Laser Photoablation
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Presentation laser
A laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. The term "laser" originated as an acronym for "light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation
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Laser” is an acronym for light amplification by stimulated emission of radiation. A laser is created when the electrons in atoms in special glasses, crystals, or gases absorb energy from an electrical current or another laser and become “excited.”Characteristics ,working ,types and application of lasers exclusively in medicine and biology.
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The document discusses lasers, including:
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- Lasers were invented in 1958 and are based on Einstein's idea of particle-wave duality of light.
- The key principles of lasers are stimulated emission within an amplifying medium and population inversion within an optical resonator.
- Common laser types discussed include ruby, He-Ne, argon ion, CO2, excimer, and solid-state lasers like Nd:YAG.
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Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser. It is also concerned with the physics of laser beam propagation, particularly the physics of Gaussian beams, with laser applications, and with associated fields such as non-linear optics and quantum optics.
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- The key characteristics of laser light that make it coherent, directional, and monochromatic.
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Presentation laser
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The document discusses lasers, including:
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- Lasers were invented in 1958 and are based on Einstein's idea of particle-wave duality of light.
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- Common laser types discussed include ruby, He-Ne, argon ion, CO2, excimer, and solid-state lasers like Nd:YAG.
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Laser science is principally concerned with quantum electronics, laser construction, optical cavity design, the physics of producing a population inversion in laser media, and the temporal evolution of the light field in the laser. It is also concerned with the physics of laser beam propagation, particularly the physics of Gaussian beams, with laser applications, and with associated fields such as non-linear optics and quantum optics.
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This document provides an overview of lasers, including:
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This document discusses the basics of lasers, including their main components and properties. It explains that lasers work by inducing population inversion through pumping, allowing for stimulated emission to produce coherent, monochromatic beams of light. The key parts of a laser are its active medium, pumping source, and optical resonator. Examples of different laser types include solid state, gas, liquid/dye, and semiconductor lasers. Lasers have many applications in areas like communication, medicine, manufacturing, and research.
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This document discusses lasers and their components and properties. It defines what a laser is, explaining that it stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". It describes the key components of a laser, including the energy source, optical cavity, active medium, cooling system, and delivery system. It then explains the unique properties of laser light, including coherence, directionality, being monochromatic, and high intensity. Finally, it outlines different types of lasers including solid state, gas, dye, excimer, chemical, and semiconductor lasers.
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The laser was invented in 1960 by Theodore Maiman. It works by stimulating the emission of light through a process called optical amplification. The key components of a laser are an active medium to generate the light, an excitation mechanism like electricity to energize the medium, and an optical resonator with mirrors to reflect the light waves and produce coherent, monochromatic light. Lasers have many applications, including use in medicine for procedures like removing gallstones, in manufacturing for precision tasks like drilling, and in everyday devices like barcode scanners, CD players, and communication networks.
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The document discusses lasers, including their principle, construction, types, and uses. It begins by explaining that a laser works by stimulating electrons to produce coherent and monochromatic photons through population inversion. The key components of a laser are a pump source to cause excitation, a gain medium such as gas or solid, and an optical resonator with mirrors. Common medical lasers described include CO2, Nd:YAG, diode, and excimer lasers used for procedures like photocoagulation, photodisruption, and photoablation. Industrial and scientific uses as well as laser safety are also covered at a high level.
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Laser is a device that emits light through a process of optical amplification based on the stimulated emission of electromagnetic radiation. It differs from other sources of light in that it emits light coherently, which allows for a high intensity beam with low divergence. The key components are an amplifying medium that can be pumped to invert a population of atoms or molecules to higher energy levels, and an optical resonator formed by two or more mirrors to provide feedback of the light emitted from the amplifying medium. When the population inversion condition is achieved, stimulated emission produces a cascade of photons with the same phase and wavelength.
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Lasers transform light of various frequencies into a chromatic radiation that is coherent, highly intense, highly directional, and highly monochromatic. A laser works by stimulating the emission of photons from excited atoms or molecules in a lasing medium, which causes those photons to stimulate the emission of more photons, leading to an avalanche effect. Nd:YAG lasers use a neodymium-doped yttrium aluminum garnet crystal as the lasing medium, which is pumped by a flashlamp to produce a coherent beam of infrared light. Lasers have applications in industry, medicine, the military, and science due to their unique properties.
