The document compares two paragraphs describing the author's love of living in San Francisco. The second paragraph is more effective because it combines the details from the first paragraph in a more cohesive manner using transition words and phrases. It also includes an additional point about disliking traffic while the first paragraph ends abruptly.

1. READ THE PARAGRAPHS BELOW. CHOOSE THE
PARAGRAPH THAT IS MORE EFFECTIVE.
1. I LOVE LIVING IN THE CITY. I HAVE A WONDERFUL VIEW OF
THE ENTIRE CITY. I HAVE AN APARTMENT. I CAN SEE THE
GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE. I CAN SEE MANY CARGO SHIPS PASS
UNDER THE BRIDGE EACH DAY. I LIKE THE RESTAURANTS IN
SAN FRANCISCO. I CAN FIND WONDERFUL FOOD FROM JUST
ABOUT EVERY COUNTRY. I
DON’T LIKE THE TRAFFIC IN THE CITY.
2. I LOVE LIVING IN THE CITY OF SAN FRANCISCO. I HAVE A
WONDERFUL VIEW OF THE ENTIRE CITY FROM MY APARTMENT
WINDOW. IN ADDITION, I CAN SEE THE GOLDEN GATE BRIDGE
UNDER WHICH MANY CARGO SHIPS PASS EACH DAY. I ALSO LIKE
SAN FRANCISCO BECAUSE I CAN FIND WONDERFUL
RESTAURANTS WITH FOOD FROM JUST ABOUT EVERY COUNTRY;
HOWEVER, I DON’T LIKE THE TRAFFIC IN THE CITY.

2. SENTENCE STRUCTURE

3. SENTENCE STRUCTURE
Introduction: What is a clause ?
A group of related words that has a subject and a
predicate (Subject & Verb)
Any other group of related words that does not have
a subject and a verb combination must be a phrase.
Types: Independent & Dependent Clauses
Independent Clause= Subject/Verb/Complete Idea:
Mary plays tennis.

4. CLAUSES:
Dependent Clause= Subject/Verb/Incomplete Idea: Because Mary
plays tennis.
There are two types of dependent clauses: Subordinating clause
Subordinating Conjunction+ Subject+ Verb.
Example: Because Mary plays tennis.
Relative Clause: Relative Pronoun+Subject+Verb.
Example: Bob insisted that we finish early.
(that we finish early: Relative pronoun+Subject+Verb = Relative
Clause)

5. SENTENCE STRUCTURE CHART©
TYPE IND. CLAUSE DEP. CLAUSE TRANS.
SIMPLE Only 1 0 N/A
COMPOUND 2 or more 0 1/ S/V/I/ ,FANBOYS S/V/I
2/ ; adv. Conj,
3/ ;
COMPLEX Only 1 1 or more 1/ Ind. CL + Dep. Cl
2/ Dep. CL+,+ Ind. CL
COMPOUND-COMPLEX 2 or more 1 or more Any of the above
SENTENCE TYPES

6. SENTENCE TYPES
Simple
Compound
Complex
Compound-
Complex

7. SIMPLE SENTENCE
Mary plays tennis.
SUBJECT PREDICATE
one subject one predicate

8. SIMPLE SENTENCE
play tennis.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject
&

9. SIMPLE SENTENCE
play tennis and swim.Tom and Mary
Compound Subject Compound Predicate
& &

10. Hi,
I’m Punctuation Pete!

11. SIMPLE SENTENCE
WITH COMPOUND SUBJECT
AND
COMPOUND PREDICATE
No comma before “and”
in compound
subjects and predicates!
Tom and Mary play tennis and swim.

12. COMPOUND SENTENCE WITH
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
SUBJECT PREDICATE
SUBJECT PREDICATE
and

13. COMPOUND SENTENCE
Tom swims,
Mary plays tennis.
and

14. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
FOR
AND
NOR
BUT
OR
YET
SO

15. Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent

16. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Tom swims, and Mary plays tennis.
Comma before “and”
in compound
sentences!

17. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
MOREOVER
HOWEVER
OTHERWISE
THEREFORE

18. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Independent

19. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS
Note: Semicolon before conjunctive
adverb and comma after conjunctive adverb!
Bob is handsome; moreover, he is rich.

20. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERBS “FLOAT”
 Conjunctive adverbs are sometimes called “floating”
adverbs because they can be positioned at the
beginning, in the middle, or at the end of a clause.

21. CONJUNCTIVE ADVERB:
IN THE MIDDLE
Bob is handsome; he is, moreover, rich.
Bob is handsome; he is rich, moreover.

22. COMPOUND SENTENCE:
SEMICOLON
Matt has benefited from his exercise
program; he is slim and energetic.

23. COMPLEX SENTENCE
Bob is popular
he is ugly.
even though

24. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
EVEN THOUGH
WHEN
BECAUSE
UNLESS
WHEREAS
ADVERB CLAUSES

25. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Independent Dependent

26. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.
Clause 1 Clause 2
Dependent Independent

27. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the MAIN clause is first,
it is usually NOT
followed by a comma!
Bob is popular even though he is ugly.

28. COMPLEX SENTENCE:
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
When the ADVERB clause is first,
it is followed by a comma!
Even though Bob is ugly, he is popular.

29. COMPOUND-COMPLEX SENTENCE
Mike is popular
he is good looking,
because
he is not very happy.
but

30. PRACTICE EXERCISES
 Each one of you is going to read the sentence on
each practice slide and select the correct sentence
type: Simple, Compound, Complex, or
Compound-Complex.
 Hint: Count how many independent and dependent clauses,
and use the sentence type chart you copied.

31. 31
The clown frightened
the little girl.
Simple

32. 32
After Mary added up
all the sales, she
discovered that the
lemonade stand was
32 cents short.
Complex

33. 33
The clown frightened
the little girl, and she
ran off screaming.
Compound

34. 34
The Freedom Riders
departed on May 4,
1961.
Simple

35. 35
The Freedom Riders
departed on May4,
1961, and they were
determined to travel
through many
southern states.
Compound

36. 36
After Mary added up
all the sales, she
discovered that the
lemonade stand was
32 cents short.
Complex

37. 37
After you finish the
first assignment, take
a break.
Complex

38. 38
After finishing the
first assignment, you
may take a break.
Simple

39. 39
There are no
Available seats.
Simple

40. 40
Catch-22 is widely
regarded as Joseph
Heller’s best novel,
and because Heller
served in World War
II, which the novel
Satirizes, the zany but savage
Wit of the novel packs an
Extra punch.
compound-Complex

41. 41
Any
Questions?