Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs can successfully explain the various experimental data that was presented and discussed in the recently published, LENR-related US patent application filed June 8, 2012, by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Japan), US 2012/0269309 A2.
Readers are encouraged to download copies and compare various details of Lattice’s fundamental patent US # 7,893,414 (issued by the USPTO on February 22, 2011) with Mitsubishi’s above-noted, recently published US application.
Mitsubishi uses their EINR model published in 1998 to explain their experimental data; however, it is strictly a conceptual phenomenological model and does not explain physics of exactly how LENR catalytic neutrons are formed and why copious energetic neutron radiation is not observed; neither does it explain why prompt and delayed MeV gamma radiation is not emitted during neutron captures on various isotopes.
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs, as published in 2006 and 2010, fully explains the physics of ultra-low momentum neutron production, as well as the absence of deadly fluxes of energetic neutrons and ‘hard’ MeV-energy gamma radiation; Widom-Larsen theory’s deep insights in detailed device physics enables meaningful engineering of useful LENR devices for controlled production of thermal energy and/or purposeful transmutation of elements to accomplish a variety of objectives.
Conclusions: the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs can successfully explain the various experimental data that was presented and discussed in the recently published, LENR-related US patent application filed June 8, 2012, by Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Japan), US 2012/0269309 A2.
As a parting thought, please note that a number of large Japanese companies now have ongoing LENR R&D programs --- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toyota Central Research, and Toyota Motors, among others. That being the case, it is highly likely that one or more companies, somewhere, sometime in the not-too-distant future, will eventually succeed in commercializing LENRs.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs and the Future of Energy - Nov 27 2013Lewis Larsen
The Future of Energy --- Low Energy Neutron Reactions or LENRs:
- Represent a new type of paradigm-shifting nuclear technology.
- Differ greatly from present-day fission and fusion power generation technologies; LENRs are potentially much safer from environmental and biosafety perspectives.
- Embody a truly ‘green’ type of nuclear process: neither deadly hard neutron or gamma radiation emissions nor any measurable production of dangerous, long-lived radioactive wastes.
- Phenomena were hidden in plain sight for 100 years because hard radiation signatures and radioactive wastes are absent from LENR processes. With the benefit of today’s knowledge, examination of a large body of available published, peer-reviewed experimental literature shows that reliable reports of LENR effects, e.g. transmutation, date all the way back to the early 1900s.
- Lack of hard radiation emissions and long-lived radioactive wastes obviates need for shielding and containment subsystems; eliminates enormous amounts of weight and could reduce costs dramatically.
- Phenomena resisted understanding until Widom-Larsen theory integrated all the necessary conceptual pieces together into one coherent whole; W-L successfully explains all of the relevant experimental data.
- LENR device physics are now sufficiently well-understood to begin the commercialization process. Better understanding of the relevant physics creates major opportunities to develop safe, battery-like portable LENR power sources. Much larger LENR-based systems utilizing dusty plasma embodiments could also potentially be developed and scaled-up output-wise to reach many megawatts akin to today’s grid-connected central station power plants.
- Large manufacturing companies in Japan now have ongoing LENR R&D programs; list of players presently includes Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toyota Central Research, and Toyota Motor Company, among others.
Lattice Energy LLC- Toyota Confirms Mitsubishi Transmutation of Cs to Pr-Oct ...Lewis Larsen
In Oct. 2013, Toyota published a paper in the peer-reviewed Japanese Journal of Applied Physics which confirmed important experimental results that Mitsubishi Heavy Industries had first published in 2002. MHI had claimed transmutation of Cesium into Praseodymium via the forced diffusion of Deuterium gas through a thin-film heterostructure containing elemental Palladium using a permeation method pioneered by Mitsubishi; it is capable of triggering nuclear reactions in condensed matter systems under modest temperatures and pressures.
Importantly, all of this experimental data is predicted and fully explained by the peer-reviewed Widom-Larsen theory of low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs).
While the Mitsubishi permeation method is not a suitable embodiment for commercial power generation systems based on LENRs, it has proven to be an excellent laboratory tool for demonstrating that nuclear transmutations can be triggered at will without the use of huge macroscopic temperatures and pressures. In other words, aging stars, supernovae, fission reactors, and thermonuclear explosions are not necessarily required; nucleosynthesis can occur in tabletop experiments that surprisingly do not have or need any radiation shielding.
Toyota's experimental confirmation of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries’ (MHI) neutron-catalyzed LENR-based transmutation method also effectively provided a proof-of-concept for disposal of rather nasty radioactive Cesium (Cs-137) commonly found in nuclear fission reactor wastes into other heavier, non-radioactive stable elements/isotopes using MHI’s permeation process. In principle, a variant of MHI's LENR method with larger neutron fluxes would be extremely flexible and should work on any other type of radioactive isotope that can capture low energy neutrons, e.g., very dangerous Strontium-90, many long-lived transuranics such as Neptunium (please see http://wwwndc.jaea.go.jp/nds/proceedings/2004/harada_h.pdf ), etc..
Lastly, at an American Nuclear Society meeting held in November 2012, Yasuhiro Iwamura of Mitsubishi revealed the Toyota Motor Company itself had recently become involved in LENR R&D, along with other large Japanese companies that he declined to name publicly. Given Japanese companies well known excellence at long-term strategic thinking, it would not be surprising if their ongoing LENR R&D programs aim to ultimately replace the internal combustion engine.
Powering the World to a Green LENR Future- Lattice Energy LLC-April 11 2013Lewis Larsen
Powering the world to a green LENR future – a not unduly technical Lattice overview for everybody - truly green hard-radiation-free nuclear energy exists: no gammas, no energetic neutrons, nor any radioactive wastes. During their brief existence, peak power densities in LENR-active sites on condensed matter surfaces vastly exceed the power density that prevails in the innermost core of the Sun.
Lattice Energy LLC - Japanese NEDO LENR project reported reasonably reproduci...Lewis Larsen
Japan’s NEDO industry-academia-government R&D program’s recent experimental results technically validated potential for LENRs to become major future energy source.
Excess heat was produced in ~ 80% of project’s reported LENR experiments. Whenever excess heat was created, it is most often at Watt-levels or better at reactor operating temperatures of 200 - 300 degrees C. Duration of excess heat production ranged up to weeks, which is non-trivial. Such LENR device behavior represents excellent reproducibility for complex early-stage technology. With respect to reproducibility of device fabrication methods and heat production, these are best-ever experimental results reported to date in field of LENRs.
Watt-level excess heat was produced in Hydrogen (H)- and Deuterium (D)-loaded experimental systems. No deadly energetic (MeV-energy) gamma or neutron radiation was detected during heat production in any project experimental runs. Such observations are consistent with and predicted by the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs which posits production and capture of ultralow energy neutrons on ‘fuel’ atoms which drive hard-radiation-free nuclear transmutation reactions and decays that release nuclear binding energy in form of copious heat.
In Lattice’s opinion, NEDO project’s outstanding experimental results change LENRs’ Technology Readiness Level (TRL) from TRL-3 to TRL-4 (European Commission definitions). This is an important step in commercialization of LENRs for power generation applications.
Lattice Energy LLC - March 2 Technova seminar in Tokyo released more info re ...Lewis Larsen
Japan’s NEDO-sponsored LENR device project released additional technical details at Technova seminar held in Tokyo on March 2, 2018. Japanese government is targeting commercialization of LENRs as a revolutionary, radiation-free nuclear technology for use in power generation and propulsion applications. NEDO project results to date have demonstrated Watt-level reproducibility of excess heat in small nanocomposite LENR devices. Assuming substantial scale-up of device heat output is possible, NEDO project’s technical achievement validates future potential for LENRs to someday become an important source of green CO2-free energy.
Lattice Energy LLC - Japanese NEDO industry-academia-government project - nan...Lewis Larsen
Nanocomposite LENR devices in Japanese NEDO industry-academia-government R&D project produced enough cumulative excess heat to boil a cup of tea.
Since 1989, production of calorimetrically measured excess heat during vast majority of experiments with purpose-fabricated LENR devices was a hit-or-miss proposition. When excess heat produced, was typically < 1 Watt for periods ranging from few hours to several days. NEDO greatly improved device fabrication, reproducibility, longevity, and excess heat performance.
For years skeptics summarily dismissed LENRs as a potential new energy source because experiments were unable to produce enough excess heat to even “boil a cup of tea.” Thanks to results of NEDO project, not any more.
NEDO project has demonstrated that LENRs can produce non-trivial, Watt-level amounts of excess heat from nanocomposite multi-metal devices without emission of deadly fluxes of energetic neutron or gamma radiation --- it is safe, radiation-free nuclear technology.
Lattice Energy LLC - Russia announces nuclear fission-powered cruise missile ...Lewis Larsen
In globally televised speech on March 1, President Vladimir Putin claimed that Russia has successfully developed and tested a nuclear-powered cruise missile with unprecedented performance capabilities. If real (which appears likely), this advanced weapon system is probably powered by an unshielded Uranium fission reactor. Such a propulsion system would almost certainly produce large emissions of deadly energetic neutron/gamma radiation and release radioactive waste particulates into reactor exhaust plumes that would be rather dangerous to exposed people and the environment.
Radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) --- which involve neither fission nor fusion --- now under development by Lattice, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toyota, and Nissan are a truly safe, green nuclear technology. Importantly, LENRs can potentially be scaled-up and might someday be able to safely propel future missiles, manned aircraft/UAVs, manned submarines/UUVs, and everyday motor vehicles.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs and the Future of Energy - Nov 27 2013Lewis Larsen
The Future of Energy --- Low Energy Neutron Reactions or LENRs:
- Represent a new type of paradigm-shifting nuclear technology.
- Differ greatly from present-day fission and fusion power generation technologies; LENRs are potentially much safer from environmental and biosafety perspectives.
- Embody a truly ‘green’ type of nuclear process: neither deadly hard neutron or gamma radiation emissions nor any measurable production of dangerous, long-lived radioactive wastes.
- Phenomena were hidden in plain sight for 100 years because hard radiation signatures and radioactive wastes are absent from LENR processes. With the benefit of today’s knowledge, examination of a large body of available published, peer-reviewed experimental literature shows that reliable reports of LENR effects, e.g. transmutation, date all the way back to the early 1900s.
- Lack of hard radiation emissions and long-lived radioactive wastes obviates need for shielding and containment subsystems; eliminates enormous amounts of weight and could reduce costs dramatically.
- Phenomena resisted understanding until Widom-Larsen theory integrated all the necessary conceptual pieces together into one coherent whole; W-L successfully explains all of the relevant experimental data.
- LENR device physics are now sufficiently well-understood to begin the commercialization process. Better understanding of the relevant physics creates major opportunities to develop safe, battery-like portable LENR power sources. Much larger LENR-based systems utilizing dusty plasma embodiments could also potentially be developed and scaled-up output-wise to reach many megawatts akin to today’s grid-connected central station power plants.
- Large manufacturing companies in Japan now have ongoing LENR R&D programs; list of players presently includes Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toyota Central Research, and Toyota Motor Company, among others.
Lattice Energy LLC- Toyota Confirms Mitsubishi Transmutation of Cs to Pr-Oct ...Lewis Larsen
In Oct. 2013, Toyota published a paper in the peer-reviewed Japanese Journal of Applied Physics which confirmed important experimental results that Mitsubishi Heavy Industries had first published in 2002. MHI had claimed transmutation of Cesium into Praseodymium via the forced diffusion of Deuterium gas through a thin-film heterostructure containing elemental Palladium using a permeation method pioneered by Mitsubishi; it is capable of triggering nuclear reactions in condensed matter systems under modest temperatures and pressures.
Importantly, all of this experimental data is predicted and fully explained by the peer-reviewed Widom-Larsen theory of low energy nuclear reactions (LENRs).
While the Mitsubishi permeation method is not a suitable embodiment for commercial power generation systems based on LENRs, it has proven to be an excellent laboratory tool for demonstrating that nuclear transmutations can be triggered at will without the use of huge macroscopic temperatures and pressures. In other words, aging stars, supernovae, fission reactors, and thermonuclear explosions are not necessarily required; nucleosynthesis can occur in tabletop experiments that surprisingly do not have or need any radiation shielding.
Toyota's experimental confirmation of Mitsubishi Heavy Industries’ (MHI) neutron-catalyzed LENR-based transmutation method also effectively provided a proof-of-concept for disposal of rather nasty radioactive Cesium (Cs-137) commonly found in nuclear fission reactor wastes into other heavier, non-radioactive stable elements/isotopes using MHI’s permeation process. In principle, a variant of MHI's LENR method with larger neutron fluxes would be extremely flexible and should work on any other type of radioactive isotope that can capture low energy neutrons, e.g., very dangerous Strontium-90, many long-lived transuranics such as Neptunium (please see http://wwwndc.jaea.go.jp/nds/proceedings/2004/harada_h.pdf ), etc..
Lastly, at an American Nuclear Society meeting held in November 2012, Yasuhiro Iwamura of Mitsubishi revealed the Toyota Motor Company itself had recently become involved in LENR R&D, along with other large Japanese companies that he declined to name publicly. Given Japanese companies well known excellence at long-term strategic thinking, it would not be surprising if their ongoing LENR R&D programs aim to ultimately replace the internal combustion engine.
