNI 2016 report sounds very similar to
counterintelligence threats faced in the cold war.
The DNIs analysis of the terrorism threat was mainly
the same in 2015 and 2016. However in 2016, the DNI further
discusses al-Qai’ida’s advancements in Yemen specifically.
Additionally, the 2016 report identifies the success of terrorist
organizations recruitment of individuals proficient in
information technology, social media, and online research.

8. Furthermore, the exploitation of social media by these
organizations was covered in the 2016 report. The terrorism
threat has not changes to a great degree in the past decade aside
from the rise of ISIL.
The only difference in the DNIs analysis of WMD
threat was the including of Genome Editing in the 2016 report.
The analysis was fairly vague however Clapper (2016) stated
that this type of research by “countries with different regulatory
or ethical standards than those of Western Countries probably
increases the risk of the creation of potentially harmful
biological agents or products” (p. 9) Both the 2015 and 2016
reports include the threats from WMD countries (Russia, China,
Iran, North Korea). Generally, these countries specifically
North Korea continue to develop their WMD programs and
increasing the threat.
The DNIs analysis of the remaining threats; Space
and counterspace, traditional organized crime, economics and
natural resources, and human security remained mostly
consistent form the 2015 and 2016 reports. In summary, humans
will continue to face epidemic, pandemic and natural disaster.
The DNI identified in the 2016 reports that abnormal weather
patterns severe weather situations will become more common.
As space systems advance they will become targets of
disruption by
competitive nations. Drug trafficking remains a major threat and
“undermines US interest abroad”(clapper, 2015)
Clapper, J. (2015) “Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US
Intelligence Community”. Senate Armed Services Committee.
Retrieved from
https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/attachment/344535/Forums
/1dc217fd-c685-42ad-9207-
3733ec36896c/DNI_2015_ATA_SFR_-_SASC_FINAL.pdf.
Clapper, J (2016) “Worldwide Threat Assessment of the US
Intelligence Community”. Senate Armed Services Committee.

9. Retrieved from
https://edge.apus.edu/access/content/attachment/344535/Forums
/731da771-64ad-4537-b9c7-
f4b00f2bfe3c/SASC_Unclassified_2016_ATA_SFR_FINAL.pdf