Leadership can be defined as the ability to influence a group toward achieving goals or a shared vision. There are different types of leadership that emerge from formal positions within an organization or outside of formal roles. Trait theories consider personal qualities that may differentiate leaders, such as the big five personality traits of conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, openness, and neuroticism. Behavioral theories propose that specific behaviors exhibited by leaders are what differentiate them, as shown in Ohio State and University of Michigan studies focusing on behaviors like consideration, initiating structure, production orientation, and employee orientation. Famous leaders demonstrate different leadership styles, such as charismatic, courageous, dominant, or tough styles.

1. What is Leadership?
It is the ability to influence a
group toward the
achievement of a set of goals
or vision.

2. Leadership Management
It is about coping It is about coping
with change complexity
Brings order and
Establish direction by consistency by
developing a vision drawing up formal
for the future. plans, designing
rigid organization
Inspiring people to structure and
overcome hurdles monitoring results
against plans

3. Non Sanctioned
Leadership
The ability to influence
that arises outside the
formal structure of the
organization

4. Formal Leadership
Leaders that emerged
from a formal
appointment by the
group

5. Trait Theories of
Leadership
Theories that consider
personal qualities and
characteristics that
differentiate leaders from non
leaders

6. Big Five Personality
Framework
Conscientiousness: Common
Extraversion: characteristics such
Agreeableness: This personality
Openness: ThisIndividuals high in
features of this trait features
Neuroticism: sociability, include
dimension
asdimension such as imagination
excitability,
characteristicsincludes attributes
high levels of thoughtfulness, with
this trait tend to experience
talkativeness, assertiveness and
and insight,asinstability,and in this
goodsuch andcontrolhigh goal-
trust, altruism,
impulse those anxiety,
emotional of emotional
high amountsto have a broad range
kindness, affection, and other
traitmoodiness, irritability, and in
directed tend
also behaviors. Those high
expressiveness. behaviors.
prosocial
of interests. sadness.tend to be
conscientiousness
organized and mindful of details.

7. Charismatic, Margaret Thatcher
of South African Nelson Mandela
Adolf Hitler
Courageous
Steve Jobsand Ken Chenault,
of Apple
Dominant
Enthusiastic
Richard Branson, CEO
American Express
Chairman
of Virgin group

8. Behavioural Theories
Theories proposing that specific
behaviours differentiate leaders from non
leaders
It is about behaviours exhibited by
specific leaders. The research was
.
started during late 1940’s through
1960’s.
There are to studies relating to
Behavioural Theories, the Ohio
state studies and the University of
Michigan Studies.

9. Ohio State Studies
There are two substantially accounted
behaviour which are:
Examples:
Initiating Structure: the extent
Consideration: the extent
Examples:
to which a leader is likely to helps her
The likely to have
leader
which a leaderthe leader assigns group
If is his or her
define and structure
employee with her
a job realationships to a particular task or
members by mutual
role and those of subordinates
trust, respect for subordinates’ or she
personal problem
in search forshe emphasizes meetings and
goal attainment
ideas and regard fordeadlines. and
is approachable
their
feelings. friendly

10. University of Michigan Studies
They have distinguished two dimensions of
leadership behaviour which are:
Production Oriented Leader: A leader who
Employee Oriented Leader: A leader who
emphasizes interpersonal task aspects of
emphasizes technical or relations, takes
personal interest in the leaders are often
the job. This type of needs of employees
and accepts with low group productivity
associated individual differences among
members. This type of leaders are often
and lower job satisfaction.
associated with higher group productivity
and greater job satisfaction

11. Larry Ellison, CEO of
Oracle
Tough talking, Intense
and Autocratic
Tom Saibel of Siebel Systems

12. End..