Document 1 Instructions: Write at least 500 words and Include at least 2 APA-cited references. Cite information and add a body of knowledge and relevance. Why has risk modeling become pervasive in the security management professions?  Why do you believe that MSRAM has become a favored Risk Management tool?  Support your answer with the readings. Number of Pages: 2 Pages Number of Slides : No slides needed Deadline: 3 days Academic Level: College Paper Format: APA Document 2 Instructions: 1) Responded to message below. Should be at minimum of 250 words include direct discussion of the main points, answers, and question.  Include at least 2 APA-cited references.  Cite information and adding a body of knowledge and relevance. Risk modeling is prevalent in the security management profession due to the fact that it gives professional guidance and adaptability.  Utilizing a risk model help the owner know where business assets are and what needs to be considered and done to protect them from attack.  It also help to figure out consequences if assets are exploited and what needs to be done to restore business continuity. It also gives opportunity for testing of policies and procedures and allows management to see real time errors and approve modifications. The MSRAM was designed after the 2001 attacks on us citizens, with a focus on the critical infrastructures, Ports and Waterways. With so many different Risk Management tools it truly is difficult to pick the right tool for the job.  But like stated below the MSRAM has been approved by the DHS and incorporates much from the DHS but also gives more detail which can and will help keep those who use this tool more informed of what they are doing.  MSRAM generally aligns with DHS risk assessment criteria, but additional documentation on key aspects of the model could benefit users of the results. MSRAM generally meets DHS criteria for being complete, reproducible, documented, and defensible. Further, the Coast Guard has taken actions to improve the quality of MSRAM data and to make them more complete and reproducible, including providing training and tools for staff entering data into the model. (2011) MSRAM methodology is a Microsoft Access application in two versions. The field-level version supports data collection, analysis, and "what if" analysis. The HQ version supports analysis and "what if" analysis of combined data at the classified level. The USCG MSRAM Model is supported with geographic risk displays at the local and HQ's levels.(2017) 2) Responded to message below. Should be at minimum of 250 words include direct discussion of the main points, answers, and question.  Include at least 2 APA-cited references.  Cite information and adding a body of knowledge and relevance.             Risk modeling has become pervasive in the security management professions especially because of the lack of accurate data it presents. One of the major responses within studies per.

1. Document 1
Instructions: Write at least 500 words and Include at least 2
APA-cited references. Cite information and add a body of
knowledge and relevance.
Why has risk modeling become pervasive in the security
management professions? Why do you believe that MSRAM
has become a favored Risk Management tool? Support your
answer with the readings.
Number of Pages: 2 Pages
Number of Slides : No slides needed
Deadline: 3 days
Academic Level: College
Paper Format: APA

2. Document 2
Instructions: 1) Responded to message below. Should be at
minimum of 250 words include direct discussion of the main
points, answers, and question. Include at least 2 APA-cited
references. Cite information and adding a body of knowledge
and relevance.
Risk modeling is prevalent in the security management
profession due to the fact that it gives professional guidance
and adaptability. Utilizing a risk model help the owner know
where business assets are and what needs to be considered and
done to protect them from attack. It also help to figure out
consequences if assets are exploited and what needs to be done
to restore business continuity. It also gives opportunity for
testing of policies and procedures and allows management to
see real time errors and approve modifications.
The MSRAM was designed after the 2001 attacks on us citizens,
with a focus on the critical infrastructures, Ports and
Waterways. With so many different Risk Management tools it
truly is difficult to pick the right tool for the job. But like
stated below the MSRAM has been approved by the DHS and
incorporates much from the DHS but also gives more detail
which can and will help keep those who use this tool more
informed of what they are doing. MSRAM generally aligns
with DHS risk assessment criteria, but additional documentation
on key aspects of the model could benefit users of the results.
MSRAM generally meets DHS criteria for being complete,
reproducible, documented, and defensible. Further, the Coast

3. Guard has taken actions to improve the quality of MSRAM data
and to make them more complete and reproducible, including
providing training and tools for staff entering data into the
model. (2011)
MSRAM methodology is a Microsoft Access application in two
versions. The field-level version supports data collection,
analysis, and "what if" analysis. The HQ version supports
analysis and "what if" analysis of combined data at the
classified level. The USCG MSRAM Model is supported with
geographic risk displays at the local and HQ's levels.(2017)
2) Responded to message below. Should be at minimum of 250
words include direct discussion of the main points, answers, and
question. Include at least 2 APA-cited references. Cite
information and adding a body of knowledge and relevance.
Risk modeling has become pervasive in the security
management professions especially because of the lack of
accurate data it presents. One of the major responses within
studies performed was that the death tolls of certain terrorist
attacks are not accurate because it may be showing information
for areas that are more of a war zone for our country. In
assessing the threats in using risk management there are several
other factors that need to be considered outside of just the
fatalities. If the risk management team focuses only on the
fatalities, the threats being assessed will not have accurate
information. According to the article, What Statistics Don’t Tell
Us About Terrorism, it states “Numbers tell you about the plots
that succeeded, but to gauge the threat, we also need a sense of
jihadists’ ambition” (Benjamin, 2008). Further this article
reinforces the idea that plots that are successful do not
accurately depict the statistics that should be included in a risk
management model. In order for us to have successful risk
management tools we must focus on the whole situation.