Powering the World to a Green LENR Future- Lattice Energy LLC-April 11 2013Lewis Larsen
Powering the world to a green LENR future – a not unduly technical Lattice overview for everybody - truly green hard-radiation-free nuclear energy exists: no gammas, no energetic neutrons, nor any radioactive wastes. During their brief existence, peak power densities in LENR-active sites on condensed matter surfaces vastly exceed the power density that prevails in the innermost core of the Sun.
Lattice Energy LLC - Japanese NEDO LENR project reported reasonably reproduci...Lewis Larsen
Japan’s NEDO industry-academia-government R&D program’s recent experimental results technically validated potential for LENRs to become major future energy source.
Excess heat was produced in ~ 80% of project’s reported LENR experiments. Whenever excess heat was created, it is most often at Watt-levels or better at reactor operating temperatures of 200 - 300 degrees C. Duration of excess heat production ranged up to weeks, which is non-trivial. Such LENR device behavior represents excellent reproducibility for complex early-stage technology. With respect to reproducibility of device fabrication methods and heat production, these are best-ever experimental results reported to date in field of LENRs.
Watt-level excess heat was produced in Hydrogen (H)- and Deuterium (D)-loaded experimental systems. No deadly energetic (MeV-energy) gamma or neutron radiation was detected during heat production in any project experimental runs. Such observations are consistent with and predicted by the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs which posits production and capture of ultralow energy neutrons on ‘fuel’ atoms which drive hard-radiation-free nuclear transmutation reactions and decays that release nuclear binding energy in form of copious heat.
In Lattice’s opinion, NEDO project’s outstanding experimental results change LENRs’ Technology Readiness Level (TRL) from TRL-3 to TRL-4 (European Commission definitions). This is an important step in commercialization of LENRs for power generation applications.
Lattice Energy LLC - March 2 Technova seminar in Tokyo released more info re ...Lewis Larsen
Japan’s NEDO-sponsored LENR device project released additional technical details at Technova seminar held in Tokyo on March 2, 2018. Japanese government is targeting commercialization of LENRs as a revolutionary, radiation-free nuclear technology for use in power generation and propulsion applications. NEDO project results to date have demonstrated Watt-level reproducibility of excess heat in small nanocomposite LENR devices. Assuming substantial scale-up of device heat output is possible, NEDO project’s technical achievement validates future potential for LENRs to someday become an important source of green CO2-free energy.
Lattice Energy LLC - Japanese NEDO industry-academia-government project - nan...Lewis Larsen
Nanocomposite LENR devices in Japanese NEDO industry-academia-government R&D project produced enough cumulative excess heat to boil a cup of tea.
Since 1989, production of calorimetrically measured excess heat during vast majority of experiments with purpose-fabricated LENR devices was a hit-or-miss proposition. When excess heat produced, was typically < 1 Watt for periods ranging from few hours to several days. NEDO greatly improved device fabrication, reproducibility, longevity, and excess heat performance.
For years skeptics summarily dismissed LENRs as a potential new energy source because experiments were unable to produce enough excess heat to even “boil a cup of tea.” Thanks to results of NEDO project, not any more.
NEDO project has demonstrated that LENRs can produce non-trivial, Watt-level amounts of excess heat from nanocomposite multi-metal devices without emission of deadly fluxes of energetic neutron or gamma radiation --- it is safe, radiation-free nuclear technology.
Lattice Energy LLC - Russia announces nuclear fission-powered cruise missile ...Lewis Larsen
In globally televised speech on March 1, President Vladimir Putin claimed that Russia has successfully developed and tested a nuclear-powered cruise missile with unprecedented performance capabilities. If real (which appears likely), this advanced weapon system is probably powered by an unshielded Uranium fission reactor. Such a propulsion system would almost certainly produce large emissions of deadly energetic neutron/gamma radiation and release radioactive waste particulates into reactor exhaust plumes that would be rather dangerous to exposed people and the environment.
Radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) --- which involve neither fission nor fusion --- now under development by Lattice, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toyota, and Nissan are a truly safe, green nuclear technology. Importantly, LENRs can potentially be scaled-up and might someday be able to safely propel future missiles, manned aircraft/UAVs, manned submarines/UUVs, and everyday motor vehicles.
Lattice Energy LLC - Japanese NEDO LENR project reported good progress in exc...Lewis Larsen
Japan now funding R&D in LENR technology for use in power generation applications. Quietly threw down the gauntlet to global oil industry.
January 2018: terse project report summarizing progress in Japanese government NEDO-funded R&D in LENRs for period of Oct. 2015 through Oct. 2017 was released by Technova Inc. on ResearchGate. Herein we will review and discuss NEDO project’s reported progress.
Project scientists reported significant R&D progress toward developing LENR devices that serve as powerful heat sources. Reproducibility of device fabrication techniques and excess heat output were improved. Certain nanocomposite, multi-metal LENR test devices with mass <140 grams cumulatively produced up to ~85 megajoules (MJ) of excess heat per mole (MJ/mol) of absorbed Hydrogen (H) or Deuterium (D); some: duration of heat > 1 month. By contrast, complete combustion of Hydrogen releases ~0.286 MJ/mol of H. Chemical processes cannot explain these results.
Japan, Inc. appears to be developing LENR technology to someday replace the internal combustion engine.
Lattice Energy LLC - Revolutionary LENRs for power generation - accelerating ...Lewis Larsen
Commercialization of radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) for power generation could potentially occur with surprising speed. In just 2.5 years, Japanese government NEDO-funded LENR device fabrication and testing project achieved TRL-4 (refuting the skeptics) and validated application of Widom-Larsen theory, materials science, and nanotech to help accelerate commercialization pathway from present developmental level of TRL-4 to future commercial LENR-based products at TRL-9.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENR transmutation of Carbon better energy strategy than...Lewis Larsen
While Obama’s new clean power plan is certainly very well-intentioned, it implicitly throws the fossil fuel industry “under the bus,” naively assumes that wind and solar power will take up the slack at reasonable cost, and does not really attempt to develop radical new sources of low-cost energy.
Rather than eventually replacing fossil fuels with solar, wind, and renewable energy sources over time, LENR technology instead enables oil, gas, and coal producers to convert fossil fuels into cleaner, more valuable form of CO2-free LENR energy --- energy producers, energy consumers, and Mother Earth all win.
While solar PV and wind are CO2-free and extremely biosafe, their intrinsic energy densities are much lower than today’s fossil fuels and inherently intermittent --- not continuous --- sources of electrical and thermal power. Solar and wind renewables therefore simply cannot 100% replace fossil energy sources without enormous economic disruption and gigantic increases in energy costs.
LENRs are the only primary energy technology on foreseeable horizon that could provide the world with affordable dense green energy, connect the unconnected, and empower billions of now powerless, energy-poor people
Lattice’s strategy for replacing today’s combustion with LENR transmutation of Carbon saves the fossil fuel industry yet is highly synergistic with renewables, enables sustainable economic growth, and helps to ameliorate CO2-driven climate change.
Lattice Energy LLC - Mystery of Nagaokas 1920s Gold Experiments - Why Did Wor...Lewis Larsen
In a recorded interview with fellow physicist Prof. John Wheeler in 1962, Nobel prize-winning Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa said that his colleague Hantaro Nagaoka in the 1930s was (quoting directly), “…“I think Professor Nagaoka was all powerful then among scientists … he had some very deep insight, although he did not work himself [at that point in his career] … Nagaoka was [the] President of Osaka University when I moved from Kyoto to Osaka. But he was at the same time President of the Academy; he was the greatest boss among all the scientists in Japan.”
Between September 1924 and June 1925, Nagaoka and his co-workers at RIKEN in Japan conducted some 200 experiments with high-current electric arc discharges between Tungsten electrodes immersed in liquid hydrocarbon transformer oil in which they detected successful transmutation of Tungsten into macroscopic, visible flecks of Gold and Platinum. In June 1925, Nagaoka went a world tour in which he spoke to scientific and lay audiences about their transmutation experiments in Japan and handed-out samples comprising small pieces of porcelain reactor vessels with tiny bits of adhering Gold that had been created therein. In July 1925, “Nature” published his Letter to the Editors in which he reported on their results and encouraged other scientists to try to repeat their provocative experiments.
Amazingly, as far as we can tell no one ever tried to repeat Nagaoka et al.’s landmark experiments. Even more incredibly, the entire area of inquiry involving electric discharge-triggered transmutations of elements essentially died-out worldwide by 1930 (Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 and transmutation via neutron-capture was first elucidated by Taylor in 1935). In this document, we explore some of the possible underlying reasons that may have caused this totally unexpected historical twist.
In 2004, Cirillo & Iorio (Italy) transmuted Tungsten into Rhenium, Osmium, and Gold in a modern, roughly equivalent version of Nagaoka’s electric arc discharge experiments. In 2012 at an American Nuclear Society meeting, using a very different type of gaseous D2 thin-film permeation experimental method it had pioneered in back 2002, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries reported transmutation of implanted Tungsten targets into Osmium and Platinum.
Widom & Larsen theory of neutron-catalyzed low energy nuclear reactions (as published in the “European Physical Journal C – Particles and Fields” - 2006 and in “Pramana – Journal of Physics” – 2010) both predicts and explains all of this earlier experimental transmutation data with Tungsten targets.
If a modern repetition of Nagaoka et al.’s 1920s experiments produced encouraging results, commercial transmutation of Gold might not be very far in the future. That said, as in many cases--- time will tell --- and as they say in Russia, “We shall live and we shall see.”
Lattice Energy LLC - Hyperlinked index to documents re Widom-Larsen theory an...Lewis Larsen
Fully hyperlinked and cross-referenced Index and User Guide to relevant documents concerning the Widom-Larsen theory and ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs)
Lattice Energy LLC - Production of Gold via LENR transmutation of Platinum in...Lewis Larsen
Presently, unbeknownst to unsuspecting drivers worldwide, green LENR transmutation processes are occurring at very low rates during operation of three-way catalytic converters installed in over a billion cars and trucks.
Radiation-free nuclear transmutation of chemical elements by LENRs inside catalytic converters is strongly indicated by the presence of anomalous Gold, excess radiogenic Osmium, and shifts toward heavier isotopes that have been reported in Platinum and Palladium found in micron-scale nanoparticles that are emitted from vehicle exhaust pipes.
Extensive sampling and chemical analysis of certain roadway dust and roadside soils by environmental scientists have revealed that in scattered locations nanoparticulate Gold emitted from motor vehicle exhaust has accumulated to the point where local concentrations of this precious metal nearing key minimum threshold of 0.5 ppm needed for economic Gold ore.
This surprising nuclear activity in ubiquitous catalytic converters and absence of deleterious consequences for drivers or Earth’s environment argue that world is already safely coexisting with LENRs. This supports idea that LENRs could potentially be a very attractive future source of green nuclear energy if the technology is successfully commercialized.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs are revolutionary disruptive energy technology for...Lewis Larsen
Safe, radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) expand use of nuclear power & propulsion into huge range of land vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and spacecraft. Scales downward from large fission reactors used in nuclear naval aircraft carriers and submarines. Enormous energy densities of LENR-based power & propulsion technology could confer decisive combat systems advantages on near-future battlefields.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENR experiment conducted by The Aerospace Corporation r...Lewis Larsen
LENR experiment conducted independently in 2017 by The Aerospace Corporation (non-profit company that operates a FFRDC) effectively repeated excess heat results reported by the Japanese government-funded NEDO LENR fabrication and testing project. Experimental data from this confirmatory experiment was reported by Dr. Edward Beiting, a physicist and Senior Scientist at The Aerospace Corporation, in a presentation that occurred on June 5, 2018 at the ICCF-21 conference held at Colorado State University in Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Lattice Energy LLC - Widom-Larsen theory reveals surprising similarities and ...Lewis Larsen
Widom-Larsen theory unveils additional surprising similarities and connections between LENRs and chemical catalysis.
Synopsis: recent extensions of the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs have for the first time revealed additional striking and unexpected similarities between electroweak nuclear catalysis --- collective many-body en + pn reaction in condensed matter --- and enzymatic catalysis, inorganic chemical catalysis, plasmon-mediated chemical photocatalysis with “hot” charge carriers, as well as widely published nanotechnology concept of heterometallic plasmonic antenna-reactor nanoparticles for photocatalysis. Among a number of surprising commonalities between LENRs and chemical catalytic processes, many-body collective quantum effects and high local electric fields > 1010 V/m enable many chemical reactions and LENRs to proceed with substantial rates at vastly lower working temperatures and pressures. Existence of all these unexpected parallels suggests that valuable engineering insights can be obtained by data mining state-of-the art technical knowledge about nanotech and chemical catalysis and then applying and leveraging new insights derived therefrom to help accelerate future development of LENRs for power generation.
