This document discusses language translation systems. It describes three main types of translators: assemblers, interpreters, and compilers. Assemblers translate assembly language to machine code in a 1:1 manner. Interpreters translate high-level languages to machine code line by line. Compilers translate entire high-level programs to machine code in a single step. Interpreters allow for multi-platform code while compilers produce faster executable files.

1. University of Wah,Wah cantt Pakistan.

2. GROUP MEMBERS
• TOQEER QAYYUM
• ANAS SATTI
• ZEESHAN AKRAM
University of Wah,Wah cantt Pakistan.

3. LANGUAGE
TRANSLATION SYSTEM
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4. INTRODUCTION
Translator is a computer program that translates a program written in a given
programming language into a functionally equivalent program in a different
language.
Depending on the translator
 this may involve changing or simplifying the program flow
 without losing the essence of the program
 thereby producing a functionally equivalent program
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5. WHAT IS LANGUAGE TRANSLATOR
 Computers are digital devices
All types of commands, data and instructions required to be converted into
machine code which is the combination of 0’s and 1’s
We give instructions to the computer in a language which is similar to English
and easier for us to understand
 The computer translates these instructions into the machine language with
the help of language translators.
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6. TYPES
 Assembler
 An assembler is software that converts programs written in assembly
language to machine language
 Interpreter
 An interpreter is software that converts programs written in high level
language to machine language code. It converts one instruction at a time.
Compiler
A compiler is software that converts programs written in high level
language to machine code in a single operation.
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7. CONT….
If the translator translates target/machine code to source language it is
called a decompiler
Example
Reverse Engineering Compiler (REC).
If the translator translates machine code into assembly language it is called
a disassembler
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8. EXAMPLE
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9. HISTORY
The idea of machine translation may be traced back to the 17th century
Machine translation generally started in the 1950s, although work can be
found from earlier periods.
The Georgetown experiment in 1954 involved fully automatic translation of
more than sixty Russian sentences into English.
MT on the web started with SYSTRAN Offering free translation of small texts
(1996),
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10. In the 1960s, high-level programming languages using a compiler were
commonly called autocodes
a text/SMS translation service for mobiles in Japan (2008), and a mobile
phone with built-in speech-to-speech translation functionality for English
Google announced that Google Translate translates roughly enough text to
fill 1 million books in one day (2012).
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11. The human translation process may be described
as:
Decoding the meaning of the source text; and
Re-encoding this meaning in the target language.
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12. WORKING
Assembler
. Assembly language consists of mnemonics for machine opcodes so
assemblers perform a 1:1 translation from mnemonic to a direct instruction
For example:
LDA #4 converts to 0001001000100100
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13. CONT….
Conversely, one instruction in a high level language will translate to one or
more instructions at machine level.
Advantages of using an Assembler:
Very fast in translating assembly language to machine code as 1 to 1
relationship
Assembly code is often very efficient (and therefore fast) because it is a low
level language
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14. CONT…
Assembly code is fairly easy to understand due to the use of English-like
mnemonics
Disadvantages of using Assembler
Assembly language is written for a certain instruction set and/or processor
Assembly tends to be optimised for the hardware it's designed for, meaning
it is often incompatible with different hardware
Lots of assembly code is needed to do relatively simple tasks, and complex
programs require lots of programming time
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15. CONT…
Compiler
A compiler takes as input a program in some language, and translates that
program into some other language, which may serve as input to another
interpreter or another compiler
Notice that a compiler does not directly execute the program
Ultimately, in order to execute a program via compilation, it must be
translated into a form that can serve as input to an interpreter.
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16. Advantages of using a compiler
Source code is not included, therefore compiled code is more secure than
interpreted code
Tends to produce faster code than interpreting source code
Produces an executable file, and therefore the program can be run without
need of the source code
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17. Disadvantages of using a compiler
Object code needs to be produced before a final executable file, this can
be a slow process
The source code must be 100% correct for the executable file to be
produced
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18. Interpreter
An interpreter program executes other programs directly, running through
program code and executing it line-by-line.
 An interpreter is slower than running compiled code but it can take less time
to interpret program code than to compile and then run it — this is very
useful when prototyping and testing code
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19. Interpreters are written for multiple platforms
means code written once can be run immediately on different systems
without having to recompile for each
Examples of this include flash based web programs that will run on your PC,
MAC, games console and Mobile phone.
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20. Advantages of using an Interpreter
Easier to debug(check errors) than a compiler
Easier to create multi-platform code, as each different platform would have
an interpreter to run the same code
Useful for prototyping software and testing basic program logic

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21. Disadvantages of using an Interpreter
Source code is required for the program to be executed, and this source
code can be read making it insecure
Interpreters are generally slower than compiled programs due to the per-line
translation method
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