This document discusses different types of cause and effect essays. It explains that a cause and effect essay can analyze a single cause with multiple effects, multiple causes with a single effect, or a chain reaction of events (domino effect). Examples are provided for each type. The document also provides outlines for sample cause and effect essays, breaking down the main points and subpoints to illustrate the format.

2.  It distinguishes the connection between a certain event
and what has caused it.
 In this kind of essay, the aim is to explain the causes
(reasons) or the effects (results) of an event or situation.
 Depending on the kinds of cause – effect questions you
may be asked, there are three types you must know.

3.  First example: 1 Effect – Multiple Causes
 E.g: Air pollution is caused by the following factors:
exhaust gases from cars, uncontrolled factory releases,
and burning of low quality coal for heating.

4. I. exhaust gases from cars
 A. government does not have enough control
 B. citizens are not conscientious
II. uncontrolled factory gases
 A. no regular checks on gases released
 B. factories are inside the borders of residential areas
III. burning of low-quality coal for heating
 A. no governmental control
 B. other forms of energy too expensive

5.  2nd
Example: 1 Cause, Multiple Effects
 In this pattern, the effects of a certain situation are
explained.
 E.g: Watching too much TV is one of the major
sociological issues of this century, which has many
effects on the physiology and psychology of people.

6. I. eating disorders
 A. TV meals
 B. obesity
II. communication problems
 A. more violence
 B. no interpersonal talk

7.  3rd
Example: The Domino Effect
 In this pattern, the events lead one thing to another.
 E.g: Using deodorants with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
gas will bring the end of world.

8.  I. Chlorofluorocarbon gases are contained in most deodorants and
released by some factories into the air.
 II. This gas causes the ozone layer to become thinner and finally
disappear in patches.
 III. The unfiltered ultraviolet rays of the sun cause overheating in
the poles of the earth, where the icebergs start to melt.
 IV. The huge amount of water released from the poles leads to a rise
in the sea-level.
 V. The sea will cover the land and this will be the end of the world.

9.  Intro: Using deodorants with chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)
gas will bring the end of world.
 Main Points
 1st
cause (CFC is released into the air) + 1st
effect
(thinning of ozone layer)
 2nd
cause (Ozone layer thins) + 2nd
effect (melting of ice
caps)
 3rd
cause (melting of ice caps) + 3rd
effect (rise in sea
levels)

10.  Ozagac, O. (2004). Cause and Effect Essay.
http://www.buowl.boun.edu.tr/students/types
%20of%20essays/Cause%20and%20effect
%20Essay.htm