educational purposes

1. Leading causes of morbidity
and mortality in the
Philippines

2. What is morbidity? And mortality?
*morbidity is a disease or a symptom of
disease, or to the amount of disease within a
population. Morbidity also refers to medical
problems caused by a treatment.
*mortality refers to the state of being mortal
(destined to die). In medicine, a term also
used for death rate, or the number of deaths
in a certain group of people in a certain
period of time.

3. What are the ways of transmission or
spread of a communicable disease?
 *Direct Transmission: This is done through direct person to person contact such as kissing,
touching, bloodtransfusion, or sexual intercourse
*Indirect Transmission: This occurs when the pathogen is transferred from one person to
another indirectly such as by touching objects which served as temporary reservoir of the
pathogen or fomites, or inhailing tiny droplets released by an infected person through
sneezing, talking, or coughing.
*Airborne Trainsmission: This occurs when pathogens such as viruses or bacteria are
transferred from one person to another through small respiratory droplets or dust. The
pathogens are trasferred to a new host when it comes into contact with them.
*Vector-borne Transmission: This occurs when pathogen is being transferred through carriers
or vectors like insect such as flies, mosquitoes and fleas, or other animals.

4. The top 10 causes of death in the
Philippines were as follows:
1.Ischemic heart diseases
2.Cerebrovascular diseases
3.Neoplasms
4.Diabetes mellitus
5.Hypertensive diseases
6.Pneumonia
7.Other heart diseases
8.Chronic lower respiratory diseases
9.Remainder of diseases of the genitourinary system
10.Respiratory tuberculosis

5.  How do we prevent communicable
diseases? Prventing communicable diseases
is not easy but there are ways like
 Don't share personal Items. (toothbrush, towels,
etc)
 Stay at home when sick (to avoid spreading the
illness through airborne)
 Handle & Prepare Food Safely. Food can carry
germs.
 (wash them thoroughly and cook them properly)
 These are only some examples showing you how
to prevent them.

6. WASH CAMP
 *Wash your hands regularly.
*Avoid sharing personal belongings.
*Stay and rest at home when sick.
*Handle and prepare food hygienically.
*Cover your mouth when you cough or sneeze.
*Avoid touching animals that may bring diseases.
*Make sure you get vaccinated.
*Properly disinfect and clean surfaces like toilet bowls,
sinks, etc.

7.  Aside from
WASHCAMP, we
actually have our
own defenses
against infection.
These are classified
as follows

8. Defenses
 A. Mechanical defenses: Our skin, mucous membranes, respiratory and gastrointestinal
tracts, tiny hairs and cilia, earwax, and even tears serve as our mechanical defenses.
They initially protect us from the possible source of any cause of infection, be it
internal or external.
B. Biochemical defenses: These refer to the body’s immune system to fight a gainst
specific types of bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. These may be natural acquired
immunity.
*The white bloodcells are our natural immunity. They normally kill any type of
pathogens that may have entered our body.
*Actively acquired immunity: immunity develops when your body produces antibodies
which will destroy antigens and the toxins they release. Antigens cause the production
of antibodies as they may be microorganisms or foreign bodies that bring about
diseases. An example of this is the chickenpox. Once a person had chickenpox, antigens
for this disease had already been produced in the body which prevent the disease to
recur.

9. Defenses
*Artificially acquired immunity is the process of vaccination or immuzination. This is
done when doses of vaccine containing weakened or killed pathogens are introduced
into the body. This vaccine serves as the antigen that triggers the production of the
antibodies. The immunity is the same with the actively acquired immunity, but with
vaccination, the person will not experience the diseas anymore. When a person is
given a vaccine against Hepatitis A, that person will not have Hepatitis A.
*In passively acquired immunity:A person is given an injection with antibodies that
provides temporary immunity to an infection. An example of this is when a person
was bitten by a dog, he/she will be given doses of anti-rabies vaccine so as to
prevent the infection.

10. in the Philippines
Some examples of the reportable
communicable diseases include
Influenza(Flu)
Bronchitis
Pneumonia
Acute Respiratory Infections
Tuberculosis
Dengue

11. Quiz
 Write T if the statement is TRUE write F if it’s false.
1. actively acquired immunity is given by an injection.
2. We have 7 defenses or immunity to fight infections/diseases.
3.Is getting vaccinated is part of the WASH CAMP
4.Is artificially acquired immunity is the process of vaccination or
immuzination?
5.Tears is part of our defenses
Multiple choices
6. This is done through direct person to person contact such as kissing,
touching, bloodtransfusion, or sexual intercourse
A.Vector-borne Transmission
B.Airborne Trainsmission
C.Direct Transmission
D.Indirect Transmission

12. Quiz
 7.This occurs when the pathogen is transferred from one person to another
indirectly such as by touching objects which served as temporary reservoir of
the pathogen or fomites, or inhailing tiny droplets released by an infected
person through sneezing, talking, or coughing.
A.Vector-borne Transmission
B.Indirect Transmission
C.Direct Transmission
D.Airborne Trainsmission
8.This occurs when pathogen is being transferred through carriers or vectors
like insect such as flies, mosquitoes and fleas, or other animals.
A.Airborne Trainsmission
B.Vector-borne Transmission
C.Indirect Transmission
Direct Transmission
9.is a disease or a symptom of disease, or to the amount of disease within a
population. BLANK also refers to medical problems caused by a treatment.

13. QUIZ
 10. In medicine, a term also used for death rate, or the number of deaths
in a certain group of people in a certain period of time.
 A. Mortality
B. Morbidity

14. Answers
 1.F
2.F
3.T
4.T
5.T
6.D
7.B
8.B
9.A
10.A

15. What did you learn about the
lesson to day?