2. PRE-READING
Figure out your purpose of reading
State what you know about the topic
Look at the questions that follow the text (if any)
WHILE-READING
Write down your thoughts
Identify the writer’s main points
Highlight any words, phrases or sentences that interest you
3. POST-READING
Think again about what you have read
Write down your opinion
Answer the questions that follow (if any)
Discuss with your friends about the topic
4. SKIMMING
A reading skill used to get the general idea of the text
Quicker-it is done in 3 to 4 times quicker than normal
reading
Employed when readers have a lot to read in a short time
Look out for key words, phrases, headings, subheadings to
get the general idea
E.g reading newspapers, flipping through magazines, surfing
the Internet
5. SCANNING
A selective reading skill used to find specific information
quicker
Involves quick eye movement down the page to look for
specific words, phrases or sentences
Readers do not read everything in detail but pay attention to
only specific parts that may concern the information sought
after
E.g looking for cupcakes recipe in a cookbook, searching for
an electrician in Yellow Pages, looking for an answer in a
specific paragraph
7. NOUNS
Words or expressions that refers to people, places, things
and activity
Countable and Uncountable nouns
COUNTABLE NOUNS UNCOUNTABLE NOUNS
A panda is missing from the zoo Sugar is not good for our health
A lot of pandas are missing from A lot of sugar is not good for our
the zoo health
8. Concrete and Abstract nouns
CONCRETE ABSTRACT
five senses: you see them, You cannot see them,
hear them, smell them, hear them, smell them,
taste them, and feel taste them, or feel them.
them.
student intelligence
fire fighter bravery
dog loyalty
pencil eloquence
computer convenience
9. Collective nouns
Group or class that is composed of members
army council minority
audience department navy
board faculty public
cabinet family school
class firm senate
committee group society
company jury team
corporation majority troupe
10. Common and Proper nouns
Common Noun Proper Noun
writer Muhammad Haji Salleh
lecturer Miss Dia
cat Garfield
cookie Oreo
city Johor Bahru
restaurant Secret Recipe
university UiTM
11. Gerunds
Every gerund ends with –ing but not every word that ends with
–ing is gerund
Gerunds show activities, present participles show actions
GERUNDS PRESENT PARTICIPLE
Masyi’s hobby is shopping Masyi is shopping some dresses
Shima and Aan enjoy swimming I cannot eat with Shima and Aan
more than watching Upin & Ipin because they are swimming right
now
When he was alive, singing was Fall Out Boys are singing
Michael Jackson’s talent Michael Jackson’s song in
Singapore
13. Personal pronouns- replace nouns
E.g I, you, he, she, it, we, they, you
Reflexive pronouns- reflect and emphasizes nouns
E.g myself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves, yourself,
yourselves
She always hurts herself in P.E. class
Possessive pronouns- shows ownership of the nouns
E.g my, mine, your, yours, our, ours, his, hers
Relative pronouns- relates the information that comes after them
to specific nouns
E.g students who are lazy will be kicked out
Interrogative pronouns- form questions
E.g what, when, how, who, why, where
