This document discusses learning and the elements that make up an effective learning situation. It defines learning as a process through which behavior changes as a result of experience. An effective learning situation includes a knowledgeable teacher, interested learners, relevant subject matter, adequate teaching aids and facilities, and principles of adult learning. Senses like sight have a strong impact on learning retention, with learners retaining about 83% of visual information. Different types of learning are discussed, like conditioned response learning, verbal learning, motor learning, and attitude learning. Thorndike's laws of learning and various theories of learning like behavioral and cognitive theories are also summarized.

1. Learning
It is the process by which an individual, through his
own efforts and abilities, changes his behaviour
Any change of behaviour which takes place as a
result of experience may be called learning
It is a process by which a relative permanent
Change or modification in Behaviour occurs as a
result of Practice or Experience

2. • Learning is active process as the part of the
learner
• Extension workers prime role is to create the
“Learning Situations”

3. ELEMENTS OF LEARNING SITUATION
TEACHER
PHYSICAL
FACILITIES
TEACHNING
AIDS
LEARNER
SUBJECT
MATTER

4. Teacher/Instructor
Teaching objectives are clearly significant to the learner and a
r
e
attainable through the educational process with in the mental
physical limitations of the learners
Thorough knowledge of the subject matter
Enthusiastic and interested in subject matter
Democratic instructional procedures
Well prepared, prompt in teaching-learning session
Minimize the distraction within & out side learning session
Skillful in using the teaching materials & equipment
Prepare & use teaching plan

5. Learner
• Need for information
• Interested
• Capable of learning
• Must use information gained

6. Subject Matter
• Pertinent to learner’s need
• Applicable to real life situations
• Well organized and logically presented
• Presented clearly
• Challenging, satisfying and significant to the
learners
• Fit into overall objectives

7. Teaching aid
• Meet the needs effectively
• Readily available
• Each item must be used skillfully

8. Physical Facilities
• Free from outside distraction
• Well lighted & ventilated
• Adequate space for group
• Well arranged comfortable furniture

9. Principle o f Adult Learning
• Learning is personal (active process)
• Involvement (themselves)
• Readiness
• Association
• Conditioned principle (physical & psychological climate)
• Comfort assist learning
• Adopt teaching (as per the needs)
• Distribution (short lesson)
• Capacity (rate of learning)
• Arousing interest
• Enough practice & Encouragement

10. E f f e c t o f senses on Learning
• Taste 1%
• T
ouch 1.5%
• Smell 3.5%
• Hearing 11%
• Sight 83%

11. Learners abiLity t o r e t a i n
• Read 10%
• Hear 20%
• See 30%
• See & Hear 50%
• What they say as they talk 70%
• Practically doing 90%

12. Types o f Learning
• Conditioned Response Learning
An organism reacts to a new experience on the
basis of identical past experience further the
learning is based on and referred to past-learnt
experience.
• Verbal Learning
Ability to manipulate symbols, as in language,
makes it possible for us to learn things
• Motor Learning (Skill learning)
Individual learns muscular coordination as a
mode response to some situation

13. • Perceptual Learning
As a result of past experience people perceive
the situation differently. One-way changing a
persons habit of responding is to change the
way in which the individual perceives the
environment
• Attitude Learning
An attitude is an emotionalized system of
ideas, which predisposes an individual to act in
certain way under certain conditions. Our past
experiences will results in giving favorable or
unfavorable response to objects, persons,
situations or ideas

14. Laws o f Learning: Thorndike’s
Laws
• The law of readiness
• The law of exercise
• The law of effect
• The law of belongingness

15. Theories o f Learning
• Behavioural Theory
– Classical conditioning theory
– Trial and error theory
– Operant or Instrumental conditioning theory
• Cognitive Theory
• Humanistic Theory