This document discusses several learning theories: 1) Behaviourism focuses on measurable behaviors and how learners adapt responses based on role models. 2) Constructivism means learners construct their own knowledge, either individually or collectively, to solve problems and benefit their community. 3) Connectivism defines learning through technological connections like social media that allow learners to connect. The document provides an overview of these theories and links to a YouTube video further explaining behaviourism, constructivism, connectivism, and cognitivism.

1. Learning theories
Open Educational Resource

2. FLIPPED CLASSROOM (LEARNING THEORIES)
Students prepare
reading textbook
/ articles /
watching videos
Student indicate
preparation via
online activity
Paper / Online
Active learning
APPLYING your
knowledge
e.g. case study,
discussions,
debates, etc.
Discussion Groups
Assessment e.g.
assignment,
written exam etc.
Online/Contact
Preparation & Activities

3. Learning theories (Behaviourism, Social
constructivism, and Constructionism)
Introduction
Learning can takes places in different forms such experiential leaning,
planned leaning, unplanned learning, connectivism, behaviourism, social
constructivism and other forms of learning. Learning theories can be defined
as the way the information is absorbed and processed in the human brain. It
can be in form of a planned learning, unplanned leaning and incidental
learning. Learning can be in different ways such as experiential learning,
behaviourism leaning, connectivism, Social constructivism, and
Constructionism. According to defines a learning theories as a scope of the
theory, learning process, and the view of the learners (Mitchell et al, 2013).

4. Behaviourism
• Behaviourism can be defined as learning through measurable
behavior and focus on human mental activities as a psychological
approach.
• Learners learn through behaviour changing process, through their
wrong doing, trial, error and right doing. The main characteristics
focuses on the human behaviour, adaptive response, observable
behaviour, and observable outcomes. Learners look to their role
models such teachers, doctors, and pastors behaviour to influence
their adaptive responses to be their learning (Conole et al, 2004).

5. Constructionism
Constructivism means learners have to construct their own meaning of
knowledge, it can be either individual or collective. Learners use his
skills or knowledge to solve existing problem in a community.
Constructivism is developmental and learners make sense of the skills
to provide to benefits the community (Jones et al, 2002).

6. Connectivism
• Connectivism is defined as pedagogical and technological information
to connect learners through cell phones, internet, WhatsApp, and
Facebook.

7. Learning theories resources
• Students click on the link to watch a YouTube video about 4 learning
theories behaviourism, constructivism, connectivism and cognitivism.
• https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACowHxGEAUg

8. References
• Conole, G., Dyke, M., Oliver, M., & Seale, J. (2004). Mapping
pedagogy and tools for effective learning design. Computers &
Education, 43(1), 17-33.
• Mitchell, R., Myles, F., & Marsden, E. (2013). Second language
learning theories. Routledge.
• Jones, M. G., & Brader-Araje, L. (2002). The impact of constructivism
on education: Language, discourse, and meaning. American
Communication Journal, 5(3), 1-10.