Lattice Energy LLC - 1994 conference paper - Prof John Dash reported producti...Lewis Larsen
Synopsis: In a ‘lost’ conference paper published 23 years ago, Prof. John Dash et al. correctly concluded that “slow neutrons” were responsible for creating Gold and Silver transmutation products that were clearly observed in electrochemical cells that had been electrolyzed for 400 hours. However, they mistakenly thought that such neutrons were produced by a nuclear fusion process.
More recently, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) has used a proprietary gas permeation method for LENR transmutation of Tungsten to Osmium and finally to Platinum. However, MHI’s ultralow energy neutron fluxes in Deuterium gas permeation cleanroom systems were not quite high enough to proceed all the way down the neutron-catalyzed LENR transmutation pathway to reach Gold like Dash et al.
Mitsubishi is presently pushing aggressively to increase LENR transmutation rates and product yields in laboratory devices. In a recent company technical bulletin, the company revealed that transmutation product yields had been increased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude in 3 years by shifting from gas to electrochemical permeation through a thin-film metal-oxide sandwich structure (see slides #34 - 36). Interestingly, to achieve this increase in yields, MHI unknowingly followed guidelines that were already spelled-out in a Widom-Larsen theory rate calculation paper published back in 2007 (slide #33).
Since MHI is also using semiconductor-like fabrication methods, cleanrooms, and some nanotech to build devices and increase transmutation product yields, it begs the question of whether there are any parallels between today’s primitive LENR devices and the historical development of transistors in the semiconductor industry. Well, there are.
Slides #37 – 43 explain how --- in certain ways --- LENR active sites really do resemble electronic transistors used in microchips. I also discuss what this unexpected similarity may mean for future development and commercialization of LENRs for power generation. Amazingly, some aspects of future transistors and LENR device technology will probably converge and perhaps even strongly overlap.
Lattice energy LLC - Climate change can reduce wind and solar power output - ...Lewis Larsen
A mystery wind drought hit the U.S. in the first half of 2015. Total wind-powered electrical output in the U.S. during that year went down 6% while total installed capacity went up 9%. Thus climate change disrupts prior weather patterns which can then impact renewables. If you believe wind and solar can someday totally replace short-notice sources of dispatchable power generation then think again, because they simply can’t --- ever.
Given innate variability in power output from renewable green energy sources, substantial amounts of short-notice dispatchable generation capacity are an unavoidable necessity that, along with a shift toward distributed generation, could serve as key system components crucial to maintaining modern high-availability electricity grids that continue to provide customers with 99+ % uptime during an era of increasing climate change. Having adequate dispatchable power generation capacity on-hand would thus be invaluable in helping to insure reliable, low-cost energy production and prudent risk management with respect to sudden unexpected “Black Swan” events such as extremely large volcanic eruptions and violent earthquakes that can adversely impact power generation by renewables.
Published peer-reviewed data suggests that it would also be prudent for global society to reduce future CO2 emissions from power generation activities. This will eventually happen anyway because at current rates of consumption, British Petroleum has estimated that fossil fuel resources will be totally exhausted in <150 years. Well, nuclear power plants are dispatchable and do not emit any CO2. Like it or not, major worldwide expansion of nuclear power generation is probably inevitable and could play a key strategic role in the long-term future of energy. In that regard, if safe radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) are successfully commercialized for producing green nuclear power, they could someday provide the future “energy miracle” sought by Bill Gates.
Lattice Energy LLC - Scalability of LENR power generation systems - Nov 29 2015Lewis Larsen
Lattice shows how LENR power generation systems could someday scale-up from today’s primitive milliwatt thermal devices to kwh and megawatts of electrical output.
In this PowerPoint presentation, we outline how substantial scale-up of LENR (safe ultralow energy neutron reactions) power generation systems from today’s primitive milliwatt thermal devices to kwh and megawatts is a feasible goal in the near-future. LENR reactors would be vastly smaller and less expensive than equivalent fission counterparts with comparable thermal output.
D-T fusion reactors like ITER and other similar Tokamaks mainly create heat by harvesting the kinetic energy of deadly 14.1 MeV neutrons. Consequently, they require massive shielding and containment systems for safe operation and unsurprisingly have enormous costs and unavoidably huge physical size. Given that the radiation-free Lithium LENR fuel cycle releases nearly 27 MeV versus a total Q-value of 17.6 MeV for the D-T fusion reaction, it is hard to imagine a sound economic argument for spending 100s of billions on commercial fusion reactors if LENR technology is successfully developed and scaled-up as we have outlined herein.
Lack of hard radiation and radioactive wastes permit downward scalability that could enable future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable LENR power sources that can compete directly on $ price/kwh with chemical batteries in many applications including power tools, tablets, and smartphones.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs in condensed matter mimic results of Big Bang nucl...Lewis Larsen
LENRs in condensed matter are able to create four primordial Big Bang elements: Deuterium, Helium, Lithium, and Beryllium. No superhot nuclear fusion processes are involved: a combination of many-body collective electroweak neutron production under surprisingly moderate macrophysical conditions, subsequent neutron captures and various following nuclear decays can produce the same reaction products as the Big Bang event at the birth of our Universe.
Lattice Energy LLC - Battery energy density - product safety - thermal runawa...Lewis Larsen
Global quest to improve performance drives battery R&D toward ever-higher energy densities. High gravimetric energy density rewards battery users with lighter portable or mobile power sources and longer operating times between recharges. Product safety & reliability could be the hidden costs --- higher energy density is a two-edged sword that cuts both ways. Internal electrical shorts, hot sparks, and catastrophic electric arcs are reducing durability and causing thermal runaways, fires, and even explosions in Lithium-ion batteries. Ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) may be causing some of these extreme events; engineering for LENR effects could potentially help improve future battery safety and durability.
Lattice Energy LLC - Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation...Lewis Larsen
Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation is critical for every country’s energy security.
Renewable energy sources sometimes unable to fill total national demand for electric power because they are intermittent. Unusual European weather in December 2016 demonstrated that Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) as idealistically envisioned by its many supporters may be impractical.
“One cannot simultaneously rely on massive amounts of wind and sunshine, dispense with nuclear power plants, significantly lower the supply of fossil energy, and nevertheless tell people that electricity will definitely be available in the future.” Quoted from article by Heiner Flassbeck, a prominent German economist, that was published on January 10, 2017
It is thus apparent that national energy security, 99+ % grid uptime availability, and reasonably priced electricity for retail consumers could be jeopardized in countries that don’t have adequate dispatchable power generation capacity.
Electricity shortfalls from renewable wind and solar energy sources are today covered by dispatchable fossil fuel and fission power plants --- if fossil fuels and fission are then phased-out, then what will replace them?
Radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) could potentially provide an alternative nuclear technology to fission and fusion. While LENRs do use safe ultralow energy neutrons to trigger release of nuclear binding energy (heat) from an enormous array of stable element target fuels, they are radically different from Uranium and Thorium fission reactors that require criticality to operate properly. Unlike fission, LENRs don’t involve multiplicative chain reactions with fuels that in turn release multiple neutrons which then explosively accelerate neutron production --- nuclear runaways are not a risk with LENRs.
D-T fusion reactors like ITER and other similar Tokamaks mainly produce heat by harvesting the kinetic energy of deadly 14.1 MeV energetic neutrons. Consequently, they require massive shielding and containment systems for safe operation and unsurprisingly have enormous costs and unavoidably huge physical size. Given that the Lithium LENR fuel cycle releases nearly 27 MeV versus a total Q-value of 17.6 MeV for the D-T fusion reaction, it is hard to imagine a sound economic argument for spending 100s of billions on commercial fusion reactors if LENR technology were successfully developed and scaled-up as outlined herein.
Lack of hard radiation and radioactive wastes permit downward scalability that could enable future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable LENR power sources that can compete directly on $ price/kwh with chemical batteries in many applications including power tools, tablets, and smartphones.
Lattice Energy LLC - Synopsis of book titled Fusion Fiasco by Steven Krivit p...Lewis Larsen
Synopsis of Steve Krivit’s book “Fusion Fiasco” in context of the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs:
By late October 1989 Dr. Edward Teller, ‘father’ of the first Hydrogen bomb, was apparently convinced Pons & Fleischmann had discovered a little-understood nuclear process that could operate in ordinary electrochemical cells. Bizarre absence of deadly hard radiation indicated to him that P&F’s puzzling results probably weren’t caused by a fusion process. After seeing all the ERAB panel’s data, he further speculated that the underlying process was very likely nuclear and possibly catalyzed by “neutral particle of small mass and marginal stability” that was somewhat akin to a neutron. Krivit reveals how his prescient insights were ignored by the DOE ERAB panel and then effectively buried for 27 years.
Lattice energy LLC - Chinese chemists report photochemical triggering of LENR...Lewis Larsen
Experiments reported in 2017 by Prof. Gong-xuan Lu et al. at Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, in Lanzhou, China showed photocatalytic triggering of ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) at NTP with visible light. Experimental results reported in “Journal of Molecular Catalysis” (China) in 2017 claimed production of Deuterium and Helium as well as nuclear transmutation of Potassium to Calcium. Very significant discovery if experimental claims can be independently confirmed by other researchers using same methods. If Lu et al.’s claims are confirmed, their work has important implications. For chemical catalysis, it suggests that LENR transmutations can occur at very low rates in parallel with ordinary chemical reactions; LENRs can coexist and interoperate at NTP. Also implies total mass-balances for chemical elements comprising reactants and products might not necessarily be conserved. For astrophysics and cosmochemistry, it means that nucleosynthesis can occur on surfaces of Hydrogen- and metal-rich dust grains irradiated by starlight.
Lattice Energy LLC - Liu et al increase effective electron masses in ZrTe5 by...Lewis Larsen
In Nature Communications Liu et al. reported detectible increases in the effective mass of electrons in ZrTe5 with application of an extremely high magnetic field. Their ZrTe5 experimental system operates similarly to the Widom-Larsen theory of ultra-low momentum neutron reactions (LENRs) in condensed matter wherein many-body collective effects create surface plasmon electrons with substantially larger effective masses. Quoting from press release about Liu et al.’s paper, “An international team of researchers has for the first time discovered that in a very high magnetic field an electron with no mass can acquire a mass. Understanding why elementary particles -- e.g. electrons, photons, neutrinos -- have a mass is a fundamental question in physics and an area of intense debate.”
Lattice Energy LLC- New Russian Experiments Further Confirm Widom-Larsen Theo...Lewis Larsen
In series of different experiments with laser irradiation (sometimes combined with electrolysis) of hydride-forming metallic targets immersed in D2O, Barmina et al. claim to have observed both production and so-called “accelerated decay” of Tritium. If correct, their claimed detection of significant amounts of radioactive Tritium production is an extremely interesting experimental result because over the past 24 years, out of the hundreds of thousands of LENR experiments conducted, literally only a handful have ever claimed to observe Tritium as a measurable nuclear product. In separate very recent publications (2012, 2013), Barmina et al. claim to have developed a theory which can explain all their experimental data; their theoretical approach includes ‘new nuclear physics’ and exotic concepts such as a so-called “in-shake-up” nuclear state that enables production of new bound di-/tri-neutron particles.
Presuming that their experimental data are shown to have been correctly measured and results are successfully repeated by other independent researchers, their reported data provides further confirmation of Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs in a type of laser-based LENR experimental system pioneered by Letts & Cravens (USA) ca. 2002 – 2003.
During the past decade or so, there have also been increasing numbers of experimental reports published in various peer-reviewed journals in which authors claimed to have observed changes in intrinsic nuclear decay rate constants of certain isotopes/elements.
Importantly, there is probably a subset of such anomalous reported data in which experimentalists were blithely unaware of any possibility that LENR transmutations could be occurring inside their experimental systems. In such cases, the measured parameter(s) indicating a given nuclear decay rate, say intensities of a series of gamma emission lines, changes because the isotope(s) producing the gammas being measured has/have simply captured W-L ULM neutrons and been transmuted to other different --- perhaps even stable --- isotope(s); ergo, measured isotopes’ intrinsic nuclear decay rate constants did not really change during such types of experiments. Thus, the long-mysterious “Reifenschweiler effect” could in reality be just conversion of Tritium into neutrons that are captured by, among other things, substrate atoms..
Lattice Energy LLC - Neutron production and nucleosynthesis in electric disch...Lewis Larsen
LENR transmutations can occur all around us. Neutrons can be created when Hydrogen atoms (protons) are present within many different types of electric discharges that can include among diverse other things: atmospheric lightning on earth and other planets, arcs between electrodes in air, water, hydrocarbons, as well as in nano-arcs (internal shorts) that can occur in electrochemical batteries.
Overview-Lattice Energy LLC Gamma Shielding Patent US 7893414 b2 Issued Feb 2...Lewis Larsen
More details will now be provided about the Widom-Larsen theory’s concept of a built-in gamma ‘shielding’ mechanism that we believe occurs at LENR-active sites in condensed matter systems. What is referred to as ‘shielding’ in this context is really a dynamic process of absorption and direct conversion of locally emitted gammas into many more less energetic infrared photons (has tiny, highly variable soft X-ray ‘tail’) at high efficiency while, of course, obeying the law of conservation of energy.
Lattice Energy LLC - Japanese NEDO LENR project reported good progress in exc...Lewis Larsen
Japan now funding R&D in LENR technology for use in power generation applications. Quietly threw down the gauntlet to global oil industry.
