2. With the massive development in the field of computer
graphics a broad range of graphics hardware and software
systems are available.
With personal computers… usage of variety of interactive
input devices and graphics software packages
Higher-quality applications… usage of special-purpose
graphics hardware systems and technologies
Introduction to Graphics Systems
3. VIDEO DISPLAY DEVICES
RASTER-SCAN SYSTEMS
RANDOM-SCAN SYSTEMS
GRAPHICS MONITORS AND
WORKSTATIONS
INPUT DEVICES
HARD-COPY DEVICES
GRAPHICS SOFTWARE
Graphics Systems
15. Beam Penetration Method
Two Layers of Phosphor
Basic light (Red and Green)
Orang and Yellow
Inexpensive
Quality is not good
16.
17. Shadow Mask Method
Wide Range of Colors
Basic light (Red, Blue and Green)
Three Guns are used
Expensive
Quality is better
18.
19. CRT Displays
Advantages
Fast response (high
resolution possible)
Full colour (large
modulation depth of E-
beam)
Saturated and natural
colours
Inexpensive, matured
technology
Wide angle, high contrast
and brightness
Disadvantages
Large and heavy (typ.
70x70 cm, 15 kg)
High power consumption
(typ. 140W)
Harmful DC and AC
electric and magnetic
fields
Flickering at 50-80 Hz (no
memory effect)
Geometrical errors at
edges
22. Plasma-panel Displays
Two Plates
Mixture of gases (Neon)
Small gas-filled capsules are
excited by electric field, emits
UV light
UV excites phosphor
Phosphor relaxes, emits
some other color
23. Plasma-panel Displays
Two glass plates separated
by neon gas
Vertical and horizontal
conductors
Very rugged
No refreshing
Screens can be transparent
and overlay documents
Used to be available in
monochrome (Orange)
Now available in colour
24. Plasma-panel Displays
Advantages
–Large viewing angle
–Good for large-format displays
–Fairly bright
Disadvantages
–Expensive
–Large pixels (~1 mm versus ~0.2 mm)
–Phosphors gradually deplete
–Less bright than CRTs, using more power
25. Liquid Crystal Displays
Liquid Crystal Display
A transmissive technology
Works by letting varying
amounts of a fixed-intensity
white backlight through an
active filter
Organic crystals that align
themselves together
When external force is
applied they realign
themselves
This is used to change
polarisation and filter light
27. Liquid Crystal Displays
Transmissive & reflective LCDs:
– LCDs act as light valves, not light emitters, and
thus rely on an external light source.
– Laptop screen: backlit, transmissive display
– Palm Pilot/Game Boy: reflective display
28. Advantages
Small footprint (approx 1/6 of CRT)
Light weight (typ. 1/5 of CRT)
Low power consumption (typ. 1/4 of CRT)
Completely flat screen - no geometrical errors
Crisp pictures - digital and uniform colours
No electromagnetic emission
Fully digital signal processing possible
Large screens (>20 inch) on desktops
Liquid Crystal Displays
30. Three-Dimensional Viewing Devices
Vibrating flexible mirror
Stereoscopic and virtual
-reality systems
-shutter glasses (with tracking)
-headset with tracking
-other VR devices
Holograms
NC-mills + soft material
Stereo-lithographic apparatus
(SLA)
31. Virtual reality = stimulation of the human senses to
simulate a fictive environment
eyes: private eye, head mounted displays (hmd)
ears: headphones, loudspeakers in hmd
tactile sense: data glove, data suit, treadmill
Virtual Reality Devices
32. •2 small screens display
•images for both eyes:
•high immersion degree
•head movement controls
•virtual camera
•artificial image only
•low resolution (e.g. 256 x 210)
•very expensive
•narrow view-angle
Head Mounted Display