A studio newsreader reports from a news studio, presenting information in a trusted manner. Field reporters provide live on-location reports to give audiences a closer understanding of situations. Interview formats allow audiences to hear varied opinions that can help increase knowledge or spark disagreement. Experts and witnesses lend credibility through experience or first-hand accounts. Documentaries use different styles like expository to directly convey points or observational to film without interfering and draw understanding later.

1. LEARNING OUTCOME
2
CODES &
CONVENTIONS
By Josh McLean

2. Studio Newsreader
 A Studio newsreader is a presenter who
reports in a news studio presenting a
broadcasted show on television or the internet.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bgiUScUCN
AE
 When on screen a studio newsreader is
looked upon as a trusted figure, you can and
are expected to believe the information put
across by them.

3. Field Reporter
 This style of reporting is a on scene report
broadcasted live usually. On the location of the
subject matter in hand.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BXnoQuyS
GhQ
 Field reporters make the audience understand
the situation that the subject which is being
reported & the information which is being put
across is believed because of there closeness
to the situation/accident that’s has taken place.

4. Links to Studio
 When a television program is taking place in a
studio and another report is taking place so the
camera switches to another report in a
different studio in a different location
 The televised conversation switching between
or spilt screening, this makes the audience
feel involved in the conversation and
understand what is going more because of the
relaxed but formal style of the conversation
between both reporters.

5. Mode of Address to Viewers
 The mode of address is how the host of the show,
presenter, interviewer etc.. Interact/treat the
audience and how that effects what’s going on, on
screen and the surroundings effect on the
audience
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AzuhxqSZ2Wc
 This way of treating the audience makes them feel
a lot more involved in the goings on of the show
but also could make them feel uncomfortable
because of they do not want to be involved they
would just like the information conveyed to them,
not to be involved

6. Interviewing
 An interview consists of a presenter usually on
location to a certain subject matter but sometimes
not. A interviewee is asked question, interviewed
about the movie they have just starred in for
example.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=B-ceJCE214s
 When watching interviews the audience get
‘normal peoples’ opinions and views which they
can relate to or disagree with. When many
interviews are shown on screen the audience
have a wide variety of opinions on the topic of
discussion, so there knowledge or understanding
is helped.

7. Experts & Witnesses
 Experts and witnesses are used to back up the
argument or point that is trying to be put across
because a expert is master in the art in relevance
to the information and a witness was at the
location which has happened so there
involvement makes them the best person to be
involved.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S4iv2Rl9P3Y
 When experts and witness opinions or story’s are
conveyed to the audience the information they put
forward is thought to be trustworthy because of
there position either having been at the incident or
being a expert in a certain field.

8. Report Structure
 A report structure is the way in which a program is
pre-planned so when on screen has a flow. Laid out in
a certain way so that certain information is showed
before another piece, maybe done on a story board.
This is done so that when the audience are watching
a program like the news the information put across is
not scrambled up or so it does not confuse the
audience.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UDpc7F7KiSk
 The way the program is laid out is specifically too
keep the audiences attention drawn to what is on
screen, they are usually happy or moving stories
which is conveyed at the end so the audience stay
interested until the final part.

9. Actuality
 This style is when there is a film clip on
screen, a narrator is talking about the relevant
clip on screen as its actually happening.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IYstwfCLR3
k
 When watching this style of documentary the
audience understand the clips a lot more with
a running commentary about the relevant clips.

10. Documentary Formats

11. Expository
 This style of documentary format is used when
trying to convey a point or opinion directly too
the audience, continuously repeating the point
that’s is trying to be put across, in a
authorative way.
 A hard hitting effect on the audience, throwing
all the information directly at them, leaving
them confused and wanting to understand
more about the program.

12. Observational
 When filming this style of documentary you do
not participate in finding key information or
gaining interviews, you film/observe what is
going on in a habitat or environment using a
voice over, this style of filming is used in David
Attenborough's Frozen Planet.
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hObov-
E540o
 The information given on screen is in no
particular order so can confuse but at the end
of the program it all starts to make sense and
can be understood.

13. Interactive
 When filming a interactive documentary, the
filmmaker is featured in the film. The belief of
this style of documentary is that it is
‘impossible for the act of film making to not
influence or alter the events being filmed.’
http://girishshambu.blogspot.com/2006/12/six-types-of-documentary.html
 When viewing a interactive style documentary
the audience sometimes feel that what is on
screen is quite set up or un realistic due to
participants being in the film, but some
programs this does not effect.

14. Reflexive
 A reflexive documentary is a style in which the
film maker wants the audience to question
whether the documentary is telling the truth, or
wonder if you as the audience are being
misled.
 This documentary gives a lot of mixed
thoughts between the audience because the
program is to intentionally meant to get the
audience thinking and questioning what is on
screen, this keeps the audience interested.

15. Per Formative
 This style of documentary try's to create a
emotional outcry to the audience making them
understand how they are feeling, usually tells
a personal story.
 The audience is meant to feel emotionally
attached to the main character on screen,
drawn into the real life of the film, as like other
documentary formats too keep the audiences
attention on the program.