January 2018: terse project report summarizing progress in Japanese government NEDO-funded R&D in LENRs for period of Oct. 2015 through Oct. 2017 was released by Technova Inc. on ResearchGate. Herein we will review and discuss NEDO project’s reported progress.
Project scientists reported significant R&D progress toward developing LENR devices that serve as powerful heat sources. Reproducibility of device fabrication techniques and excess heat output were improved. Certain nanocomposite, multi-metal LENR test devices with mass <140 grams cumulatively produced up to ~85 megajoules (MJ) of excess heat per mole (MJ/mol) of absorbed Hydrogen (H) or Deuterium (D); some: duration of heat > 1 month. By contrast, complete combustion of Hydrogen releases ~0.286 MJ/mol of H. Chemical processes cannot explain these results.
Japan, Inc. appears to be developing LENR technology to someday replace the internal combustion engine.
Lattice Energy LLC - Revolutionary LENRs for power generation - accelerating ...Lewis Larsen
Commercialization of radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) for power generation could potentially occur with surprising speed. In just 2.5 years, Japanese government NEDO-funded LENR device fabrication and testing project achieved TRL-4 (refuting the skeptics) and validated application of Widom-Larsen theory, materials science, and nanotech to help accelerate commercialization pathway from present developmental level of TRL-4 to future commercial LENR-based products at TRL-9.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENR transmutation of Carbon better energy strategy than...Lewis Larsen
While Obama’s new clean power plan is certainly very well-intentioned, it implicitly throws the fossil fuel industry “under the bus,” naively assumes that wind and solar power will take up the slack at reasonable cost, and does not really attempt to develop radical new sources of low-cost energy.
Rather than eventually replacing fossil fuels with solar, wind, and renewable energy sources over time, LENR technology instead enables oil, gas, and coal producers to convert fossil fuels into cleaner, more valuable form of CO2-free LENR energy --- energy producers, energy consumers, and Mother Earth all win.
While solar PV and wind are CO2-free and extremely biosafe, their intrinsic energy densities are much lower than today’s fossil fuels and inherently intermittent --- not continuous --- sources of electrical and thermal power. Solar and wind renewables therefore simply cannot 100% replace fossil energy sources without enormous economic disruption and gigantic increases in energy costs.
LENRs are the only primary energy technology on foreseeable horizon that could provide the world with affordable dense green energy, connect the unconnected, and empower billions of now powerless, energy-poor people
Lattice’s strategy for replacing today’s combustion with LENR transmutation of Carbon saves the fossil fuel industry yet is highly synergistic with renewables, enables sustainable economic growth, and helps to ameliorate CO2-driven climate change.
Lattice Energy LLC - Mystery of Nagaokas 1920s Gold Experiments - Why Did Wor...Lewis Larsen
In a recorded interview with fellow physicist Prof. John Wheeler in 1962, Nobel prize-winning Japanese physicist Hideki Yukawa said that his colleague Hantaro Nagaoka in the 1930s was (quoting directly), “…“I think Professor Nagaoka was all powerful then among scientists … he had some very deep insight, although he did not work himself [at that point in his career] … Nagaoka was [the] President of Osaka University when I moved from Kyoto to Osaka. But he was at the same time President of the Academy; he was the greatest boss among all the scientists in Japan.”
Between September 1924 and June 1925, Nagaoka and his co-workers at RIKEN in Japan conducted some 200 experiments with high-current electric arc discharges between Tungsten electrodes immersed in liquid hydrocarbon transformer oil in which they detected successful transmutation of Tungsten into macroscopic, visible flecks of Gold and Platinum. In June 1925, Nagaoka went a world tour in which he spoke to scientific and lay audiences about their transmutation experiments in Japan and handed-out samples comprising small pieces of porcelain reactor vessels with tiny bits of adhering Gold that had been created therein. In July 1925, “Nature” published his Letter to the Editors in which he reported on their results and encouraged other scientists to try to repeat their provocative experiments.
Amazingly, as far as we can tell no one ever tried to repeat Nagaoka et al.’s landmark experiments. Even more incredibly, the entire area of inquiry involving electric discharge-triggered transmutations of elements essentially died-out worldwide by 1930 (Chadwick discovered the neutron in 1932 and transmutation via neutron-capture was first elucidated by Taylor in 1935). In this document, we explore some of the possible underlying reasons that may have caused this totally unexpected historical twist.
In 2004, Cirillo & Iorio (Italy) transmuted Tungsten into Rhenium, Osmium, and Gold in a modern, roughly equivalent version of Nagaoka’s electric arc discharge experiments. In 2012 at an American Nuclear Society meeting, using a very different type of gaseous D2 thin-film permeation experimental method it had pioneered in back 2002, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries reported transmutation of implanted Tungsten targets into Osmium and Platinum.
Widom & Larsen theory of neutron-catalyzed low energy nuclear reactions (as published in the “European Physical Journal C – Particles and Fields” - 2006 and in “Pramana – Journal of Physics” – 2010) both predicts and explains all of this earlier experimental transmutation data with Tungsten targets.
If a modern repetition of Nagaoka et al.’s 1920s experiments produced encouraging results, commercial transmutation of Gold might not be very far in the future. That said, as in many cases--- time will tell --- and as they say in Russia, “We shall live and we shall see.”
Lattice Energy LLC - Hyperlinked index to documents re Widom-Larsen theory an...Lewis Larsen
Fully hyperlinked and cross-referenced Index and User Guide to relevant documents concerning the Widom-Larsen theory and ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs)
Lattice Energy LLC - Production of Gold via LENR transmutation of Platinum in...Lewis Larsen
Presently, unbeknownst to unsuspecting drivers worldwide, green LENR transmutation processes are occurring at very low rates during operation of three-way catalytic converters installed in over a billion cars and trucks.
Radiation-free nuclear transmutation of chemical elements by LENRs inside catalytic converters is strongly indicated by the presence of anomalous Gold, excess radiogenic Osmium, and shifts toward heavier isotopes that have been reported in Platinum and Palladium found in micron-scale nanoparticles that are emitted from vehicle exhaust pipes.
Extensive sampling and chemical analysis of certain roadway dust and roadside soils by environmental scientists have revealed that in scattered locations nanoparticulate Gold emitted from motor vehicle exhaust has accumulated to the point where local concentrations of this precious metal nearing key minimum threshold of 0.5 ppm needed for economic Gold ore.
This surprising nuclear activity in ubiquitous catalytic converters and absence of deleterious consequences for drivers or Earth’s environment argue that world is already safely coexisting with LENRs. This supports idea that LENRs could potentially be a very attractive future source of green nuclear energy if the technology is successfully commercialized.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs are revolutionary disruptive energy technology for...Lewis Larsen
Safe, radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) expand use of nuclear power & propulsion into huge range of land vehicles, aircraft, watercraft, and spacecraft. Scales downward from large fission reactors used in nuclear naval aircraft carriers and submarines. Enormous energy densities of LENR-based power & propulsion technology could confer decisive combat systems advantages on near-future battlefields.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENR experiment conducted by The Aerospace Corporation r...Lewis Larsen
LENR experiment conducted independently in 2017 by The Aerospace Corporation (non-profit company that operates a FFRDC) effectively repeated excess heat results reported by the Japanese government-funded NEDO LENR fabrication and testing project. Experimental data from this confirmatory experiment was reported by Dr. Edward Beiting, a physicist and Senior Scientist at The Aerospace Corporation, in a presentation that occurred on June 5, 2018 at the ICCF-21 conference held at Colorado State University in Ft. Collins, Colorado.
Lattice Energy LLC - Widom-Larsen theory reveals surprising similarities and ...Lewis Larsen
Widom-Larsen theory unveils additional surprising similarities and connections between LENRs and chemical catalysis.
Synopsis: recent extensions of the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs have for the first time revealed additional striking and unexpected similarities between electroweak nuclear catalysis --- collective many-body en + pn reaction in condensed matter --- and enzymatic catalysis, inorganic chemical catalysis, plasmon-mediated chemical photocatalysis with “hot” charge carriers, as well as widely published nanotechnology concept of heterometallic plasmonic antenna-reactor nanoparticles for photocatalysis. Among a number of surprising commonalities between LENRs and chemical catalytic processes, many-body collective quantum effects and high local electric fields > 1010 V/m enable many chemical reactions and LENRs to proceed with substantial rates at vastly lower working temperatures and pressures. Existence of all these unexpected parallels suggests that valuable engineering insights can be obtained by data mining state-of-the art technical knowledge about nanotech and chemical catalysis and then applying and leveraging new insights derived therefrom to help accelerate future development of LENRs for power generation.
Lattice Energy LLC - 1994 conference paper - Prof John Dash reported producti...Lewis Larsen
Synopsis: In a ‘lost’ conference paper published 23 years ago, Prof. John Dash et al. correctly concluded that “slow neutrons” were responsible for creating Gold and Silver transmutation products that were clearly observed in electrochemical cells that had been electrolyzed for 400 hours. However, they mistakenly thought that such neutrons were produced by a nuclear fusion process.
More recently, Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) has used a proprietary gas permeation method for LENR transmutation of Tungsten to Osmium and finally to Platinum. However, MHI’s ultralow energy neutron fluxes in Deuterium gas permeation cleanroom systems were not quite high enough to proceed all the way down the neutron-catalyzed LENR transmutation pathway to reach Gold like Dash et al.
Mitsubishi is presently pushing aggressively to increase LENR transmutation rates and product yields in laboratory devices. In a recent company technical bulletin, the company revealed that transmutation product yields had been increased by nearly 3 orders of magnitude in 3 years by shifting from gas to electrochemical permeation through a thin-film metal-oxide sandwich structure (see slides #34 - 36). Interestingly, to achieve this increase in yields, MHI unknowingly followed guidelines that were already spelled-out in a Widom-Larsen theory rate calculation paper published back in 2007 (slide #33).
Since MHI is also using semiconductor-like fabrication methods, cleanrooms, and some nanotech to build devices and increase transmutation product yields, it begs the question of whether there are any parallels between today’s primitive LENR devices and the historical development of transistors in the semiconductor industry. Well, there are.
Slides #37 – 43 explain how --- in certain ways --- LENR active sites really do resemble electronic transistors used in microchips. I also discuss what this unexpected similarity may mean for future development and commercialization of LENRs for power generation. Amazingly, some aspects of future transistors and LENR device technology will probably converge and perhaps even strongly overlap.
Lattice energy LLC - Climate change can reduce wind and solar power output - ...Lewis Larsen
A mystery wind drought hit the U.S. in the first half of 2015. Total wind-powered electrical output in the U.S. during that year went down 6% while total installed capacity went up 9%. Thus climate change disrupts prior weather patterns which can then impact renewables. If you believe wind and solar can someday totally replace short-notice sources of dispatchable power generation then think again, because they simply can’t --- ever.
Given innate variability in power output from renewable green energy sources, substantial amounts of short-notice dispatchable generation capacity are an unavoidable necessity that, along with a shift toward distributed generation, could serve as key system components crucial to maintaining modern high-availability electricity grids that continue to provide customers with 99+ % uptime during an era of increasing climate change. Having adequate dispatchable power generation capacity on-hand would thus be invaluable in helping to insure reliable, low-cost energy production and prudent risk management with respect to sudden unexpected “Black Swan” events such as extremely large volcanic eruptions and violent earthquakes that can adversely impact power generation by renewables.
Published peer-reviewed data suggests that it would also be prudent for global society to reduce future CO2 emissions from power generation activities. This will eventually happen anyway because at current rates of consumption, British Petroleum has estimated that fossil fuel resources will be totally exhausted in <150 years. Well, nuclear power plants are dispatchable and do not emit any CO2. Like it or not, major worldwide expansion of nuclear power generation is probably inevitable and could play a key strategic role in the long-term future of energy. In that regard, if safe radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) are successfully commercialized for producing green nuclear power, they could someday provide the future “energy miracle” sought by Bill Gates.
Lattice Energy LLC - Scalability of LENR power generation systems - Nov 29 2015Lewis Larsen
Lattice shows how LENR power generation systems could someday scale-up from today’s primitive milliwatt thermal devices to kwh and megawatts of electrical output.
In this PowerPoint presentation, we outline how substantial scale-up of LENR (safe ultralow energy neutron reactions) power generation systems from today’s primitive milliwatt thermal devices to kwh and megawatts is a feasible goal in the near-future. LENR reactors would be vastly smaller and less expensive than equivalent fission counterparts with comparable thermal output.
D-T fusion reactors like ITER and other similar Tokamaks mainly create heat by harvesting the kinetic energy of deadly 14.1 MeV neutrons. Consequently, they require massive shielding and containment systems for safe operation and unsurprisingly have enormous costs and unavoidably huge physical size. Given that the radiation-free Lithium LENR fuel cycle releases nearly 27 MeV versus a total Q-value of 17.6 MeV for the D-T fusion reaction, it is hard to imagine a sound economic argument for spending 100s of billions on commercial fusion reactors if LENR technology is successfully developed and scaled-up as we have outlined herein.