4. Security management professionals rely on mostly
statistics to complete risk assessments of specific areas. As seen
with this article, statistics are unreliable and should not be the
only factor considered with risk management. However, it is
important to view the whole picture in using risk management
tools. Security management professionals will continue to use
these risk modeling tools despite the lack of effectiveness
because they feel it is the best decision.
The MSRAM is a favored risk management tool because
of its prior to defend our country especially from acts of
terrorism. The MSRAM is “a risk-based decision support tool
designed to help the Coast Guard assess and manage maritime
security risks throughout the Coast Guard’s area of
responsibility” (GAO, 2011, p. 9). The reason that this risk
management tool is so necessary is to protect our nation’s
waters. The economic interests of our country rely heavily on
our ability to trade between countries without having any
security issues. If for some reason one part of the maritime
security falls apart, it would cost our country a lot of money in
the future. If shipping ports are closed for a long period of time,
there is more loss to our country. The Coast Guard uses the
MSRAM in an effort to ensure that all critical infrastructure is
protected. Identifying the vulnerabilities and potential security
risks within our maritime security will provide us with a
stronger country overall. The MSRAM is used to capture
security risks that are being faced by different targets in
different geographic locations. This assessment tool allows risk
management officials to assess the risks associated with a
terrorist attack based on different scenarios. Risk management
officials use a target/attack mode to process these types of
scenarios.
Terrorists rely on the vulnerabilities within our critical
infrastructure to ensure their attack has the greatest impact on
the greatest amount of people. By using the MSRAM, the results

5. that are provided to the risk management teams identify the risk
of a target and the amount of risk mitigated by Coast Guard
security efforts. Prior to this risk assessment tool, there was a
greater risk to our maritime security. The amount of area that
the Coast Guard is responsible for protecting is expansive and
by using this tool, there is a possibility to reduce terrorists’
threats.
Number of Pages: 2 Pages
Number of Slides : No slides needed
Deadline: 2 days
Academic Level: College
Paper Format: APA
1
1. Describe key methodologies for the practical application of
financial management in healthcare
organizations.
1.1 Describe financial management in health care.
1.2 Describe accounting and finance in health care.
1.3 Discuss the sources and uses of resources in the public
sector, particularly healthcare
organizations.
Reading Assignment
Chapter 1:
Introduction to Financial Management

6. Unit Lesson
In this unit, you will begin to explore what current and future
managers need to understand about financial
management in healthcare. This is essential learning for
aspiring healthcare workers and clinical service
directors, so please make the most of your learning opportunity
here in this course. You definitely need this
understanding in order to succeed and advance in the future of
United States medicine.
Many students who enter this course come from clinical
backgrounds or perhaps other professional fields—
they are not accountants. There may be a tendency to say to
oneself as you begin this course, “let’s just
leave the accounting to the folks in the business office.” But
that is not how it works in a modern healthcare
facility. Even if you do not plan to be a financial officer
yourself, you must learn to communicate effectively
with financial officers in order to advocate for your department
and accomplish good things for your patients
and your staff. Today you must speak the language of finance in
order to succeed as a healthcare manager,
and that is true at any level of the organization. This unit begins
your journey to understanding and being
comfortable with the basics of financial management as applied
to medicine.
First of all, you will discover that financial management is the
subset of management that focuses on
generating financial information that can be used to improve
healthcare decision making. It includes both
accounting and finance. Accounting is a system for keeping
track of the financial status of an organization and
the financial results of its activities. It is subdivided into two

7. major areas: (1) managerial accounting relates to
generating any financial information that managers can use to
improve the future results of the organization,
and (2) financial accounting provides retrospective information
about the results of operations and the
financial position of the organization. Finance focuses on the
alternative source and uses of the organization’s
financial resources.
Public sector organizations obtain their financing from a variety
of sources and use them for a wide variety of
purposes. Spending on health care exceeds $2 trillion each year.
Combined, the federal, state, and local
health care and not-for-profit sectors’ spending equals roughly
half of the U.S. gross domestic product (GDP).
If an organization does not have adequate financial resources, it
is practically impossible to achieve the goals
of the organization. Earning a profit is essential for most
organizations. Profits provide an organization with a
safety margin. Organizations must be able to replace their
equipment and facilities and often want to expand
their services over time as well as adopt new technologies.
Consequently, a reasonable level of profit is
necessary (Finkler, Purtell, Calabrese, & Smith, 2013).
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UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
The field of financial management attempts to generate useful
financial information that is free of value

