Introduction of Computer Graphics

1. Computer Graphics
Lecture 01
Introduction
Muhammad Sajid Maqbool
sajidmaqbool7638@gmail.com

2. Definition
Computers…
accept, process, transform and present information.
Computer Graphics…
involve technology to accept, process, transform and present
information in a visual form that also concerns with producing
images (or animations) using a computer.

3.  Visualization
– I like to see what I’m doing
– I like to show people what I’m doing
 Graphics is interesting
– Involves simulation, algorithms, architecture…
 Requirement
– Just ask Intel…
 Entertainment
– Roll the video…
Why Study Computer Graphics?

4. TEXT BOOK
Introduction to Computer Graphics
using Open GL
by Donald Hearn and M. Pauline Baker
published by Prentice Hall

5. Course Outline
• Introduction
• Hardware
• Point
• Line
• Circle
• Mathematics
• Filling Algorithms I
• Filling Algorithms II
 Filling Attributes
 Transformation
 Types of
Transformation
 Drawings in 2d
 3d Concepts
 3d Mathematics
 Projections

6. Course Outline
• Parallel Projection
• Types of Parallel
Projection
• Perspective Projection
• Perspective Detail
• Hidden Surface Removal
• Rasterization
• Clipping
 Light And Light
Sources
 Light Models
 Flat Shading
 Gouraud Shading
 Phong Shading
 Recursive Subdivision
 Introduction to Curves
and Surfaces,
Parametric Curves

7. Course Outline
• Cubic Curves and
Interpolation
• Hermite Curves and Surfaces
• Bezier Curves and Surfaces
• Cubic B-Splines Curves and
Surfaces
• General B-Splines
• Rendering of Curves and
Surfaces
 Buffers and Mappings,
Texture Mapping
 Environment Maps, Bump
Maps
 Animation
 Recursive Methods and
Fractals
 Ray Tracing I
 Ray Tracing II
 Radiosity

8. Some History

9. History
The term “computer graphics” was invented in 1960 by
William Fetter to describe new design methods that he was
developing at Boeing.
He created a series of widely reproduced images on a
plotter exploring design using a 3D model of a human body

10. SketchPad: first interactive graphics (1961)
Spacewars: first computer graphics game (MIT 1961
Whirlwind:
early
graphics
using
VectorScope
(1951)
first CAD system (IBM 1959)
History

11. First bump-mapped images (Blinn 1978) Early texture-mapped image (Catmull 1974)
First distributed ray traced image (Cook 1984) First ray traced image (Whitted 1980)
History

12. Graphics Applications
 User Interfaces
 Layout and Design
 Scientific Visualization and Analysis
 Art and Design
 Medicine and Virtual Surgery
 Layout Design & Architectural Simulations
 History and cultural heritage
 Entertainment
 Simulations
 Games

13. B205 Control Console (1960)
User Interfaces
CAVE: Immersive and
Interactive 3D
environment
3D Studio MAX

14. Layout and Design

15. Scientific Visualization and Analysis

16. ART AND DESIGN

17. The Visible Human project
Medicine and Virtual Surgery

18. Room Layout Design
and Architectural
Simulations

19. Layout Design & Architectural Simulations

20. Layout Design & Architectural
Simulations

21. Layout Design & Architectural Simulations

22. Layout Design & Architectural
Simulations

23. History and
cultural heritage

24. Tron (1980)
First time computer graphics were used for
live action sequences.
Movies

25. Fully computer generated
animated features
Movies

26. Star Wars (1977)
Movies

27. Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan, genesis effect (1983)
The Last Starfighter (15 minutes) (1982)
Movies

28. Special Effects… in
Live Action Cinema
Jurassic park, Titanic
and T2
Movies

29. “Traditional” Animated
Features…
Some examples:
• Automating Key-framing
in many Disney-type
animations
• The flocking behaviour of
the wild-beast in Lion King
• Non photorealistic
rendering: 3D effects in
Futurama
Movies

30. Behind the scenes on Antz Production
Number of frames in the movie 119,592
Number of times the movie was
rendered during production
15 (approx.)
Number of feet of approved
animation produced in a week
107 ft.
Total number of hours of rendering
per week
275,000 hrs.
Average size of the frame rendered 6 MB
Movies

31. Behind the scenes on Antz Production
Total number of Silicon Graphics servers used for
rendering
270
Number of desktop systems used in production 166
Total Number of processors used for rendering 700
Average amount of memory per processor 256 MB

32. Movies
Average amount of memory per processor 256MB
Time it would have taken to render this movie on 1 processor
54 yrs., 222 days,
15 mins., 36 secs.
Amount of storage required for the movie 3.2 TB
Amount of frames kept online at any
Given time 75000 frames

33. Simulations

34. Game

35. Related Disciplines
DATA
IMAGES
Data
Processing
Image
Processing
Computer
Vision
Computer
Graphics

36. Interdisciplinary
• Science
• Physics: light, color, appearance, behaviour
• Mathematics: Curves and Surfaces, Geometry and
Perspective
• Engineering
• Hardware: graphics media and processors, input and
output devices
• Software: graphics libraries, windows systems
• Art, Perception and Aesthetics
• Color, Composition, Lighting, Realism