Lack of hard radiation and radioactive wastes permit downward scalability that could enable future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable LENR power sources that can compete directly on $ price/kwh with chemical batteries in many applications including power tools, tablets, and smartphones.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs in condensed matter mimic results of Big Bang nucl...Lewis Larsen
LENRs in condensed matter are able to create four primordial Big Bang elements: Deuterium, Helium, Lithium, and Beryllium. No superhot nuclear fusion processes are involved: a combination of many-body collective electroweak neutron production under surprisingly moderate macrophysical conditions, subsequent neutron captures and various following nuclear decays can produce the same reaction products as the Big Bang event at the birth of our Universe.
Lattice Energy LLC - Battery energy density - product safety - thermal runawa...Lewis Larsen
Global quest to improve performance drives battery R&D toward ever-higher energy densities. High gravimetric energy density rewards battery users with lighter portable or mobile power sources and longer operating times between recharges. Product safety & reliability could be the hidden costs --- higher energy density is a two-edged sword that cuts both ways. Internal electrical shorts, hot sparks, and catastrophic electric arcs are reducing durability and causing thermal runaways, fires, and even explosions in Lithium-ion batteries. Ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) may be causing some of these extreme events; engineering for LENR effects could potentially help improve future battery safety and durability.
Lattice Energy LLC - Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation...Lewis Larsen
Adequate reasonably priced dispatchable power generation is critical for every country’s energy security.
Renewable energy sources sometimes unable to fill total national demand for electric power because they are intermittent. Unusual European weather in December 2016 demonstrated that Germany’s Energiewende (energy transition) as idealistically envisioned by its many supporters may be impractical.
“One cannot simultaneously rely on massive amounts of wind and sunshine, dispense with nuclear power plants, significantly lower the supply of fossil energy, and nevertheless tell people that electricity will definitely be available in the future.” Quoted from article by Heiner Flassbeck, a prominent German economist, that was published on January 10, 2017
It is thus apparent that national energy security, 99+ % grid uptime availability, and reasonably priced electricity for retail consumers could be jeopardized in countries that don’t have adequate dispatchable power generation capacity.
Electricity shortfalls from renewable wind and solar energy sources are today covered by dispatchable fossil fuel and fission power plants --- if fossil fuels and fission are then phased-out, then what will replace them?
Radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) could potentially provide an alternative nuclear technology to fission and fusion. While LENRs do use safe ultralow energy neutrons to trigger release of nuclear binding energy (heat) from an enormous array of stable element target fuels, they are radically different from Uranium and Thorium fission reactors that require criticality to operate properly. Unlike fission, LENRs don’t involve multiplicative chain reactions with fuels that in turn release multiple neutrons which then explosively accelerate neutron production --- nuclear runaways are not a risk with LENRs.
D-T fusion reactors like ITER and other similar Tokamaks mainly produce heat by harvesting the kinetic energy of deadly 14.1 MeV energetic neutrons. Consequently, they require massive shielding and containment systems for safe operation and unsurprisingly have enormous costs and unavoidably huge physical size. Given that the Lithium LENR fuel cycle releases nearly 27 MeV versus a total Q-value of 17.6 MeV for the D-T fusion reaction, it is hard to imagine a sound economic argument for spending 100s of billions on commercial fusion reactors if LENR technology were successfully developed and scaled-up as outlined herein.
Lack of hard radiation and radioactive wastes permit downward scalability that could enable future development of revolutionary, compact battery-like portable LENR power sources that can compete directly on $ price/kwh with chemical batteries in many applications including power tools, tablets, and smartphones.
Lattice Energy LLC - Synopsis of book titled Fusion Fiasco by Steven Krivit p...Lewis Larsen
Synopsis of Steve Krivit’s book “Fusion Fiasco” in context of the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs:
By late October 1989 Dr. Edward Teller, ‘father’ of the first Hydrogen bomb, was apparently convinced Pons & Fleischmann had discovered a little-understood nuclear process that could operate in ordinary electrochemical cells. Bizarre absence of deadly hard radiation indicated to him that P&F’s puzzling results probably weren’t caused by a fusion process. After seeing all the ERAB panel’s data, he further speculated that the underlying process was very likely nuclear and possibly catalyzed by “neutral particle of small mass and marginal stability” that was somewhat akin to a neutron. Krivit reveals how his prescient insights were ignored by the DOE ERAB panel and then effectively buried for 27 years.
Lattice energy LLC - Chinese chemists report photochemical triggering of LENR...Lewis Larsen
Experiments reported in 2017 by Prof. Gong-xuan Lu et al. at Lanzhou Institute of Chemical Physics, in Lanzhou, China showed photocatalytic triggering of ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) at NTP with visible light. Experimental results reported in “Journal of Molecular Catalysis” (China) in 2017 claimed production of Deuterium and Helium as well as nuclear transmutation of Potassium to Calcium. Very significant discovery if experimental claims can be independently confirmed by other researchers using same methods. If Lu et al.’s claims are confirmed, their work has important implications. For chemical catalysis, it suggests that LENR transmutations can occur at very low rates in parallel with ordinary chemical reactions; LENRs can coexist and interoperate at NTP. Also implies total mass-balances for chemical elements comprising reactants and products might not necessarily be conserved. For astrophysics and cosmochemistry, it means that nucleosynthesis can occur on surfaces of Hydrogen- and metal-rich dust grains irradiated by starlight.
Lattice Energy LLC - Liu et al increase effective electron masses in ZrTe5 by...Lewis Larsen
In Nature Communications Liu et al. reported detectible increases in the effective mass of electrons in ZrTe5 with application of an extremely high magnetic field. Their ZrTe5 experimental system operates similarly to the Widom-Larsen theory of ultra-low momentum neutron reactions (LENRs) in condensed matter wherein many-body collective effects create surface plasmon electrons with substantially larger effective masses. Quoting from press release about Liu et al.’s paper, “An international team of researchers has for the first time discovered that in a very high magnetic field an electron with no mass can acquire a mass. Understanding why elementary particles -- e.g. electrons, photons, neutrinos -- have a mass is a fundamental question in physics and an area of intense debate.”
Lattice Energy LLC- New Russian Experiments Further Confirm Widom-Larsen Theo...Lewis Larsen
In series of different experiments with laser irradiation (sometimes combined with electrolysis) of hydride-forming metallic targets immersed in D2O, Barmina et al. claim to have observed both production and so-called “accelerated decay” of Tritium. If correct, their claimed detection of significant amounts of radioactive Tritium production is an extremely interesting experimental result because over the past 24 years, out of the hundreds of thousands of LENR experiments conducted, literally only a handful have ever claimed to observe Tritium as a measurable nuclear product. In separate very recent publications (2012, 2013), Barmina et al. claim to have developed a theory which can explain all their experimental data; their theoretical approach includes ‘new nuclear physics’ and exotic concepts such as a so-called “in-shake-up” nuclear state that enables production of new bound di-/tri-neutron particles.
Presuming that their experimental data are shown to have been correctly measured and results are successfully repeated by other independent researchers, their reported data provides further confirmation of Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs in a type of laser-based LENR experimental system pioneered by Letts & Cravens (USA) ca. 2002 – 2003.
During the past decade or so, there have also been increasing numbers of experimental reports published in various peer-reviewed journals in which authors claimed to have observed changes in intrinsic nuclear decay rate constants of certain isotopes/elements.
Importantly, there is probably a subset of such anomalous reported data in which experimentalists were blithely unaware of any possibility that LENR transmutations could be occurring inside their experimental systems. In such cases, the measured parameter(s) indicating a given nuclear decay rate, say intensities of a series of gamma emission lines, changes because the isotope(s) producing the gammas being measured has/have simply captured W-L ULM neutrons and been transmuted to other different --- perhaps even stable --- isotope(s); ergo, measured isotopes’ intrinsic nuclear decay rate constants did not really change during such types of experiments. Thus, the long-mysterious “Reifenschweiler effect” could in reality be just conversion of Tritium into neutrons that are captured by, among other things, substrate atoms..
Lattice Energy LLC - Neutron production and nucleosynthesis in electric disch...Lewis Larsen
LENR transmutations can occur all around us. Neutrons can be created when Hydrogen atoms (protons) are present within many different types of electric discharges that can include among diverse other things: atmospheric lightning on earth and other planets, arcs between electrodes in air, water, hydrocarbons, as well as in nano-arcs (internal shorts) that can occur in electrochemical batteries.
Overview-Lattice Energy LLC Gamma Shielding Patent US 7893414 b2 Issued Feb 2...Lewis Larsen
More details will now be provided about the Widom-Larsen theory’s concept of a built-in gamma ‘shielding’ mechanism that we believe occurs at LENR-active sites in condensed matter systems. What is referred to as ‘shielding’ in this context is really a dynamic process of absorption and direct conversion of locally emitted gammas into many more less energetic infrared photons (has tiny, highly variable soft X-ray ‘tail’) at high efficiency while, of course, obeying the law of conservation of energy.
Lattice Energy LLC-Technical Overview-June 25 2009Lewis Larsen
Commercializing a next generation source of safe nuclear energy: low energy nuclear reactions or LENRs. Widom-Larsen theory, weak interactions, transmutations, nanoscale evidence for nuclear effects, and Lattice's road to commercialization
Guide to Concepts-Experimental Evidence for W-L Theory of LENRs-Feb 17 2012Lewis Larsen
Herein, we will discuss the non-fusion, weak interaction-driven Widom-Larsen theory and its application to LENRs occurring in abiological condensed matter systems, abiological magnetically organized classical and dusty plasmas, and terrestrial biological systems. At the highest level of abstraction, WLT integrates many-body collective electromagnetic and condensed matter Q-M effects with modern electroweak theory under the ‘umbrella’ of the Standard Model; no “new physics” are invoked anywhere in this work.
Lattice Energy LLC-Are LENRs Occurring in Compact Fluorescent Lights-March 7 ...Lewis Larsen
Peer-reviewed paper by Mead et al. just published in February (Environmental Science & Technology) contains amazing new experimental data on anomalous shifts in abundances of Mercury isotopes found in compact fluorescent lights (CFL) used in homes and businesses. When viewed through the conceptual lens of the Widom-Larsen theory, their carefully collected Hg isotope data suggests that low energy nuclear reaction (LENR) transmutations may actually be occurring at extremely low rates in CFLs during normal operation. We discuss their paper and its implications in a new 102-slide Lattice PowerPoint presentation dated March 7, 2013. Therein, we conclude that if the intriguing possibility about LENRs in CFLs unveiled in this data is substantiated by further experimentation, it provides yet more proof that LENRs are likely to be a truly ‘green’ nuclear technology that has great promise for use in CO2-free power generation, providing LENR device heat outputs and operational longevity can be scaled dramatically upwards by applying and adapting recently acquired technical knowledge found in nanotech, plasmonics, and advanced materials science.
Lattice Energy LLC- Increased Energy Densities Drive Convergence of Batteries...Lewis Larsen
Large increases in battery energy densities drive convergence between energetic materials, LENRs and batteries. Today LENRs create problems in high-energy-density advanced batteries; battery manufacturers can potentially turn today’s LENR issues into tomorrow’s opportunities. Importantly,
Japanese companies understand the convergence: Mitsubishi Heavy industries, Toyota Central Research, Toyota Motor Corp., and other unnamed large Japanese companies all now have LENR R&D programs; Lattice believes their ultimate goal is to eventually be able to replace the internal combustion engine using CO2-free LENRs.
Lattice Energy LLC-Minuscule Cumulative Investment in LENRs vs Nuclear Weapon...Lewis Larsen
Factoid: Fareed Zakaria, CNN – journalist and host of GPS show that aired on August 11, 2013, he stated that, “Between 1945 and the 1990s, we produced more than 70,000 total warheads and spent at least $8 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons development.”
Key take-aways from this presentation: perhaps more major corporations/governments should increase R&D spending on LENRs:
- R&D investments by governments and corporations have disproportionately favored nuclear fission and fusion technologies, especially weapons-related work, for 71 years
- Virtually everyone agrees that development of lower-risk, ecologically ‘clean’, low cost sources of energy is crucial to future world economic growth and overall quality of life, especially for people now living in rural areas without any electricity
- Over the past 63 years, enormous financial investments have been made in D-T fusion technology, yet today there are still no operating commercial power plants
- During last 24 years, tens of billions of dollars, euros, rubles, yuan, yen, and rupees were spent on fusion R&D; by contrast, less than ~US$200 million has gone into LENRs during that time; vast majority of that money came from the private sector
- Maybe it’s time for both corporations and governments to start making greater parallel R&D investments in LENRs in addition to fusion and fission technologies
- By pursuing multiple synergistic paths toward the same common goal we could, collectively all “hedge our bets” on the development of new, non-polluting, inexpensive energy sources that can ultimately supplant fossil fuels
Lattice Energy LL-Larsen Webradio Interview with Sandy Andrew-July 11 2012Lewis Larsen
Lively, in-depth audio interview suitable for a general audience; Mr. Sandy Andrew had carefully researched the topics of LENRs and "cold fusion" prior to the show --- asked a number of probing questions that explored the scientific, economic, geopolitical, and social implications of the W-L theory of LENRs. [one-hour online recording]
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs in Li-ion batteries? - July 16 2010Lewis Larsen
Low energy neutron reactions (LENRs) in advanced batteries and other condensed matter environments; could LENRs be involved in some Li-ion battery fires? Local electric fields greater than 10*11 V/m on nanometer to micron length-scales near fractal structures, sharp tips, and nanoparticles: if heavy-mass e* electrons and ultra low momentum neutrons are produced in such spots, what are the potential implications for advanced batteries?
