Lecture on Open Source GIS for Irish Archaeology. Bective Abbey Excavation project 2011 Ireland. Introduction to GIS and Open Source Concept. Software used: Qgis, Grass, Saga, gvSIG. Type of maps in Archaeology. Difference between commercial and Open Source software. Introduction to GIS analyses in Archaeology.

1. Bective Abbey, 15th of July 2011 OPEN SOURCE GIS FOR IRISH ARCHAEOLOGYHow to produce “clever” maps Gianmarco Cattari www.you-gis.com

2. INTRODUCTION

3. From Mortimer Wheeler’s time... Maps are and have always been a fundamental part of archaeology. Maps are an interpretation of the footprints of ancient civilization which are carved into the present landscape. Before computers were invented maps were made by hand using: or and INTRODUCTION www.you-gis.com

4. ...to Google Earth’s time Today we use computers and the internet to produce archaeological maps. “But what technology and what software will I use in order to produce my archaeological map?” INTRODUCTION www.you-gis.com

5. Commercial versus Free Software Software can be classified into two main categories depending on the usage license: Commercial Software Open Source Software INTRODUCTION www.you-gis.com

6. The meaning of Open Source Software Open Source software is released under the GNU license. Find out more about it at www.gnu.org. One of the most popular of these is the General Public License (GPL). Open Source software is developed by a very active world wide community of volunteer developers who work hard in order to improve the software’s capabilities. Open source softwares are commonly known because they are FREE, but what does free mean exactly? INTRODUCTION www.you-gis.com

7. What is free software? “Free software” is a matter of freedom, not price. To understand the concept, you should think of “free” as in “free speech,” not as in “free beer.” More precisely it means that the program users have the four essential freedoms: The freedom to run the program for any purpose. The freedom to study how the program works and to change as you wish. Access to the source code is a precondition for this. The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your neighbor. The freedom to distribute copies of your modified version to others. By doing this you can give the whole community a chance to benefit from your changes.

8. Types of software… Software classification by technical specification: Capacity of using graphic symbols and colour schemes. Geo-referenced working space using geographic coordinates Merged graphics, attributes and statistics INTRODUCTION www.you-gis.com

9. Types of software Software classification by technical specification: Data compatibiliy with web mapping (see Google Maps) Raw data can be stored into databases Data can be queried and filtered by complex SQL operations INTRODUCTION www.you-gis.com

11. ortho photos

12. Google images

13. tables

14. statistics

15. images (jpg, png, bmp ecc)

16. geo-referenced images Through GIS we produce these type of maps

18. distance analysis

19. density analysis

20. digital terrain model construction

21. reconstruction of ancient landscape

22. distribution analysis

23. visibility analysis

25. linked into an excavation recording database

26. queried and filtered through SQL operations

27. published on the internet with Web GIS

28. uploaded into Google Earth/Maps

30. Types of Maps in Archaeology

31. Site Excavation Map TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY www.you-gis.com

32. Site Location Map TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY www.you-gis.com

33. Site Location Map related to specific road project TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY www.you-gis.com

34. Site Location Map related to two specific projects TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY www.you-gis.com

35. Site distribution map on hillshade/slope Red dots represent Neolithic tombs in Sardinia (Italy) Lack of settlement on low slope/upland ground (centre of image) Yellow circles highlight two settlement patterns preferring high slope ground www.you-gis.com TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

36. www.you-gis.com TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

37. Pathway cost analyses map for Dolmen THESE TYPE OF MAPS ARE USED FOR CALCULATING THE SHORTEST DISTANCE BETWEEN TWO OR MORE POINTS Blue dots represents Neolithic Dolmen in Sardinia (Italy) Dolmen are located near rivers which could have been the main roadways on high slope ground Red line represents the quickest way to cross the region from SE to NW www.you-gis.com TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

38. The Viewshed Map TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY These maps show you which areas are/aren’t visible from a specific point on the ground. They are very useful for sites which have an important role in visual landscape control (ringfort, castles, castle motte, towers etc...) www.you-gis.com

39. The VisibilityMaps Types of Maps in Archaeology www.you-gis.com

40. Archaeological Map on Digital Terrain Model www.you-gis.com TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY

41. TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY ThematicMaps:Geology and archaeological site locations www.you-gis.com

42. Thematicmaps: Soils and archaeological site location map Types of Maps in Archaeology www.you-gis.com

43. RMP map TYPES OF MAPS IN ARCHAEOLOGY www.you-gis.com

44. Proposedarchaeologicalmonitoring Types of Maps in Archaeology www.you-gis.com

45. Work in progress screenshots

46. Digitising an archaeological site map www.you-gis.com WORK IN PROGRESS SCREENSHOTS

47. City map using free data from Open Street Map and Google images www.you-gis.com WORK IN PROGRESS SCREENSHOTS Connection established with home remote database. Files stored in the database.

48. Landscape map of Wexford and Waterford region on Digital Terrain Model (DTM) - Vertical Exageration Factor 5- WORK IN PROGRESS SCREENSHOTS Digital Terrain Model built using contours data available to download for free from internet (raw data only) www.you-gis.com

49. Kilkenny on Google Images and Digital Terrain Model (DTM) Vertical Exageration Factor 6 Google Images available for free using relative plug in. www.you-gis.com WORK IN PROGRESS SCREENSHOTS

50. Creating 3D model WORK IN PROGRESS SCREENSHOTS www.you-gis.com

51. 35 Final Goal: Web Mapping Publication of project at broader scale on the Internet using interactive interface

52. Final Goal: Web Mapping Zoom Slider Publication of excavation project on the Internet using interactive interface www.you-gis.com WORK IN PROGRESS SCREENSHOTS

53. ...shortly www.you-gis.com

54. www.you-gis.com ...for your attention Acknowledgement Thanks to Geraldine and Matthew Stout for hosting the lecture at Bective Abbey (Blog) Black Friary’s maps courtesy of Irish Archaeological Field School, IAFS