8. judgments. You will learn that it is not the role of financial
managers to say what the organization should do.
Financial management provides financial information that can
help managers make decisions.
One of the key concepts that you will encounter in this unit is
national healthcare spending and where the
money actually comes from. You will learn that private
insurance is still the number one source of funding for
healthcare in our nation, representing 32% of total healthcare
dollars. Next is Medicare at 20% and then
Medicaid at 15%. Collectively, the government programs make
up 35% of spending. That is why government,
both state and federal, has so much influence in medicine and
also why government is so crucial to our
success! Out-of-pocket expenditures make up just 12% of
healthcare spending in the U.S., and investment
comprises just six percent. A variety of other small funding
sources make up the remaining 15% of spending
(Finkler et al., 2013).
That has been part of our problem in American healthcare, since
out-of-pocket spending makes up such a
small portion of total healthcare spending, there has been little
emphasis on keeping medical prices low.
When Americans go to the grocery store, they are acutely aware
of prices, because they are paying the entire
bill themselves. United States’ consumers will often change
stores over a few pennies price difference for the
same product, but when they shop for healthcare, Americans are
much less concerned with price. After all,
government and insurance are picking up most of the tab
anyway. Over a period of decades, this lack of
attention to price, and perhaps lack of competition on price, has
led to America having the highest healthcare
costs in the world. Please see the graphic below, provided by

9. the Organization for Economic Cooperation and
Development.
As you can see, Americans not only spend more for healthcare
than any other nation, we actually spend two
to three times as much as many other developed nations. For
example, as compared with Japan (which
actually has better health outcomes than the U.S.) we spend
almost three times as much. As compared to
Israel (with similar health outcomes to the U.S.) we spend four
times as much (Kane, 2012).
Thus, you can easily see why so much emphasis is being placed
on healthcare reform in the United States
today. Some argue that our outlandish spending for healthcare
hurts every other aspect of our society. We
have less money for education than other nations because we
spend so much money at the hospital and
clinic. We have less money for the arts, less money for good
roadways and other infrastructure. We have less
(Kane, 2012)
3
UNIT x STUDY GUIDE
Title
money for defending ourselves because we spend so much on
medical care. Here is a crucial consideration:
we are not healthier as a result of so much spending.
Now that you have a bit better understanding of the healthcare
spending problem, let’s look next at what our

10. massive healthcare spending actually buys. We have seen where
the money comes from, but where does it
go? Hospitals get the largest piece of the healthcare dollar.
They receive 31% of total spending. Physicians
and clinics are next at 20%, and prescription medications follow
at 10%. A variety of other areas receive
about 5-7% each, those include dental services, health insurance
administration cost, and nursing care
(Finkler et al., 2013). You can see why there is so much
attention on hospitals when the topic comes around
to healthcare costs. If we truly are to get a handle on national
healthcare spending, it all starts at the hospital
level. Many CSU students and graduates work in hospitals, and
now you will understand why there is so
much scrutiny of everything that we do in the hospital today.
Conclusion
Every student in this course will have heard by now about the
Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act
(PPACA), sometimes known as Obamacare. Implementation of
this law is underway, making this an
especially important time to study medical finance. PPACA
brings about massive changes in the way that
healthcare is funded, and it will change both where healthcare
money comes from, and where it goes. You
will learn more about this fundamental change in U.S.
healthcare as you move through the course.
Remember this: times of great change are times of great
opportunity. These are times of great change for
American medicine. Strong leadership has never been more
important than it is today. That is why there are
so many CEO, CFO, and senior management opportunities
available today, and why the salaries for these
positions have climbed into six figure levels, comparable to

11. what physicians themselves are earning. There
has never been a better time to enter the healthcare field, and
never a better time to study healthcare finance.
Congratulations on your decision to take this course!
References
Finkler, S. A., Purtell, R. M., Calabrese, T. D., & Smith, D. L.
(2013). Financial management for public, health,
and not-for-profit organizations (4th ed.). Upper Saddle River,
NJ: Prentice Hall.
Kane, J. (2012). Health costs: How the U.S. compares with
other countries. PBS Newshour. Retrieved
from http://www.pbs.org/newshour/rundown/health-costs-how-
the-us-compares-with-other-
countries/