Lattice Energy LLC-Game changing LENRs - What are they and amazing things the...Lewis Larsen
Lacking production of deadly radiation or hazardous long-lived radioactive wastes, LENR power systems would not require any expensive and massive shielding, containment, or waste clean-up. Coupled with intrinsic multiway scalability, these unique attributes could enable development of highly competitive commercial products with outputs ranging from milliwatts to megawatts suitable for portable, stationary, vehicular, and aerospace power markets. End-user price per BTU or kWh for LENR-based power systems could be substantially lower than prices for competing batteries or fuel cells, combustion, and present fission and fusion technologies.
Lattice Energy LLC - Green hard-radiation-free len rs could provide game-chan...Lewis Larsen
Green hard-radiation-free ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) could provide game-changing nuclear power for military combat systems ranging from aircraft to individual warfighters. LENRs are the only energy technology on the foreseeable horizon that could provide a quantum-leap in military power generation and propulsion capabilities in the 2030 - 2050 time-frame.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRS p-Holes Crustal Nucleosynthesis Seismicity and Dee...Lewis Larsen
Freund p-holes provide a new electronic mechanism for transferring and dissipating energy in Earth’s upper crust besides known mechano-acoustic seismic P- and S-wave processes - this is a paradigm shift in geophysical thinking. p-holes can power electric bacteria and LENR neutron-catalyzed nucleosynthesis (transmutation of elements) in Earth’s crust; these create measurable products at low rates over geological time – a paradigm shift in geochemistry. There is published experimental evidence that supports these conjectures and further suggests that p-holes and LENRs facilitate earthquakes and other seismic processes. Geophysical processes on Earth may be modulated by neutrino fluxes coming from the Sun via e + p neutrino interactions; explains otherwise inexplicable Russian data.
Lattice Energy LLC- High-temperature Superconductivity in Patches-Aug 23 2012Lewis Larsen
Certain published experimental data suggests that some form of high temperature superconductivity (HTSC) may be occurring in Widom-Larsen many-body patches of protons and SP electrons found in LENR systems. While not widely known or accepted, controversial experimental data collected and published by Tripodi et al., if correct, suggests that even room temperature superconductivity (RTSC) might be possible, at least in PdHx superconducting systems. If HTSC or RTSC truly does occur in W-L heavy-electron patches, although it shares some common characteristics with Type-2 superconductors, it differs in many key ways. For example, ‘normal’ lattice electron-phonon interactions seem unlikely to be involved in facilitating formation of Cooper pairing in a W-L patch’s SP electron subsystem. Instead, it seems like, during brief attoseconds of collective proton coherence, the many-body collective proton subsystem somehow functions as a local ‘lattice’ (a la a dynamic Coulomb crystal???). Viewed in that manner, a many-body proton subsystem’s electromagnetic and Q-M interactions with a patch’s many-body SP electron subsystem might then be able to provide a local environment conducive to electron pairing therein. Perhaps a patch’s two subsystems form dynamic, mutually reinforcing ‘mirror quantum condensates’ as conceptualized on Slide #81 herein. Hopefully, subject matter experts will study these new theoretical ideas to see whether they might lead to additional fruitful insights.
Lattice Energy LLC- Response to Sept 2012 Univ of Rome arXiv Preprint-Oct 30 ...Lewis Larsen
Ciuchi et al. (Sept. 2012) questioned the accuracy of our estimates of electroweak neutron production rates in condensed matter. In our response (Oct. 2012), we have shown how their assertion that our calculated reaction rates were too high was incorrect and that their rate calculations were erroneous because Ciuchi et al. had assumed, incorrectly, that the e + p reaction in a condensed matter metallic hydride cell is a simple two-body process; it is not.
The outstanding properties of metamaterials open the door of opportunity for a number of exciting practical applications. Fascinating applications such as: perfect lenses that break the diffraction limit of conventional lenses, optical quantum storage, and invisibility cloaking.
Lattice Energy LLC - Electroweak neutron production explains anomalous CNO el...Lewis Larsen
Many-body collective electroweak neutron production on dust grain surfaces and inside plasma-filled stellar magnetic flux tubes explains anomalous presence of CNO elements detected spectroscopically in atmospheres of some white dwarf stars. Closer to home, LENR CNO analogue could potentially be commercialized for green power generation here on Earth.
Ultra-optical characterization of thin film solar cells materials using core...IJECEIAES
This paper investigates on new design of heterojunction quantum dot (HJQD) photovoltaics solar cells CdS/PbS that is based on quantum dot metallics PbS core/shell absorber layer and quantum dot window layer. It has been enhanced the performance of traditional HJQD thin film solar cells model based on quantum dot absorber layer and bulk window layer. The new design has been used sub-micro absorber layer thickness to achieve high efficiency with material reduction, low cost, and time. Metallicssemiconductor core/shell absorber layer has been succeeded for improving the optical characteristics such energy band gap and the absorption of absorber layer materials, also enhancing the performance of HJQD ITO/CdS/QDPbS/Au, sub micro thin film solar cells. Finally, it has been formulating the quantum dot (QD) metallic cores concentration effect on the absorption, energy band gap and electron-hole generation rate in absorber layers, external quantum efficiency, energy conversion efficiency, fill factor of the innovative design of HJQD cells.
Similar to Lattice Energy LLC-Widom-Larsen Theory Explains Data Presented in New Mitsubishi US Patent Application-July 28 2013 (20)
Lattice Energy LLC - Strategic importance of accelerating commercialization o...Lewis Larsen
Prospects for commercialization of LENRs have radically improved. New Lattice report “Strategic importance of accelerating commercialization of LENRs for green radiation-free nuclear power and propulsion” aims at a broad audience and outlines strategic case for greatly increasing R&D funding to accelerate development of ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) for CO2-free power generation. Recent Japanese government-funded NEDO project solved previously intractable problems with rational device design & fabrication, experimental repeatability, and erratic, limited thermal output that bedeviled researchers worldwide since 1989-90.
Given spectacular Japanese progress, it appears very likely that LENRs will be commercialized, probably sooner rather than later. Today, Japan is by far the experimental leader along that path; heavily involved companies include Mitsubishi Heavy industries, Toyota, and Nissan..
Lattice Energy LLC - LENRs enable green radiation-free nuclear power and prop...Lewis Larsen
If commercialized, LENRs could become one of the world’s preeminent energy technologies. At system electrical power outputs of just 5 - 10 kwh, modular LENR-based distributed power generation systems providing combined heat and electricity (CHP) could satisfy energy requirements of a majority of urban and rural households as well as smaller businesses worldwide. Much lower-output, revolutionary portable LENR power sources could displace chemical batteries in applications where ultrahigh performance and longevity are needed.
At electrical outputs of 60 - 200 kwh, LENR-based integrated power generation systems would be able to power vehicles, drones, as well as smaller aircraft and watercraft. This would break oil-based fuels’ 150-year stranglehold on internal combustion engines and decisively decarbonize the entire transportation sector. High-performance LENR thermal sources could also provide high-quality heat for many types of industrial processes.
Although they could very likely be designed and built, development of megawatt-output LENR systems is not mandatory to disrupt the world of energy for the better. If wide deployment of small-scale, low-cost LENR CHP distributed generation could be achieved, large numbers of fossil-fired and/or fission power plants would not have to be built to supply competitively priced, uninterruptible electricity to regional grids serving urbanized areas. Under that scenario, centralized grid power generation would be gradually displaced by vast numbers of smaller, price-competitive distributed LENR power systems inside homes and businesses.
Lewis Larsen - DJIA approaches previous all-time record high close of 26828 -...Lewis Larsen
Dow-Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) is approaching previous all-time record high close of 26,828 - what happens next? If U.S. economy speeds-up by 3Q 2019 and/or good China-US trade deal is completed, DJIA could hit new all-time highs and increase by 3,000 to 6,000 points during next 6 - 18 months.
Lattice Energy LLC - Microbial radiation resistance transmutation of elements...Lewis Larsen
Microbial radiation resistance, possible transmutation of elements, and the dawn of life on Earth
Multi-species communities of microorganisms will expend energy to assimilate and process heavy elements like Cesium, Gold, and Uranium that -- now -- play no obvious roles in growth or metabolism. Credible experimental data suggests some bacteria are shifting isotope ratios and possibly even transmuting certain elements. How and why are microbes doing this? LENRs may explain how, but why?
Although credible experimental data suggests some microbes can transmute certain elements via LENRs, much more experimentation will be required to decisively demonstrate that microorganisms can truly transmute chemical elements at will and determine which species of microbes have such capabilities. LENRs may not be all that uncommon out in Nature; if so, there will be major implications for geochemistry, isotope geology, and nuclear waste remediation.
LENRs can mimic isotopic effects of mass-dependent and mass-independent chemical fractionation. Elements and isotopes conserve their mass-balances in purely chemical systems; that is not necessarily true if LENRs are also occurring in same systems. Accurate measurement of total mass balances for all chemical species may be needed to discriminate between chemical and nuclear processes.
ULE neutron-catalyzed transmutation is not energetically practical for more-abundant chemical elements found in living systems such as Carbon. However, transmutation could potentially be an energetically feasible and advantageous capability that could enable some fortunate microbes to produce life-critical, low-abundance catalytic active site metals that are unavailable in local environments.
Japanese government-funded project with Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toyota, Nissan, and four universities is developing abiotic LENRs for power generation. Recently reported outstanding heat production results at working temperatures and pressures far lower than those found in many undersea hydrothermal vents.
Lattice Energy LLC - Korean scientists use bacteria to reduce concentration o...Lewis Larsen
Korean scientists used experimental laboratory mixtures of bacteria to reduce concentration of radioactive Cesium-137 (as indicated by gamma emissions) present in aqueous growth solutions irradiated with light at 12-hour intervals, shaken, and incubated at 25o C.
During experiments, and compared to controls, measured gamma radiation for flasks containing bacteria decreased at vastly higher rates than would be expected for ‘normal’ rate of Cs-137 β-decay. Is radioactive Cesium actually being transmuted into heavier Cs isotopes and other elements by living bacteria?
Lewis Larsen - Dow-Jones Industrial Average reaches 26000 - what happens next...Lewis Larsen
Dow-Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) has just gone above 26,000 for first time ever. What happens next? Boom or bust?
Short pithy answer: “We ain’t seen nothin’ yet”; quoted from Barron’s article published in February 1988
Slightly longer answer: We are presently in an era of low-inflation economic growth and explosion of new technologies. Therefore, a continued global financial and economic boom subject to episodic, healthy market price corrections is much more likely to occur than a fearsome bust like the near-collapse of U.S. financial markets in 2008 and subsequent Great Recession from which world financial markets and many national economies are just beginning to fully recover. Herein we present key reasons why this bullish scenario should transpire as events unfold.
Lattice Energy LLC - Polar vortex cold wave in USA has potential for lower te...Lewis Larsen
Today, the United States is gripped in jaws of a Polar Vortex extreme cold weather event in Midwest and Northeast. On December 27, 2017 the nighttime low temperature in Duluth, Minnesota hit bone-chilling 41 degrees below zero F. This severe cold snap is predicted to persist through January 5 – 7, 2018. How will wind & solar renewable energy sources and commercial natural gas pipelines perform during this latest Polar Vortex event in U.S.? It will be interesting to see what happens between today and mid-January 2018.
Lattice Energy LLC - Fossil fuels and nuclear vs renewables for powering elec...Lewis Larsen
Enormous potential future value for diversified portfolios of renewable, fossil-fueled, and nuclear power generation --- enable grids to have resilience against extreme weather events related to climate change and “Black Swan” volcanic eruptions.
Proverb: “In the first place … an ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.” Benjamin Franklin (1735). Fukushima lessons: mitigate improbable extreme events if not too expensive; $200 million was thought too costly to fix backup generators in 2006 but the ‘cure’ for the 2011 nuclear disaster now costs $189 billion and could take 30 - 40 years.
What may appear ‘greener’ and less $$$ in myopic short-term decision-making about grids could end-up being extremely $$$ expensive or catastrophic in longer-term. Data suggests that is it too risky for society to put all its energy “eggs” into a single renewable basket. Lattice therefore believes balanced diversity of different types of grid power sources is best strategy for insuring 99+% future reliability and excellent resiliency of electricity grids facing onslaughts of extreme weather events and low but non-zero probability for catastrophic Black Swan volcanic eruptions.
Since high % of renewable energy sources on electricity grids is a new phenomenon and unexplored territory, there aren’t preexisting road maps to guide government regulation and critical implementation by industry. Private sector companies by nature are concerned with short-term bottom line profitability and have more narrowly focused interests; by contrast, government is responsible for insuring national energy security over much longer time-frames and broader range of grid-threatening events.