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The document summarizes the history and science behind lasers. It discusses how the laser was first conceived in the 1950s and built in 1960. It then explains the basic components of a laser including an energy input source and a gain medium that produces stimulated emission when pumped with energy. Examples of common laser types and materials are provided. Applications of lasers in spectroscopy, surgery, and distance measurements to the moon are also mentioned.
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This document discusses the principles of lasers, including:
1) Lasers work using the principle of stimulated emission of radiation, where atoms or molecules in an excited state emit photons when stimulated by an external source, producing an intense beam of coherent and monochromatic light.
2) Key terms include absorption, emission, population inversion, and stimulated emission, which are required for lasers to function.
3) Lasers have characteristics like monochromaticity, coherence, and collimation that make them useful surgical tools, though they also have disadvantages like cost and safety hazards that require special training.
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Lasers emit light that is highly directional, monochromatic, and coherent. Common laser components include an active medium, excitation mechanism, and high and partially reflective mirrors. Lasing occurs when atoms in the active medium are excited and stimulated emission produces photons. Laser output is measured in watts, joules, irradiance, and pulsed vs. continuous wave. Laser hazards include eye, skin, chemical, electrical, and fire risks. Lasers are classified based on wavelength, average power, energy per pulse, and beam exposure to determine appropriate safety controls.
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The document discusses the various effects and mechanisms of action of lasers on biological tissues. There are five main effects: 1) Thermal effects such as coagulation and vaporization, which can be used for cutting tissues. 2) Mechanical effects from high intensity lasers causing shock waves. 3) Photoablative effects allowing precise ablation without heat. 4) Photodynamic effects using light-activated drugs to kill cancer cells. 5) Photochemical and photobiological effects that can reduce pain and inflammation or enhance healing. Lasers have a variety of medical applications based on their different tissue interactions.
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Featuring the Laser principles and applications ..... Include figures & representations for more references .....
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This presentation only shows the description of carbon dioxide
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The document provides an overview of lasers, including their introduction, characteristics, population inversion, types of coherence, and applications. It discusses key laser concepts such as spontaneous emission, stimulated emission, optical pumping, threshold inversion density, and optical feedback. Examples of specific laser types are given, including ruby lasers, HeNe lasers, and semiconductor lasers. The document concludes with applications of lasers in areas like welding, medicine, data storage, printing, and military weapons.
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This document provides an overview of lasers, including:
1. A definition of a laser as a device that generates light through stimulated emission.
2. Descriptions of the key components and processes that enable laser operation, including population inversion and optical feedback.
3. Examples of common laser applications like CD players, fiber optics, and medical devices.
4. Safety considerations regarding laser hazards and the importance of controls and personal protective equipment when working with lasers.
Gain media & q switching
There are three main types of laser gain media: gases, liquids, and solids. Gases like CO2 have narrow wavelength gain, while liquids like dyes have broad gain. Solid state lasers like Nd:YAG can have either narrow or broad gain depending on the material. All gain media require pumping to receive energy, which can be optical pumping using lamps or flashlights, or electrical pumping using gas discharges. Q-switching is a technique to produce high power pulses using a Pockels cell to prevent lasing until a population inversion is fully inverted.
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This document discusses the basics of lasers, including their main components and properties. It explains that lasers work by inducing population inversion through pumping, allowing for stimulated emission to produce coherent, monochromatic beams of light. The key parts of a laser are its active medium, pumping source, and optical resonator. Examples of different laser types include solid state, gas, liquid/dye, and semiconductor lasers. Lasers have many applications in areas like communication, medicine, manufacturing, and research.
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This document discusses lasers and their components and properties. It defines what a laser is, explaining that it stands for "Light Amplification by Stimulated Emission of Radiation". It describes the key components of a laser, including the energy source, optical cavity, active medium, cooling system, and delivery system. It then explains the unique properties of laser light, including coherence, directionality, being monochromatic, and high intensity. Finally, it outlines different types of lasers including solid state, gas, dye, excimer, chemical, and semiconductor lasers.
coherence of light
Coherent light refers to light rays that travel closely packed in straight parallel lines, like in a sunbeam. Examples of coherent light include lasers, which emit visible light beams that diverge very little over long distances. Automobile headlights and spotlights also emit coherent light by directing rays into a narrow, well-defined beam. Intense direct sunlight passing through a small opening also forms a coherent light beam. Coherent light waves are "in phase" with one another, meaning the crests and troughs of each wave are aligned.
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Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressions
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Advanced control scheme of doubly fed induction generator for wind turbine us...
