Liberalism in International Relations

1. BBA-III

2. Approach: Powerful World

3. The theory of Realism built upon from certain assumptions, mentioned below
 Human Nature is imperfect and imperfect able
 Human beings in order to achieve self-interest do not hesitate to destroy others
when and where he gets an opportunity. Likewise countries follows
 The National interest of various countries are sometime conflicting
 Different interests can lead to war and other form of conflicts
 A country’s power is crucial in determining the outcome of conflict and also to
influence other countries.
 Every country tries to increase its power which is fixed doctrine ( Power)
 Thus, there is contest of power going on in the world and this can neither be
controlled nor regulated by international law or any international organization.
 International politics, then, is aimed at increasing power, keeping power or
demonstrating power.

4. Approach: Utopian World

5. Realism is totally oppose to Idealism, the difference can be
measure from assumptions of Idealism.
The Current international system is based on upon power
politics
It is temporary and passing phase of history
When this phase will pass, a new future society will emerge. The
new society will be based on morality, non-violence, harmony
and brotherhood.
In the emerging societies the interest of various groups are likely
to be adjusted in the larger interest of the mankind as a whole.

6. Approach: Peaceful World

7.  International affairs have been the nemesis of
Liberalism
 Essence of Liberalism is self-restraint, moderation,
compromise and peace whereas the essence of
international politics is exactly the opposite:
troubled peace, the state of war.

8. LIBERALISM
 First: All citizens are juridically
equal and possesses certain basic
rights to education, free press
and religious tolerance, etc.
Democracy
 Second: The Legislative
assembly of the state possesses
only the authority invested in it
by the people, whose basic rights
it can’t abuse. Organ of
Democracy
 Third: Right to own property
and productive forces. Anti-
Marxist approach
 Fourth: The most effective
system of economic exchange is
one largely driven by market
and not one that is subordinated
to bureaucratic control,
domestically and
internationally. Capitalism

9. Liberal emerged after World War I
The liberalist produced three ideas to oppose Realists
 Collective Security/ LON
 Legal Procedures
 Disarmament ( Washington Naval Conference 1922 and
Geneva Disarmament Conference 1932)
To Maintain Transnational Relations

10.  Human nature is peaceful/ Rational, can think.
 Maintain peace in the world
 progress can be achieve through peace.
 Peace can be achieve through international organizations/ UNO
 To make world Democratic ( Democracy)
 Self Determination
 Collective Security/ NATO
 Diplomacy
 World Organization

11.  Tolerance
 Freedom
 Constitutionalism
 Individualism
The liberty of individual is sacrificed for the stability of the
community.
Liberal agree with realist that war is a recurring feature of
the anarchic system

12.  Cause of war to Imperialism
 The failure of the balance of power
 undemocratic regimes
But can be remedied through
 Collective Security
 Commerce
 World Government

13. First Image of Liberalism Second Image of Liberalism Third Image of Liberalism
Intervention by the Governments
domestically and internationally
disturbing the natural order
Undemocratic nature of
international politics, especially
foreign policy and balance of power.
The balance of power system
Individual Liberty, Free Trade,
Prosperity, and interdependence
National self determination, open
governments responsive to public
opinion; collective security
A World Government, with power of
mediate and enforce decisions.

14.  Democratic Peace: public should decide to use force/war not prince, executives,
friendly relations, bilateral relations
 Harmony of Interests: economic interdependence
 International Organizations: to regulate the international anarchy
 Collective Security:
 Self-Determination:
 David Mitrany: His core concept was ramification-Transnational Collaboration
 Interdependence

15.  Cooperation is harder to achieve and sustain
 Liberal Internationalism: It has failed to replace old balance of power with the rule of
law
 America Hegemony has no longer remained support to Liberalism
 Liberal Principle of sovereign equality is under threat
 The division of super power over NATO or US military intervention
 Liberalist have failed to protect environment, poverty reduction, nuclear non-
proliferation, and prevention of human atrocities.
 Global Politics (institution of governance) is no to much liberalism
 The fragmented nature of political community, linguistics or religious differences

16. For
 Historical evidence supports the
democratic peace this
 The of communism in 1989 triggered
a significant expansion in the zone of
peace
 Democratic states are the
foundation for global peace
 democratization of post-conflict
states reaps dividends in peace
Against
 Democracies are highly war-prone
 Democracy is in threat
 Problems at home
 Democratic peacebuilding is a new
form of imperialism

17.  IT try to maintain justice, liberty and
tolerance.
 Promotion of trade for peace
 Democratic World
 Set up Liberal Institutions
 Modern Welfare States