Rick Perry/DOE’s controversial NOPR to FERC in September created an important opportunity for U.S. government and industry to begin productive dialogue about how to enhance the U.S. electricity grid’s ability to maintain present reliability and adapt to climate change.
Lattice Energy LLC - US Secretary of Energy Rick Perry-DOE suggestions to FER...Lewis Larsen
U.S. Secretary of Energy Rick Perry-DOE suggestions to FERC re improving future grid resiliency are reasonable
U.S. Secretary of Energy Rick Perry has been heavily criticized for controversial DOE letter to FERC that proposed changes to compensation rules involving coal and nuclear power generation. Letter suggested that coal and nuclear operators should be compensated somehow for special value to grid resiliency provided by providing uninterruptible power during extreme weather events. Rick Perry-DOE further suggested that another requirement for receiving such compensation would be that eligible grid-connected dispatchable generation assets must be able to store enough fuel onsite to permit 90 days of uninterrupted electric power generation.
Ongoing climate change appears to be increasing the probability of extreme polar vortex cold snaps like what occurred in U.S. in winter of 2014; lowest temperatures during that episode only lasted for several days. Since then, there have been additional occurrences of weather extremes that drastically reduced renewable power output and lasted much longer than several days.
During 2015 there was a severe wind drought in Western United States lasting nearly six months. During December 2016 and January 2017 Germany and Western Europe experienced several protracted periods --- lasting up to one month --- during which there was little or no sun nor any wind. On January 24, power shortfall with renewables got so bad that Germany came within one dispatchable coal-fired power plant of experiencing a national power blackout. That was eerily similar to what nearly happened in Northeastern U.S. during worst of 2014 polar vortex and revealed limited resilience of Germany's Energiewende.
Given that extreme weather events can clearly cause substantial, protracted power shortfalls with renewables and natural gas plants, Rick Perry/DOE’s deep concerns about fuel security and suggestions to FERC are reasonable.
Lattice Energy LLC - LENR technology could help justify 2 trillion valuation ...Lewis Larsen
LENR technology could help justify Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman’s proposed US$ 2 trillion valuation for Saudi Aramco in planned 2018 company IPO.
Some outsiders and company insiders believe IPO valuation of US$ 400 billion up to maximum of 1.5 trillion are more realistic numbers. To the contrary, announcing major new R&D program in LENR technology by Aramco prior to IPO could boost valuation by increasing perceived future growth prospects and potentially enabling future production and sale of new types of revolutionary nanoparticulate CO2-free fuels derived from oil. These aromatic Carbon LENR fuels for transportation and power generation applications would have over 5,000x the energy density of gasoline.
Lattice Energy LLC - Japanese confirm Lattice hypotheses re importance of ads...Lewis Larsen
Survival of 40% of world’s population heavily depends on higher food production enabled by Ammonia fertilizer produced in large plants via Haber-Bosch process as commercialized in 1909.
Progress is being made with new catalyst technology that could potentially reduce capital and operating costs of future Ammonia plants which would be cost-effective in much smaller sizes that enable distributed production.
Recent Japanese papers confirm Lattice’s hypotheses about importance of adsorbed protons and high
local electric fields for boosting reaction rates on some types of metallic catalyst surfaces.
Manabe et al. achieved high yield Haber-Bosch-like synthesis of Ammonia by applying DC electric fields
along with N2, H2, Cs/Ru catalyst and SrZrO3 support at just room temperature and ~1 atmosphere pressure versus ~450o C and ~200 atm in commercial NH3 plant.
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs predicts deep causal connection between many-body collective physics of electroweak nuclear catalysis and chemical catalysis: very high local electric fields ≥ 1010 V/m and mobile surface patches of Q-M entangled protons. In LENRs these enable: electron + proton --> neutron + neutrino.
Lattice Energy LLC - Unclassified 2010 US Defense Threat reduction Agency Pow...Lewis Larsen
U.S. Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) favorably evaluated Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs in official contract report originally published back in March 2010. Unclassified document very recently became publicly available on the U.S. Dept. of Homeland Security’s digital library website. Quoting from DTRA report’s conclusions: “Could the W-L theory be the breakthrough needed to position LENR as a major source of carbon-free, environmentally clean source of source of low-cost nuclear energy??”
Lattice Energy LLC - LENR technologys compelling value proposition for oil an...Lewis Larsen
LENRs offer a compelling future value proposition for oil & gas companies. Technology of ultralow energy neutron reactions (LENRs) could enable conversion of aromatics derived from crude oil and natural gas into nanoparticulate LENR fuels with energy densities that are 5,000x greater than gasoline.
Achievement of this unprecedented capability could vastly increase performance of customers’ power generation systems as well as enable the rapid future development of many types of revolutionary products suitable for array of key consumer and military markets.
LENR technology could also stretch useful economic lifetimes of today’s remaining in-ground supplies of oil & gas from British Petroleum's 2016 estimate of < 53 years out to at least another 25,000 years further into far future.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Encryption in Microsoft 365 - ExpertsLive Netherlands 2024Albert Hoitingh
In this session I delve into the encryption technology used in Microsoft 365 and Microsoft Purview. Including the concepts of Customer Key and Double Key Encryption.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Accelerate your Kubernetes clusters with Varnish CachingThijs Feryn
A presentation about the usage and availability of Varnish on Kubernetes. This talk explores the capabilities of Varnish caching and shows how to use the Varnish Helm chart to deploy it to Kubernetes.
This presentation was delivered at K8SUG Singapore. See https://feryn.eu/presentations/accelerate-your-kubernetes-clusters-with-varnish-caching-k8sug-singapore-28-2024 for more details.
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Welocme to ViralQR, your best QR code generator.ViralQR
Welcome to ViralQR, your best QR code generator available on the market!
At ViralQR, we design static and dynamic QR codes. Our mission is to make business operations easier and customer engagement more powerful through the use of QR technology. Be it a small-scale business or a huge enterprise, our easy-to-use platform provides multiple choices that can be tailored according to your company's branding and marketing strategies.
Our Vision
We are here to make the process of creating QR codes easy and smooth, thus enhancing customer interaction and making business more fluid. We very strongly believe in the ability of QR codes to change the world for businesses in their interaction with customers and are set on making that technology accessible and usable far and wide.
Our Achievements
Ever since its inception, we have successfully served many clients by offering QR codes in their marketing, service delivery, and collection of feedback across various industries. Our platform has been recognized for its ease of use and amazing features, which helped a business to make QR codes.
Our Services
At ViralQR, here is a comprehensive suite of services that caters to your very needs:
Static QR Codes: Create free static QR codes. These QR codes are able to store significant information such as URLs, vCards, plain text, emails and SMS, Wi-Fi credentials, and Bitcoin addresses.
Dynamic QR codes: These also have all the advanced features but are subscription-based. They can directly link to PDF files, images, micro-landing pages, social accounts, review forms, business pages, and applications. In addition, they can be branded with CTAs, frames, patterns, colors, and logos to enhance your branding.
Pricing and Packages
Additionally, there is a 14-day free offer to ViralQR, which is an exceptional opportunity for new users to take a feel of this platform. One can easily subscribe from there and experience the full dynamic of using QR codes. The subscription plans are not only meant for business; they are priced very flexibly so that literally every business could afford to benefit from our service.
Why choose us?
ViralQR will provide services for marketing, advertising, catering, retail, and the like. The QR codes can be posted on fliers, packaging, merchandise, and banners, as well as to substitute for cash and cards in a restaurant or coffee shop. With QR codes integrated into your business, improve customer engagement and streamline operations.
Comprehensive Analytics
Subscribers of ViralQR receive detailed analytics and tracking tools in light of having a view of the core values of QR code performance. Our analytics dashboard shows aggregate views and unique views, as well as detailed information about each impression, including time, device, browser, and estimated location by city and country.
So, thank you for choosing ViralQR; we have an offer of nothing but the best in terms of QR code services to meet business diversity!
Generative AI Deep Dive: Advancing from Proof of Concept to ProductionAggregage
Join Maher Hanafi, VP of Engineering at Betterworks, in this new session where he'll share a practical framework to transform Gen AI prototypes into impactful products! He'll delve into the complexities of data collection and management, model selection and optimization, and ensuring security, scalability, and responsible use.
SAP Sapphire 2024 - ASUG301 building better apps with SAP Fiori.pdfPeter Spielvogel
Building better applications for business users with SAP Fiori.
• What is SAP Fiori and why it matters to you
• How a better user experience drives measurable business benefits
• How to get started with SAP Fiori today
• How SAP Fiori elements accelerates application development
• How SAP Build Code includes SAP Fiori tools and other generative artificial intelligence capabilities
• How SAP Fiori paves the way for using AI in SAP apps
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
FIDO Alliance Osaka Seminar: Passkeys and the Road Ahead.pdf
Lattice Energy LLC-Widom-Larsen Theory Explains Data Presented in New Mitsubishi US Patent Application-July 28 2013
1. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 1
Patent application: US 2012/0269309 A1
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Y. Iwamura et al.
Filed: June 8, 2012
“Nuclide transmutation device and
nuclide transmutation method”
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRS
fully explains experimental data
presented in a US patent application recently filed by
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.
Analysis and Comments
Lewis Larsen
President and CEO
Lattice Energy LLC, Chicago, IL USA
July 28, 2013
Evolution of nuclear technology
2. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 2
Readers are encouraged to download copies and compare
various details of Lattice’s issued patent US # 7,893,414 with
Mitsubishi’s recently published US application #2012/0269309
With respect to underlying nuclear physics embodied therein,
both documents invoke neutron captures and various decays
as the causative agents behind LENR nuclear transmutations
as manifested in before-and-after elemental and isotopic data
collected during many different types of experiments
conducted by Mitsubishi’s researchers over the years
Mitsubishi uses their EINR model published in 1998 to explain
the experimental data; however, it is strictly a conceptual
phenomenological model and does not explain physics of
exactly how LENR catalytic neutrons are formed and why
copious energetic neutron radiation is not observed; neither
does it explain why prompt and delayed MeV gamma radiation
is not emitted during neutron captures on various isotopes
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs, as published in 2006 and
2010, fully explains detailed physics of ultra low momentum
neutron production, as well as the absence of deadly fluxes of
energetic neutrons and hard MeV-energy gamma radiation;
detailed device physics enables meaningful engineering
Conclusions: the Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs can
successfully explain the various experimental data that was
presented and discussed in the recently published, LENR-
related US patent application filed June 8, 2012, by Mitsubishi
Heavy Industries, Ltd. (Japan), US 2012/0269309 A2
3. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 3
Contents
Relevant documents (includes URLs) …..………………….. 4 - 7
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs …………………………..…. 8 - 12
ANS meeting: Mitsubishi confirms W-L gold vector ……. 13 - 14
W-L explains Carbon-seed LENR transmutations …...….. 15 - 18
W-L explains LENR transmutation of Cs to Pr ……...…..... 19 - 20
W-L explains LENR transmutation of Sr to Mo ……...…..... 21
Page images: Mitsubishi US 2012/0269309 A1 ……...…..... 22 - 48
Parting thoughts about LENRs …..………………………….. 49
Working with Lattice ………………………………………...… 50
Quote: H.E. Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani (2000) …………... 51
4. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 4
Lattice’s fundamental issued patent
US #7,893,414 B2
“Apparatus and Method for Absorption of
Incident Gamma Radiation and its Conversion
to Outgoing Radiation at Less Penetrating,
Lower Energies and Frequencies”
Inventors: Lewis Larsen, Allan Widom
Issued: February 22, 2011
Assignee: Lattice Energy LLC
Gamma Photons
~0.5 – 1.0 to ~10 - 11 MeV energy
Heavy Electrons
Frequency Down
Conversion
Infrared Photons i.e., Heat
“Gamma radiation (22) is shielded by
producing a region of heavy electrons (4)
and receiving incident gamma radiation in
such region. The heavy electrons absorb
energy from the gamma radiation and re-
radiate it as photons (38, 40) at a lower
energy and frequency. The heavy
electrons may be produced in surface
plasmon polaritons. Multiple regions (6) of
collectively oscillating protons or
deuterons with associated heavy
electrons may be provided. Nanoparticles
of a target material on a metallic surface
capable of supporting surface plasmons
may be provided. The region of heavy
electrons is associated with that metallic
surface. The method induces a breakdown
in a Born-Oppenheimer approximation.
Apparatus and method are described.”
http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/us-patent-7893414-b2
5. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 5
Quoted from Column 24 in the issued patent:
“Together, the four scientific papers by the present
inventors comprising Attachments 1-4 can explain all
of the major features exhibited in many seemingly
anomalous experiments (lumped under the
unfortunate term cold fusion) that have previously
been regarded by many as theoretically inexplicable.
In contrast to earlier theories involving penetration of
Coulomb barriers, the present Invention's methods
and apparatus for creating low energy nuclear
reactions are scientifically reasonable within the
context of the well-accepted standard model of
electroweak interaction physics. The key process
responsible for producing most of the experimentally
observed anomalies explained by these publications
is not any form of cold fusion, nor is it any form of
fission. On the contrary, the key physical processes
driving the unique behavior of these systems are
primarily weak interactions. The four Attachments
extend well-accepted Standard Model physics to
include collective effects in condensed matter; no
new microscopic physics is assumed or is necessary
to explain the data.”
