This document presents information about lead content in the Indian water system. It discusses what lead is, its effects, and how it enters the water system through various sources like oceans, rivers, tap water, and wells. It finds that lead levels in Indian water ranges from 50 to 400 μg/L. Several cities in India are at high risk of lead contamination in their water. Steps are recommended to reduce lead levels, including testing water, checking pH levels, and restricting pollution from industries and leaded gasoline. The conclusion is that human activities have contributed greatly to rising lead levels in water.

1. Lead Content In Indian
Water System
Presented by:
Kanchan Agrawal
BBA 4th semester
Roll No.- 02UG16010022

2. Presentation Outline
• What is Lead?
• Effects of Lead
• Water Supply System
• Lead in the water system
• How to get rid of lead content in water
• Recommendations
• Conclusion

3. What is Lead ?
• Lead is a chemical element with symbol
Pb and atomic number 82 .
• Lead is soft and malleable and has a
relatively low melting point.
• Lead enters our bodies from many
common contaminated sources other than
drinking water, such as dust, soil and air.

4. Effect of Lead
• Environmental Effects
• Effects of Lead on Plant
• Effects of Lead on Animals
• Effects of Lead on Humans

5. Water Supply System
A water supply system typically includes
• A drainage basin
• A raw water collection point
• Water Purification facilities
• Water storage facilities
• Pipe network for distribution of water to consumers

6. Lead in the Water System
• “Lead content in water in India ranges
from 50 to 400 µg/L.”
• Lead gets into water through a wide
variety of water sources like oceans, rivers,
drinking water, wells, tap water etc.

7. Lead in the Indian Ocean
• Indian Ocean documents
– high Pb concentrations in the northern and tropical
surface waters
– extremely low Pb levels in the deep water.
• Indian Ocean have high Pb concentrations resulting from
– Rapid industrialization
– Presence of leaded gasoline.

8. Lead Content in Rivers
• Rivers are considered sacred by people of India.
• Anthropogenic activities have generated important
transformations in aquatic environments .
• The various sources of lead which enters in to the
river bodies are paint, pesticides, batteries,
automobiles etc.
• Due to rapid industrialization, there has been an
increase in the amount of effluent being disposed
to natural water bodies.

10. Lead Content in Tap water
• Lead can enter drinking water through
service pipes that contain lead.
• Lead leaches into tap water through
the corrosion of plumbing materials.
• EPA(Environmental Protection
Agency) has set the maximum
contaminant level goal for lead in
drinking water at zero .

11. Lead Content in water: Cities at
Risk
Alarming High Medium Low
Kolkata Delhi Chennai Bangalore
Kochi Madurai Ludhiana Ahmedabad
Mumbai Bhubaneswar Surat Hyderabad
Pune Ghaziabad Indore
Nagpur Jamshedpur Chandigarh
Nasik Lucknow
Guwahati Mangalore
Mysore
Bhopal

12. How to get rid of lead content in
Water
• Lead poisoning causes severe effects and is a
matter of serious concern.
• Several Steps that can be taken to reduce the
level of lead in drinking water.
– Test your water supply
– Check the pH of your drinking water
– Lead in water action level
– Check lead level after taking steps above
– More local information on lead in water

13. Steps that can be taken to reduce level of lead in
Oceans
• Leaded gasoline that results in increase in the level of lead,
must be restricted from being emitted to oceans.
• As far as industrial activities are concerned, they must be
prohibited to reduce the exposure of lead in Indian Ocean.

14. Steps that can be taken to reduce
level of lead in Rivers
• Anthropogenic activities must be
restricted to reduce the level of lead in
rivers.
• Local authorities must take action to
ensure cleanliness and purification of river
water.

15. Recommendations
• Government and municipal committees must ensure that the
water supply in their state and locality is safe for consumption.
• Rivers must not be polluted with harmful toxic metals.
• Oceans must not be polluted with leaded gasoline and
industrial activities which raises the lead contamination.
• Public should be aware regarding harmful health effects
caused by lead.
• Public should be trained to reduce or eliminate the level of
lead in their drinking water.

16. Conclusion
• Lead content in water is rendering much of the available water
unsafe for consumption.
• Due to industrial pollution, leaded gasoline, many
anthropogenic activities and a massive amount of lead present
in connecting water pipes contributes to exposure of lead in
the water system.
• It is an indication of the human footprint on the planet that
essentially all the lead in the water system results from human
activities.

17. THANK YOU…