This paper describes a speed control device for generating electrical energy on an electricity network based on the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) used for wind power conversion systems. At first, a double-fed induction generator model was constructed. A control law is formulated to govern the flow of energy between the stator of a DFIG and the energy network using three types of controllers: proportional integral (PI), sliding mode controller (SMC) and second order sliding mode controller (SOSMC). Their different results in terms of power reference tracking, reaction to unexpected speed fluctuations, sensitivity to perturbations, and resilience against machine parameter alterations are compared. MATLAB/Simulink was used to conduct the simulations for the preceding study. Multiple simulations have shown very satisfying results, and the investigations demonstrate the efficacy and power-enhancing capabilities of the suggested control system.
DEEP LEARNING FOR SMART GRID INTRUSION DETECTION: A HYBRID CNN-LSTM-BASED MODEL
As digital technology becomes more deeply embedded in power systems, protecting the communication
networks of Smart Grids (SG) has emerged as a critical concern. Distributed Network Protocol 3 (DNP3)
represents a multi-tiered application layer protocol extensively utilized in Supervisory Control and Data
Acquisition (SCADA)-based smart grids to facilitate real-time data gathering and control functionalities.
Robust Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) are necessary for early threat detection and mitigation because
of the interconnection of these networks, which makes them vulnerable to a variety of cyberattacks. To
solve this issue, this paper develops a hybrid Deep Learning (DL) model specifically designed for intrusion
detection in smart grids. The proposed approach is a combination of the Convolutional Neural Network
(CNN) and the Long-Short-Term Memory algorithms (LSTM). We employed a recent intrusion detection
dataset (DNP3), which focuses on unauthorized commands and Denial of Service (DoS) cyberattacks, to
train and test our model. The results of our experiments show that our CNN-LSTM method is much better
at finding smart grid intrusions than other deep learning algorithms used for classification. In addition,
our proposed approach improves accuracy, precision, recall, and F1 score, achieving a high detection
accuracy rate of 99.50%.
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Laser Photoablation
- 1. LASER PHOTOABLATION University College Of Engineering(UCE),OU DEPARTMENT OF BIOMEDICAL ENGINEERING BY. TADESSE WAKTOLA ZERIHUN KETEMA 25 JAN, 2017 1
- 2. Outlines • Introduction • Process of photoablation • Models • Applications • Effects Conclusion 2
- 3. Introduction Photoablation: Laser interaction mechanism by which molecular bonds are broken using high energy UV photons Discovery: First by Srinivasan and Mayne-Banton (1982) First studies: PMMA modeled by Garrison and Srinivasan (1985) 3
- 4. Photoablation Process Excitation: AB + hν → (AB)∗, Dissociation: (AB)∗ → A+B+ Ekin 4
- 6. Models of Photoablation Dependence of ablated depth on incident laser intensity Modeled: By Researchers Srinivasan and Mayne-Banton (1982) Andrew et al. (1983) Deutsch and Geis (1983) Garrison and Srinivasan (1985) Fundamental: Lambert Law of light absorption i) I(z) = I0 exp(−αz) ii) − ∂I /∂z = α I(z) iii) αI(z) ≥ αIph; αIph threshold value iv) I0 exp(−αz) ≥ Iph v) d = 1/α ln I0 /Iph≈ 2.3 α log10 I0/Iph Ablation depth 6
- 7. Clinical Applications Ophthalmology Refractive Retinal Surgery Correct refractive error eye Myopia(nearsightedness) Hyperopia (farsightedness) Astigmatism LASIK 7
- 8. Effects of Photoablation UV Cytotoxicity Sources of UV lasers 8
- 9. Effects of Photoablation UV Cytotoxity DNA defects Mutagenesis 248 nm > 193 nm > 308 nm Decreasing order of DNA Effects 9
- 10. Conclusion Photoablation is laser interaction that breaks molecular bonds using UV Photoablation is used in refractive eye surgery UV photons used in photoablation are associated with effects of mutagenesis and cytotoxicty 10
- 11. References 1.Markolf H. Niemz Laser,Tissue Interactions Fundamentals and Applications,3rd edition 2.E E Manche,J Carr ,WW Haw, and P S Hersh Excimer Laser refractive surgery 3. http://www.phakosopht.com/Lasik 4. Ophthalmology : Expert Consult: Online and Print by Myron Yanoff and Jay S. Duker,2013 11
- 12. Thank You 12