Lattice’s fundamental issued patent
US #7,893,414 B2
6. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 6
“Neutron-catalyzed LENR transmutations produce Gold
from Tungsten; Mitsubishi Heavy Industries presents
new data at Winter ANS meeting - Comparable results:
three sets of different experiments separated by as
much as 88 years” [29 slides]
L. Larsen, Lattice Energy LLC, December 7, 2012
http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-
llc-lenr-transmutation-networks-can-produce-golddec-7-
2012
Relevant documents
“Technical Overview”
L. Larsen, Lattice Energy LLC, June 25, 2009 [78 slides]
http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-
llctechnical-overviewjune-25-2009
“Technical Overview – Carbon Seed LENR Networks”
L. Larsen, Lattice Energy LLC, Sept 3, 2009 [65 slides]
http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-
llctechnical-overviewcarbon-seed-lenr-networkssept-3-
2009
7. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 7
Relevant documents
“A primer for electroweak induced low-energy nuclear
reactions”
Y. N. Srivastava, A. Widom, and L. Larsen
Pramana – Journal of Physics 75 (4) pp. 617 - 637 (2010)
http://www.ias.ac.in/pramana/v75/p617/fulltext.pdf
“Ultra-low momentum neutron catalyzed nuclear
reactions on metallic Hydride surfaces”
A. Widom and L. Larsen
European Physical Journal C – Particles and Fields 46
pp. 107 (2006)
http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/widom-and-
larsen-ulm-neutron-catalyzed-lenrs-on-metallic-hydride-
surfacesepjc-march-2006
“Index to key concepts and documents” version #11
L. Larsen, Lattice Energy LLC, May 28, 2013 [82 slides]
http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lattice-energy-llc-
index-to-documents-re-widomlarsen-theory-of-lenrsmay-
28-2013
8. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 8
W-L = collective effects + input energy:
EnergyE-field g e-* + p+ g n + νe [chemical cells]
EnergyB-field g e- + p+ g lepton + X [solar flares]
Collective electroweak production of neutrons in
condensed matter and large-scale magnetic regimes
Afterwards neutrons capture on targets:
n + (Z, A) g (Z, A+1) [neutron capture]
(Z, A+1) g (Z + 1, A+1) + eβ
- + νe [beta- decay]
Mainly β - decays of neutron-rich isotopic products
Widom-Larsen theory
explains condensed matter LENRs
Collective electroweak neutron production & capture,
and subsequent nuclear decays
Nuclear-strength, micron-scale, local electric fields are
crucial for ultra low momentum neutron production
9. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 9
Widom-Larsen theory
explains condensed matter LENRs
Collective electroweak neutron production & capture,
and subsequent nuclear decays
Nuclear-strength, micron-scale, local electric fields are
crucial for ultra low momentum neutron production
LENR Nuclear Realm (MeVs)
Occurs within micron-scale patches
eulm
nde
eulm
npe
2~
~
++
)1,(),( AZAZ
ulm
n
+
In the case of unstable isotopic products:
they subsequently undergo some type of
nuclear decay process; e.g., beta, alpha, etc.
eeAZAZ ),1(),(
He4
2
)4,2(),( AZAZ
In the case of a typical beta- decay:
In the case of a typical alpha decay:
+ +
+
Note: extremely neutron-rich product isotopes
may also deexcite via beta-delayed decays,
which can also emit small fluxes of neutrons,
protons, deuterons, tritons, etc.
ν
ν
or
Either a: stable or unstable
HEAVIER isotope
W-Lneutron
production
Neutron
capture
Decaysofunstable,veryneutron-rich
isotopes:betaandalpha(He-4)decays
Transmutations:isotopeshiftsoccur;
chemicalelementsdisappear/appear
Strong
interaction
Collectiveweak
interaction
10. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 10
Widom-Larsen theory
explains condensed matter LENRs
Collective electroweak neutron production & capture,
and subsequent nuclear decays
Nuclear-strength, micron-scale, local electric fields are
crucial for ultra low momentum neutron production
1. Electromagnetic (E-M) radiation on a metallic hydride
surface increases mass of surface plasmon (SP) electrons
2. Heavy-mass surface plasmon electrons react directly with (a)
surface protons (p+) or (b) deuterons (d+) to produce ultra
low momentum (ULM) neutrons (nulm or 2 nulm, respectively)
and an electron neutrino (νe)
3. Ultra low momentum neutrons (nulm) are captured by
nearby atomic nuclei (Z, A) representing some element with
charge (Z) and atomic mass (A). ULM neutron absorption
produces a heavier-mass isotope (Z, A+1) via transmutation.
This new isotope (Z, A+1) may itself be a stable or unstable,
which will perforce eventually decay
4. Many unstable isotopes β- decay, producing: transmuted
element with increased charge (Z+1), ~same mass (A+1) as
parent nucleus; β- particle (eβ
-); and an antineutrino νe
Ultra low momentum neutrons are almost all captured locally (very
few have time to thermalize and be detected); any gammas produced
get converted directly to infrared photons (heat) by heavy electrons
In condensed matter systems, Steps 1. through 4. occur in nm- to μ-
sized patch regions on surfaces; these are called LENR-active sites
Steps 1. thru 3. are very fast: can complete in 2 to 300 nanoseconds
11. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 11
Widom-Larsen theory
explains condensed matter LENRs
Collective electroweak neutron production & capture,
and nuclear decays
Nuclear-strength, micron-scale, local electric fields are
crucial for ultra low momentum neutron production
Weak interaction β- decays (shown just above), direct
gamma conversion to infrared photons (not shown), and
α decays (not shown) produce most of the excess heat
that is calorimetrically observed in LENR systems
No strong interaction fusion or heavy element fission
occurring below; weak interaction e + p or e + d
Unstable Isotope
1.
2a.
2b.
3.
Unstable or stable
new isotope
4.
+
(High E-M field > 1011 V/m)
+
+
+
+
+
+ +
Mass-renormalized
surface plasmon electron
(E-M energy) + e- e-*
hvfield
e-* + p+ nulm + νe
e-* + d+ 2 nulm + νe
nulm + (Z, A) (Z, A+1)
(Z, A+1) (Z+1, A+1) + eβ
- + νe
Many-body
collective
effects
(nuclear aikido)
12. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 12
Widom-Larsen theory
explains condensed matter LENRs
Collective electroweak neutron production & capture,
and nuclear decays
Nuclear-strength, micron-scale, local electric fields are
crucial for ultra low momentum neutron production
13. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 13
American Nuclear Society
Winter 2012 Meeting
Mitsubishi experimentally confirms vector
of Widom-Larsen theory LENR transmutation
network for converting tungsten into gold
Source of adapted graphic is New Energy Times:
http://news.newenergytimes.net/2012/12/06/mitsubishi-reports-toyota-replication/
Mitsubishi’s new experimental results: W Os Pt
Essentially same as data reported by Nagaoka (1924) and Cirillo (2004)
Details: see 29-slide Lattice document on SlideShare dated December 7, 2012
14. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 14
American Nuclear Society
Winter 2012 Meeting
Mitsubishi experimentally confirms vector
of Widom-Larsen theory LENR transmutation
network for converting tungsten into gold
Technical notes: gaseous permeation technique used by
Iwamura et al. in experiments with Tungsten (W) ‘targets’
produces only relatively small fluxes of ultra low
momentum neutrons; their electroweak neutron
production rate was therefore insufficient to drive the W-L
LENR transmutation network all the way out to the stable
Gold isotope during elapsed time of the experiments (only
got as far as Platinum – Pt, which was in fact observed)
Please carefully examine data found in PowerPoint slides,
related paper published in ANS Transactions, and video of
Dr. Iwamura’s Nov. 14, 2012, ANS meeting presentation
While Mitsubishi’s carefully conducted LENR experiments
did not reach Gold, they did observe key intermediate
nucleosynthetic products, namely Osmium and Platinum
Since Cirillo and Nagaoka’s experiments had much higher
levels of input energy in the form of electric currents, per
W-L theory they would be expected to produce higher
neutron fluxes and progress further into the LENR
network; accordingly, Cirillo and Nagaoka did reach Gold
Details: see 29-slide Lattice document on SlideShare dated
December 7, 2012
15. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 15
Widom-Larsen explains LENR
Carbon g to other elements
Figures in Mitsubishi US 2012/0269309A2
For further explanatory details see 65-slide Lattice
document on SlideShare dated September 3, 2009
16. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 16
Begin at Carbon (6C12)
Vector of Carbon-seed LENR
transmutation network pathway in green
Can probably ~control where LENR process ends: could stop anywhere from Nitrogen to Zinc
Depending on where nuclear process was stopped, LENR
transmutation of Carbon atoms could produce a wide variety
of stable elements up through Zinc; gaseous emissions might
be limited to Neon, Argon, Nitrogen and/or preferably Oxygen
Scale of energy release is in MeV; or >106 larger than any
chemical reactions such as in combustion of fossil fuels
See 65-slide Lattice document on SlideShare dated Sept. 3, 2009
Carbon atoms can serve as starting point target
or seed element for green neutron-catalyzed
LENR transmutation network per Widom-Larsen
Carbon-seed LENR transmutation network vector
17. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 17
LENR carbon-seed network details
18. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 18
LENR carbon-seed network details
19. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 19
Widom-Larsen explains Cs g Pr
Figure in Mitsubishi US 2012/0269309A2
For further explanatory details see 78-slide Lattice
document on SlideShare dated June 25, 2009
20. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 20
Neutron captures and decays
Widom-Larsen explains Cs g Pr
21. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 21
Neutron captures and decays
Widom-Larsen explains Sr g Mo
22. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 22
https://docs.google.com/viewer?url=patentimages.storage.googleapis.com/pdfs/US20120269309.pdf
23. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 23
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
24. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 24
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
25. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 25
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
26. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 26
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
27. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 27
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
28. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 28
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
29. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 29
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
30. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 30
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
31. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 31
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
32. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 32
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
33. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 33
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
34. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 34
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
35. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 35
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
36. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 36
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
37. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 37
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
38. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 38
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
39. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 39
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
40. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 40
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
41. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 41
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
42. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 42
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
43. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 43
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
44. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 44
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
45. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 45
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
46. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 46
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
47. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 47
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
48. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 48
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. US 2012/0269309 A1
49. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 49
Number of large Japanese companies now involved in
LENR R&D --- Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Toyota
Central Research, and Toyota Motors, among others ---
some companies, somewhere, will eventually succeed
LENRs could disrupt the portable power industry:
enable first safe battery-like nuclear power sources
Synergistic with oil and coal industries in the near-
future (see other Lattice presentations for details)
If successfully commercialized, genuine potential to
gradually replace internal combustion engines over
next 30 - 60 years; enable substantial reduction of
man-made CO2 emissions and someday energy
independence from petroleum in transportation
Widespread global deployment of distributed LENR
power systems, together with synergistic large- and
small-scale photovoltaic and wind-power systems,
could be a cost-effective way to achieve 100% rural
electrification worldwide, esp. in China and India
LENRs and portfolio of other types of carbon-free
renewable energy technologies together have the
potential to substantially reduce the real price of
electricity and democratize universal access to
affordable energy for every inhabitant of the planet
50. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 50
Lattice welcomes inquiries from large, established
companies and financial principals that have an interest in
seriously discussing the possibility of becoming a strategic
capital and/or LENR technology development partner in the
near- or long-term time frames and or a licensee of IP
To augment working capital and promote further
development of LENR technology, Lattice also selectively
engages in some fee-based third-party consulting. This work
covers various topics in the context of micron-scale, many-
body collective quantum effects in condensed matter
systems (including photosynthesis), field failures involved in
Li-based battery thermal runaways, nuclear fission waste
remediation, and ultra-high-temperature superconductors,
among others. Additional areas of expertise include long-
term strategic implications of LENRs on high cap-ex
investments in power generation and petroleum-related
assets, as well as long-term price outlooks for precious
metals and crude oil. We consult on any of these subjects as
long as it does not involve disclosing proprietary
engineering details applicable to Lattice’s planned LENR
power generation systems. Consulting is subservient to
company's main goal: commercializing LENRs for
applications in ultra-high energy density portable, mobile,
and stationary power generation systems; incl. licensing
Larsen c.v.: http://www.slideshare.net/lewisglarsen/lewis-g-
larsen-cv-june-2013
1-312-861-0115 lewisglarsen@gmail.com
51. Powering the world to a green future
Widom-Larsen theory of LENRs explains data in recent Mitsubishi patent application
July 28, 2013 Lattice Energy LLC, Copyright 2013 All rights reserved 51
"The Stone Age came to an end,
but not for a lack of stones,
and the oil age will end,
but not for a lack of oil.”
H.E. Sheikh Ahmed Zaki Yamani
أحمديماني زكي ;formerly
Oil Minister of Saudi Arabia
Stated during a media interview (2000)
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